VCE PE Unit 1 AOS2 Revision

Inspiration

Breathing in (inhalation)

EPO

Erythropoietin. A naturally occurring peptide hormone produced in the kidneys. It regulates the body's production of RBC's

Acute responses

Immediate physiological changes that facilitate energy production

Blood Doping

Is an ergogenic procedure in which an increased red blood cell count is achieved by using the athlete's, or a donors, blood

'Live high, train low'

Modern training technique where athletes live at high altitudes and train at low altitudes

RBC's

Red blood cells

Hyperthemia

When the core temperature of the body raises above the maximum temperature required to maintain basic metabolic functions.

WADA

World Anti-Doping Agency. Promotes, coordinates, and monitors at the international level the fight against doping in sports in all its forms

Emphysema

a disease that enlarges the lungs air sacs, causing a decrease in lung function and causes breathing difficulties

Cholesterol

a fatty substance that is in the blood of humans and animals

Chronic

a long-term condition (the opposite of acute)

Asthma

a respiratory condition that narrows airways

Arteries

arterioles, capillaries, vessels that transport oxygenated blood to the working muscles

White Blood Cells (WBC's)

blood cells that fight infections

Expiration

breathing out (exhalation)

Plasma

carries nutrients, removes waste and is 90% water which counters dehydration

Platelets

cells that form blood clots to stop bleeding

Angina

chest pain or discomfort in an area of your heart muscle

Beta Blockers

drugs that reduce blood pressure by promoting vasodilation

EPOC

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Also known as oxygen debt

COPD

frequently reoccurring or long lasting diseases that restrict the airways

Red Blood Cells (RBC's)

give blood its colour, produced in bone marrow. They contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen to muscles

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Hypoxia/Hypoxic

occurs when there are low levels of oxygen available to the body.

Maximal exercise

physical activity that is performed in the anaerobic training zone (above 85% max HR)

Submaximal

physical activity that is performed in the recovery and aerobic training zones (50-85% max HR)

Homeostasis

self-regulating process by which the body system maintains stability whilst adjusting to changing environments

Oxygen deficit

temporary shortage of oxygen. A point where oxygen supply does not meet the oxygen demand.

Stroke volume

the amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat

Cardiac output

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

Respiratory rate

the amount of breaths taken in a minute

Vo2 Maximum

the amount of oxygen that can be taken up, transported and utilized per minute

Heart rate

the amount of times the heart beats in a minute

Arteriovenous difference

the difference in oxygen levels between the arteries and veins

Pulmonary diffusion

the gaseous exchange that occurs at the lungs.

Ventricles

the inferior chambers of the heart

Aorta

the main vessel that delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the body via the systemic circuit

Vena cava

the main vessels that deliver deoxygenated blood back into the heart

Atherosclerosis

the narrowing of an artery due to plaque build up

Vasoconstriction

the narrowing of vessels to restrict blood flow

Steady state

the point in which oxygen supply meets the oxygen demand of an activity

Mortality

the rates of death in a population

Morbidity

the rates of illness in a population

Atria

the superior chambers of the heart

Minute ventilation

the volume of air moved in and out of the respiratory tract each minute.

Tidal volume

the volume of oxygen inspired and expired per breath

Vasodililation

the widening of vessels to increase blood flow

Hyperviscosity

thickening of the blood due to increased RBC count

Altitude Training

training well above sea level to promote adaptations to the cardiorespiratory system to improve performance

Hypertension

unusually high blood pressure

Veins

venules, capillaries, vessels that transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Diffusion

when gases move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Hypothermia

when the core temperature of the body falls below the minimum temperature required to maintain basic metabolic functions.