Vocabulary Level F Unit 7-12

dilatory

(adj.) tending to delay or procrastinate, not prompt; intended to delay or postpone synonyms: stalling, slow, tardy, laggard antonyms: prompt, punctual, speedy, expeditious

supposition

(n.) something that is assumed or taken for granted without conclusive evidence synonyms: assumption, presumption, hypothesis

expurgate

(v.) to remove objectionable passages or words from a written text; to cleanse, purify Synonyms: purge, censor, bowdlerize

recapitulate

(v.) to review a series of facts; to sum up synonyms: review, summarize, sum up, go over

resuscitate

(v.) to revive, bring back to consciousness or existence synonyms: revitalize, reanimate, restore, reactivate

pillage

(v.) to rob of goods by open force (as in war), plunder; (n.) the act of looting; booty Synonyms: (v.) ravage, sack, loot; (n.) booty

satiate

(v.) to satisfy completely; to fill to excess; (adj.) full, satisfied Synonyms: (v.) gratify, cloy, surfeit, gorge Antonyms: (v.) starve, deprive entirely of

prate

(v.) to talk a great deal in a foolish or aimless fashion Synonyms: prattle, blab, palaver Antonym: come to the point

gauche

(adj.) awkward, lacking in social graces, tactless, clumsy Synonyms: inept, uncouth, maladroit Antonyms: adroit, tactful, diplomatic, politic

susceptible

(adj.) open to; easily influenced; lacking in resistance Synonyms: vulnerable, receptive, impressionable Antonyms: resistant, immune

restitution

(n.) the act of restoring someone or something to the rightful owner or to a former state or position; making good on a loss or damage Synonyms: reimbursement, redress, restoration

hypothetical

(adj.) based on an assumption or guess; used as a provisional or tentative idea to guide or direct investigation Synonyms: assumed, supposed, conditional Antonyms: actual, real, tested, substantiated

palpable

(adj.) capable of being touched or felt; easily seen, heard, or recognized Synonyms: tangible, plain, obvious, manifest Antonyms: intangible, insubstantial, incorporeal

nebulous

(adj.) cloudlike, resembling a cloud; cloudy in color, not transparent; vague, confused, indistinct synonyms: hazy, fuzzy, cloudy, vague, murky, opaque, indeterminate antonyms: definite, distinct, clear, sharply focused

crass

(adj.) coarse, unfeeling; stupid Synonyms: crude, tasteless, oafish, obtuse Antonyms: refined, elegant, tasteful, polished, brilliant

egregious

(adj.) conspicuous, standing out from the mass (used particularly in an unfavorable sense) synonyms: glaring, flagrant, blatant antonyms: unnoticeable, paltry, piddling

specious

(adj.) deceptive, apparently good or valid but lacking real merit Synonyms: deceptively plausible, sophistic, casuistic Antonyms: valid, sound, solid, genuine

culpable

(adj.) deserving blame, worthy of condemnation synonyms: guilty, delinquent, peccant, blameworthy antonyms: blameless, innocent, laudable, meritorious

censurable

(adj.) deserving of blame or correction Synonyms: blameworthy, discreditable, reprehensible Antonyms: commendable, laudable, meritorious

corroborate

(v.) to confirm, make more certain, bolster, substantiate, verify Antonyms: (adj.) refute, contradict, undermine, discredit

disconcert

(v.) to confuse; to disturb the composure of Synonyms: upset, rattle, ruffle, faze Antonyms: relax, calm, put at ease

disavow

(v.) to deny responsibility for or connection with Synonyms: disclaim, retract, abjure Antonyms: acknowledge, admit, grant, certify

reprove

(v.) to find fault with, scold, rebuke Synonyms: chastise, upbraid, reproach Antonyms: praise, commend, laud, pat on the back

foist

(v.) to impose by fraud; to pass off as worthy or genuine; to bring about by stealth, dishonesty, or coercion Synonyms: pass off, palm off, fob off

inculcate

(v.) to impress on the mind by repetition, teach persistently and earnestly Synonyms: instill, implant, infuse, ingrain, imbue Antonyms: efface, extirpate, root out

debase

(v.) to lower in character, quality, or value; to degrade, adulterate; to cause to deteriorate Synonyms: cheapen, corrupt, demean, depreciate Antonyms: elevate, uplift, improve, enhance

abate

(v.) to make less in amount, degree, etc.; to subside, become less; to nullify; to deduct, omit synonyms: diminish, decrease, subside, let up antonyms: intensify, increase, magnify, wax

mitigate

(v.) to make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity Synonyms: lessen, relieve, alleviate Antonyms: aggravate, intensify, irritate, exacerbate

sear

(v.) to make or become dry and withered; to char or scorch the surface of; to harden or make unfeeling; to patch, desiccate, singe

relegate

(v.) to place in a lower position; to assign, refer, turn over; to banish Synonyms: transfer, consign, demote, exile Antonyms: promote, elevate, advance, recall

concoct

(v.) to prepare by combining ingredients, make up (as a dish); to devise, invent, fabricate Synonyms: create, fashion, rustle up

disseminate

(v.) to scatter or spread widely Synonyms: disperse, publicize, broadcast, circulate Antonyms: bring together, concentrate, muster, conceal, hide

equivocate

(v.) to speak or act in a way that allows for more than one interpretation; to be deliberately vague or ambiguous synonyms: to talk out of both sides of one's mouth, palter, hedge antonyms: to speak one's mind plainly

Fortuitous

Adj. accidental, occurring by a happy chance S: unintentional, unplanned, random, lucky A: intentional, deliberate, premeditated

Sedentary

Adj. characterized by or calling for continued sitting; remaining in one place S: static, stationary A: active, peripatetic

Efficacious

Adj. effective, producing results S: effectual, efficient, potent, powerful A: ineffective, worthless, useless

Recondite

Adj. exceeding ordinary knowledge and understanding S: arcane, abstruse A: simple, uncomplicated

Munificent

Adj. extremely generous, lavish S: bounteous, liberal A: miserly,parsimonious

Gratuitous

Adj. freely given; not called for by circumstances, unwarranted S: voluntary, unjustified A: justified, warranted

Covert

Adj. hidden, disguised, purposefully kept secret; sheltered, secluded N. a sheltered place, a hiding place S: Adj. undercover, clandestine, sub-rosa A: Adj. open, overt, undisguised

Imperious

Adj. overbearing,arrogant; seeking to dominate; pressing, compelling S: domineering, magisterial, urgent, imperative A: fawning, obsequious, humble, unassuming

Debonair

Adj. pleasant, courteous, lighthearted; smooth and polished in manner and appearance

Motley

Adj. showing great variety; composed of different elements or many colors N. a jester's costume; a jester S: Adj. variegated, heterogenous, diverse; N. fool A: Adj. homogeneous, monochromatic

Provocative

Adj. tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating, annoying S: stimulating, arousing, vexing, galling A: dull, insipid, bland, unstimulating

Annotation

N. a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work

Reprobate

N. a depraved, vicious, or unprincipled person, scoundrel Adj. corrupt or unprincipled V. to disapprove of, condemn S: N. scoundrel, blackguard; Adj. immoral, corrupt A: N. saint; Adj. upright, virtuous, moral

Bedlam

N. a state or scene of uproar and confusion S: commotion, pandemonium, chaos, anarchy A: peace and quiet, order, tranquility

Invective

N. a strong denunciation or condemnation; abusive language Adj. abusive, vituperative S: N. vituperation, abuse, philippic A: N. tribute, panegyric, encomium

Equanimity

N. calmness, composure, refusal to panic S: tranquility, imperturbability A:excitability, flappability, agitation

Gist

N. the essential part, main point, or essence S: substance, core, nucleus

Procrastinate

V. to delay, put off until later S: stall, temporize, dillydally

Dun

V. to demand insistently, especially in payment of a debt N. a creditor Adj. dark, dull, drab, dingy S: V. hound, harass, nag

Accrue

V. to grow or accumulate over time; to happen as a natural result S: collect, accumulate, proceed from A: dwindle, decrease, diminish, lessen

pretentious

(adj.) done for show, striving to make a big impression; claiming merit or position unjustifiably; making demands on one's skill or abilities, ambitious synonyms: inflated, ostentatious, affected antonyms: unassuming, unaffected, modest ** think about Hannah. P**

pernicious

(adj.) extremely harmful; deadly, fatal Synonyms: injurious, deleterious, baleful, noxious Antonyms: harmless, innocuous, salutary, salubrious

corpulent

(adj.) fat; having a large, bulky body Synonyms: overweight, heavy, obese, stout, portly Antonyms: slender, lean, spare, gaunt, emaciated

grandiose

(adj.) grand in an impressive or stately way; marked by pompous affectation or grandeur, absurdly exaggerated Synonyms: majestic, bombastic, highfalutin Antonyms: simple, modest, humble

perceptive

(adj.) having sympathetic insight or understanding, capable of keen appreciation Synonyms: insightful, discerning, observant Antonyms: dense, thick, obtuse, dim-witted

florid

(adj.) highly colored, reddish; excessively ornate, showy Synonyms: flushed, ruddy, flowery, frilly, flamboyant Antonyms: pale, ashen, pallid, sallow, austere, stark

intemperate

(adj.) immoderate, lacking in self-control; inclement Synonyms: excessive, extreme, unrestrained, inordinate Antonyms: moderate, restrained, cool and collected

dispassionate

(adj.) impartial; calm, free from emotion Synonyms: unbiased, disinterest, cool, detached Antonyms: committed, engaged, partial, biased

torpid

(adj.) inactive, sluggish, dull synonyms: sluggish, lethargic, otiose, languid antonyms: energetic, dynamic, vigorous

squeamish

(adj.) inclined to nausea; easily shocked or upset; excessively fastidious or refined Synonyms: nauseated, queasy, delicate, oversensitive, priggish

redoubtable

(adj.) inspiring fear or awe; illustrious, eminent Synonyms: formidable, august Antonyms: laughable, risible

salient

(adj.) leaping, jumping, or springing forth; prominent, standing out, conspicuous; (n.) a projection or bulge, a land form that projects upward or outward Synonyms: (adj.) striking, notable, protrusive, obvious Antonyms: (adj.) inconspicuous, recessive

contingent

(adj.) likely but not certain to happen, possible; dependent on uncertain events or conditions; happening by chance; (n.) a representative group forming part of a larger body Synonyms: (adj.) conditional, dependent; (n.) a detachment Antonyms: (adj.) independent of, unconnected with, certain

ignoble

(adj.) mean, low, base Synonyms: inferior, unworthy, sordid Antonyms: admirable, praiseworthy, lofty, noble

abstemious

(adj.) moderate, sparing (as in eating and drinking); characterized by abstinence and self-discipline Synonyms: temperate, sober, moderate Antonyms: indulgent, immoderate, intemperate

vulnerable

(adj.) open to attack; capable of being wounded or damaged; unprotected Synonyms: defenseless, unguarded Antonyms: invincible, protected, safe, secure

cadaverous

(adj.) pale, gaunt, resembling a corpse Synonyms: corpselike, wasted, haggard, emaciated, ghastly Antonyms: robust, portly, rosy, the picture of health

discursive

(adj.) passing aimlessly from one place or subject to another, rambling, roving, nomadic Synonyms: digressive, diffuse, wandering, episodic Antonyms: short and to the point, succinct

beneficent

(adj.) performing acts of kindness or charity; conferring benefits, doing good Synonyms: humanitarian, magnanimous, charitable Antonyms: selfish, cruel, harmful, deletorious

dowdy

(adj.) poorly dressed, shabby; lacking smartness and good taste Synonyms: frumpy, tacky, frowsy, drab Antonyms: chic, stylish, elegant, fashionable

bovine

(adj.) resembling a cow or ox; sluggish, unresponsive Synonyms: stolid, dull, slow, stupid Antonyms: sharp, bright, keen, quick

austere

(adj.) severe or stern in manner; without adornment or luxury, simple, plain; harsh or sour in flavor Synonyms: forbidding, rigorous, puritanical, ascetic, unadorned Antonyms: mild, indulgent, luxurious, flamboyant

astute

(adj.) shrewd, crafty, showing practical wisdom synonyms: shrewd, acute, sagacious, judicious, wily antonyms: obtuse, doltish, empty-headed, dumb

acrimonious

(adj.) stinging, bitter in temper or tone Synonyms: biting, rancorous, hostile, peevish Antonyms: gentle, warm, mild, cordial

stalwart

(adj.) strong and sturdy; brave; resolute; (n.) a brave, strong person; a strong supporter; one who takes an uncompromising position Synonyms: (adj.) sturdy, stout, intrepid, valiant; (n.) mainstay Antonyms: (adj.) weak, infirm, irresolute, vacillating

subservient

(adj.) subordinate in capacity or role; submissively obedient; serving to promote some end Synonyms: secondary, servile, obsequious, useful Antonyms: primary, principal, bossy, domineering

inconsequential

(adj.) trifling, unimportant Synonyms: trivial, negligible, paltry Antonyms: important, essential, crucial

irresolute

(adj.) unable to make up one's mind, hesitating synonyms: indecisive, vacillating, wavering antonyms: determined, decisive, unwavering

slovenly

(adj.) untidy, dirty, careless synonyms: unkempt, slatternly, slipshod, lax antonyms: neat, tidy, careful, meticulous

evanescent

(adj.) vanishing, soon passing away; light and airy synonyms: ephemeral, transient, transitory antonyms: everlasting, immortal, imperishable

punctilious

(adj.) very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette or propriety Synonyms: precise, scrupulous Antonyms: careless, perfunctory

infraction

(n.) a breaking of a law or obligation Synonyms: violation, transgression, offense

avarice

(n.) a greedy desire, particularly for wealth synonyms: cupidity, rapacity, acquisitiveness

gauntlet

(n.) an armored or protective glove; a challenge; two lines of men armed with weapons with which to beat a person forced to run between them; an ordeal Synonyms: dare, provocation, trial, punishment

denizen

(n.) an inhabitant, resident; one who frequents a place Synonyms: resident, dweller, habitue Antonyms: alien, outsider, stranger, foreigner

anathema

(n.) an object of intense dislike; a curse or strong denunciation (often used adjectivally without the article) synonyms: malediction, imprecation, abomination antonyms: benediction, blessing

heresy

(n.) an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred Synonyms: unorthodox, belief, heterodoxy Antonym: orthodoxy

dissension

(n.) disagreement, sharp difference of opinion Synonyms: strife, discord, contention Antonyms: agreement, accord, harmony

consternation

(n.) dismay, confusion Synonyms: shock, amazement, bewilderment, dismay Antonyms: calm, composure, aplomb

penury

(n.) extreme poverty; barrenness, insufficiency synonyms: destitution, want, indigence antonyms: affluence, abundance, luxury, opulence

perfidy

(n.) faithlessness, treachery Synonyms: betrayal, disloyalty, treason Antonyms: faithfulness, loyalty, steadfastness

odium

(n.) hatred, contempt; disgrace of infamy resulting from hateful conduct Synonyms: abhorrence, opprobrium, shame, ignominy Antonyms: esteem, admiration, approbation

novice

(n.) one who is just a beginner at some activity requiring skill and experience (also used adjectivally) synonyms: neophyte, tyro, trainee, apprentice antonyms: veteran, past master, pro, expert

adulation

(n.) praise or flattery that is excessive synonyms: adoration, idolization, hero-worship antonyms: ridicule, derision, scorn, odium

impugn

(v.) to call into question; to attack as false Synonyms: challenge, deny, dispute, query, question Antonyms: confirm, prove, verify, validate

dissipate

(v.) to cause to disappear; to scatter, dispel; to spend foolishly, squander; to be extravagant in pursuit of pleasure Synonyms: disperse, strew, diffuse, waste Antonyms: gather, collect, conserve, husband

desecrate

(v.) to commit sacrilege upon, treat irreverently; to contaminate, pollute Synonyms: profane, defile, violate Antonyms: revere, venerate, consecrate