VCE PE Unit 1 AOS2 Revision
Inspiration
Breathing in (inhalation)
EPO
Erythropoietin. A naturally occurring peptide hormone produced in the kidneys. It regulates the body's production of RBC's
Acute responses
Immediate physiological changes that facilitate energy production
Blood Doping
Is an ergogenic procedure in which an increased red blood cell count is achieved by using the athlete's, or a donors, blood
'Live high, train low'
Modern training technique where athletes live at high altitudes and train at low altitudes
RBC's
Red blood cells
Hyperthemia
When the core temperature of the body raises above the maximum temperature required to maintain basic metabolic functions.
WADA
World Anti-Doping Agency. Promotes, coordinates, and monitors at the international level the fight against doping in sports in all its forms
Emphysema
a disease that enlarges the lungs air sacs, causing a decrease in lung function and causes breathing difficulties
Cholesterol
a fatty substance that is in the blood of humans and animals
Chronic
a long-term condition (the opposite of acute)
Asthma
a respiratory condition that narrows airways
Arteries
arterioles, capillaries, vessels that transport oxygenated blood to the working muscles
White Blood Cells (WBC's)
blood cells that fight infections
Expiration
breathing out (exhalation)
Plasma
carries nutrients, removes waste and is 90% water which counters dehydration
Platelets
cells that form blood clots to stop bleeding
Angina
chest pain or discomfort in an area of your heart muscle
Beta Blockers
drugs that reduce blood pressure by promoting vasodilation
EPOC
excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Also known as oxygen debt
COPD
frequently reoccurring or long lasting diseases that restrict the airways
Red Blood Cells (RBC's)
give blood its colour, produced in bone marrow. They contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen to muscles
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Hypoxia/Hypoxic
occurs when there are low levels of oxygen available to the body.
Maximal exercise
physical activity that is performed in the anaerobic training zone (above 85% max HR)
Submaximal
physical activity that is performed in the recovery and aerobic training zones (50-85% max HR)
Homeostasis
self-regulating process by which the body system maintains stability whilst adjusting to changing environments
Oxygen deficit
temporary shortage of oxygen. A point where oxygen supply does not meet the oxygen demand.
Stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat
Cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
Respiratory rate
the amount of breaths taken in a minute
Vo2 Maximum
the amount of oxygen that can be taken up, transported and utilized per minute
Heart rate
the amount of times the heart beats in a minute
Arteriovenous difference
the difference in oxygen levels between the arteries and veins
Pulmonary diffusion
the gaseous exchange that occurs at the lungs.
Ventricles
the inferior chambers of the heart
Aorta
the main vessel that delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the body via the systemic circuit
Vena cava
the main vessels that deliver deoxygenated blood back into the heart
Atherosclerosis
the narrowing of an artery due to plaque build up
Vasoconstriction
the narrowing of vessels to restrict blood flow
Steady state
the point in which oxygen supply meets the oxygen demand of an activity
Mortality
the rates of death in a population
Morbidity
the rates of illness in a population
Atria
the superior chambers of the heart
Minute ventilation
the volume of air moved in and out of the respiratory tract each minute.
Tidal volume
the volume of oxygen inspired and expired per breath
Vasodililation
the widening of vessels to increase blood flow
Hyperviscosity
thickening of the blood due to increased RBC count
Altitude Training
training well above sea level to promote adaptations to the cardiorespiratory system to improve performance
Hypertension
unusually high blood pressure
Veins
venules, capillaries, vessels that transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Diffusion
when gases move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Hypothermia
when the core temperature of the body falls below the minimum temperature required to maintain basic metabolic functions.
