VTNE Clinical Laboratory Review
With respect to immunology, tolerance means A. the number of white blood cells that respond, expressed as a percentage B. a blistering of the skin C. inflammation on the upper respiratory tract D. the lack of responsiveness by the immune system
D. the lack of responsiveness by the immune system
For cytologic evaluation of urine, which of the following conditions should be observed? A. the specimen should be refrigerated as soon as possible B. the specimen should be contrifuged as soon as possible C. the specimen may sit at room temperature for up to 6 hours D. the specimen may be frozen for later analysis
D. the specimen may be frozen for later analysis
When referring to the alteration of bilirubin in the liver, the verb conjugation means A. to break apart in equal parts B. to precipitate C. to become pigmented D. to join together
D. to join together
It is most difficult to find antimicrobials for A. molds B. bacteria C. rickettsia D. viruses
D. viruses
Which of the RBC indices indicates cell size? A. MCH B. MCHC C. MCV D. MPV
C. MCV
An anomaly may be defined as A. the breakage of two chromosomes resulting in repair in an abnormal arrangment B. all or part of a chromosome is missing C. any deviation from normal D. an alternate form of a gene
C. any deviation from normal
Approximately what % of the total erythrocyte mass is replaced every day in healthy mammals under normal circumstances? A. 1% B. 10% C. 20% D. 30%
A. 1%
Decrease in albumin may occur in A. chronic liver disease B. a carnivorous diet C. gastroenteritis D. a vegetarian diet
A. chronic liver disease
Electrolytes are commonly measured by what method? A. ion specific electrodes B. refractometry C. absorption D. enymatic digestion
A. ion specific electrodes
Staphylococcus aureus A. is catalase positive B. is coagulase negative C. grows in an anaerobic environment only D. is gram negative
A. is catalase positive
Mesothelial cells are cells that A. line the pleural, peritoneal, and visceral surfaces B. are square with sually one round to oval nucleus C. line blood and lymph vessels D. are sqamous with blue to purple oval inclusions
A. line the pleural, peritoneal, and visceral surfaces
What microorganism is an etiologic agent of ringworm? A. microsporum sp. B. mycobacterium sp. C. micrococcus sp. D. moraxella sp.
A. microsporum sp.
ALT is also known as A. AST B. SGPT C. SGOT D. GTT
B. SGPT
MCHC is expressed in A. percent B. g/dL C. mg/dL D. mg/L
B. g/dL
Which of the following is an important function of bacterial flagella? A. attachment B. locomotion C. DNA replication D. ion transport
B. locomotion
Compared to bacteria, fungi A. grow better at alkaline pH B. need less moisture to survive C. Are less resistant to osmotic pressure D. are smaller
B. need less moisture to survive
The average urine specific gravity for a healthy adult cat is A. 1.025 B. 1.030 C. 1.035 D. 1.040
B. 1.030
Which of the following combinations of objective lenses is the best for hematology work? A. 10x, 40x, 50x B. 10x, 40x, 100x C. 40x, 50x, 100x D. 40x, 100x, 150x
B. 10x, 40x, 100x
According to the Punnett square, in a cross of Bb X Bb, the F1 generations will be made up of A. 25% and 75%, or 1:3 B. 25%, 50%, and 25%, or 1:2:1 C. 25%, 25%, 25%, and 25%, or 1:1:1:1 D. 20%, 30%, and 50%, or 1:1:2
B. 25%, 50%, and 25%, or 1:2:1
The species of thsi genus are common contaminants and the causative agent of anthrax A. escherichia B. corynebacterium C. bacillus D. enterobacter
C. bacillus
Which of the following cells are cytplasmic granules that stain blue to blue black and gray blue cytoplasm, often with small vacuoles? A. neutrophil B. small lymphocyte C. basophil D. eosinophil
C. basophil
Undulating fever is a zoonotic disease caused by: A. listeria species B. toxoplasma species C. brucella species D. hemophilus species
C. brucella species
Triplicate soy agar A. contains 25% sheep blood B. is a nutritive media C. is used for observation of bacterial fermentation reactions D. is also called choclate agar plate
B. is a nutritive media
The platelets of what spcies tend to clump easily? A. dogs B. horses C. cats D. cows
C. cats
The best urine sample forculture is a A. bladder expression sample B. metabolism cage collection C. cystocentesis sample D. voided sample
C. cystocentesis sample
Papnicolaou stains are specialized stains used in which of the following procedures? A. red blood cell evaluation B. platelet evaluation C. cytologic evaluation D. parasitic evaluation
C. cytologic evaluation
What deprivation tests should never be performed on patients with: A. high MCV B. suspected sufficient ADH C. dehydration D. suspected tubular malfunction
C. dehydration
Hemolysins A. coagulate blood B. break down fibrin C. destroy red blood cells D. indicate a viral infection
C. destroy red blood cells
The most important laboratory procedure for microbiologic diagnosis is A. incoluation of blood agar B. antimicrobial susceptibility testing C. direct microscopic examination of a specimen D. serologic testing
C. direct microscopic examination of a specimen
What family of bacteria is the largest group of potential pathogens and the most frequently isolated bactera? A. actinomycetacae B. bacteroidacae C. enterobacteriacaeae D. micrococcaceae
C. enterobacteriacaeae
Casts seen in urine sediment are A. mucous threads filled with amorphous sediment B. always significant C. formed in the renal tubules D. artifacts
C. formed in the renal tubules
Lyophilization is A. holding at 72 degree C for 15 seconds B. competitive inhibition C. freeze-drying D. sterility testing
C. freeze-drying
In the name Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus is the A. order B. family C. genus D. species
C. genus
Normal voided urine is clear, except in which of the following species? A. dogs B. cats C. horses D. cows
C. horses
An increased amount of ___ seen on a stined peripheral blood smear is a sign of RBC regeneration A. hypochrmasia B. crenation C. howell jolly bodies D. dohle bodies
C. howell jolly bodies
The type of immunity that is the function of B cells that transform into plasma cells and produce protective proteins, called antibodies against antigens is A. cell mediated B. autoimmunity C. humoral D. anaphylaxis
C. humoral
A prodromal period A. is the time before signs and symptoms appear B. immediately precedes convalescence C. involves early signs and symptoms D. involves acute signs and symptoms
C. involves early signs and stymptoms
IgA A. is a class of antibody that possesses 10 antigen-binding sites B. makes up approximately 80% of the antibody pool in plasma C. is found in body secretions D. is found on lymphocyte membranes
C. is found in body secretions
Dermatophytes test medium A. is used to identify organisms that produce hemolysis B. will grow gram positive organisms only C. is used to identify fungal pathogens D. will grow gram negative organisms only
C. is used to identify fungal pathogens
The presence of protein in the urine may indicate A. acid base imbalance B. hemolytic anemia C. kidney disease D. diabetes mellitus
C. kidney disease
Basophilic stippling may be seen in erythocytes of patients with which of the following pathologic conditions? A. hypersegmented neutrophils B. iron deficiency C. lead poisoning D. vitamin c toxicity
C. lead poisoning
What blood chemistry test is not a test for liver damage? A. ALT B. GGT C. lipase D. bile acids
C. lipase
Monocytes typically have A. segmented nuclei B. band shaped nuclei C. loblar nuclei D. no nuclei
C. loblar nuclei
An attenuated antigen is a ___ antigen A. dead B. multivalent C. modified D. transferred
C. modified
Which of the following cells is usually associated with a chronic infection or inflammation? A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils
C. monocytes
The intermediate host for heartworms is: A. flea B. rodent C. mosquito D. snail
C. mosquito
What cells are phagocytic? A. granulocytes B. lymphocytes C. neutrophils and macrophages D. macrophages and lymphocytes
C. neutrophils and macrophages
Tetanus is considered A. endemic B. contagious C. noncommunicable D. epizoonotic
C. noncommunicable
Which one of these would not affect a manual WBC count? A. condenser in the farthest up position B. length of time that the hemocytometer has been loaded C. objective lens used D. mini clots in the blood
C. objective lense used
What gram negative bacteria may "swarm" a blood agar plate, leaving a film all over the entire surface? A. pseudomonas sp. B. staphylococcus sp. C. proteus sp. D. escherichia coli
C. proteus sp.
The most common portal of entry for microorganisms into the body is: A. skin B. gastrointestinal tract C. respiratory tract D. genitourinary tract
C. respiratory tract
What is the most immatur erythrocyte? A. rubricyte B. metarubricyte C. rubriblast D. reticulocyte
C. rubriblast
The third line of defense against foregin invaders in the body is A. agglutination B. inflammation C. specific immunity D. interferon production
C. specific immunity
Which of these is not a sign of RBC regeneration? A. polychromasia B. nuclear remnants C. spherocytes D. anisocytosis with macrocytosis
C. spherocytes
The humoral immune system involves A. monocytes B. b cells C. T cells D. erythrocytes
C. t cells
If a homozygous polled bull were mated to a heterozygous polled cow, and the gene for horns was an X-linked dominant gene, the expected results would be which of the following? A. 1:2:1, or 25%, 50%, and 25% B. 2:2, or 50% and 50% C. 1:3, or 25% and 75% D. 1:1:1:1, or 25%, 25%, 25%, and 25%
D. 1:1:1:1, or 25%, 25%, 25%, and 25%
The temerature that must be reached in an autoclave to destroy microorganisms is A. 110C B. 121C C. 170C D. 240C
D. 240C
Most bacteria grow best at pH A. 1 B. 3 C. 9 D. 7
D. 7
What percentage of the glomeruli in both kidneys must be nonfunctional before serum chemistry changes indicate renal disease? A. 10% B. 20% C. 50% D. 70%
D. 70%
What percentage of the bodys calcium is in the bone? A. 49% B. 59% C. 79% D. 99%
D. 99%
Avian WBC counts can be determined indirectly by using what Unopette? A. WBC B. platelet C. RBC D. eosinophil
D. eosinophil
Determination of which one of these is useful in the detection of inflammatory processes? A. total protein B. hemtocrit C. RBC morphology D. fibrinogen
D. fibrinogen
Urine crystals are estimated as the average per A. high power field B. low power field C. medium power field D. oil immersion field
B. low power field
IgE A. is a class of antibody that possesses 10 antigen-binding sites B. makes up approximately 80% of the antibody pool in plasma C. is found on lymphocyte membranes D. functions to boost local inflammation reactions
D. functions to boost local inflammation reactions
What is not a type o coccidia? A. isospora B. Toxoplasma C. Cryptosporidium D. giardia
D. giardia
Which of these would not b eassociated with ketones in the urine? A. diabetes mellitus B. lactating cows C. starvation D. hemolysis
D. hemolysis
What immunoglobulin is usually present in greatest quantity? A. igA B. igD C. igE D. igG
D. igG
IgD A. is a class of antibody that possesses 10 antigen-binding sites B. makes up approximately 80% of the antibody pool in plasma C. is found in body secretions D. is found on lymphocyte membranes
D. is found on lymphocyte membranes
Which of the following is considered sterile? A. hair B. skin C. salival D. lower respiratory tract
D. lower respiratory tract
What microorganism is frequently recovered from the ears of dogs with chronic otitis externa? A. candida sp. B. cryptococcus sp. C. microsproum sp. D. malassezia sp.
D. malassezia sp.
Platelet clumping could possibly affect the A. RDW B. PCV C. RBC morphology D. manual WBC count
D. manual WBC count
What order of maturation is correct? A. myeloblast, myelocyte, promyelocyte, metamyelocyte B. myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte C. promyelocyte, metamyelocyte, myelocyte, band D. promyelocyte, myelocyte, band, segmented neutrophil
B. myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte
The first phagocytes to respoind to an infection are A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils
B. neutrophils
What special stain would be used in assessing anemia? A. lactophenol cotton blue B. new methylene blue C. gram stain D. acridine orange
B. new methylene blue
A hospital acquired disease is: A. endemic B. nosocominal C. ergasteric D. iatrogenic
B. nosocomial
Crystals in urine sediment often indicate A. uroliths B. nothing C. inflammatno D. urethral blockage
B. nothing
Which of the following is a gram negative bacterium? A. clostridium B. pasteurella C. staphylococcus D. leptospira
B. pasteurella
Candida albicans may cause many different diseases, especially when there is a predisposing condition such as: A. vegetarian diet B. primary bacterial infection C. prologned analgesic use D. carnivorous diet
B. primary bacterial infection
Hypoglycemia may result from: A. insufficient insulin B. serum remaining on the RBCs too long C. cushings disease D. heavy lactation after giving birth
B. serum remaining on the RBCs too long
Which of the following cells has a high nuclear cytoplasmic ration; coarse, clumped, dark staining chromation; and a sky blue cytoplasm? A. neutrophil B. small lymphocyte C. basophil D. eosinophil
B. small lymphocyte
Selective media grow A. all types of bacteria B. some types of bacteria C. differentiate certain types of bacteria D. gram negative bacteria only
B. some types of bacteria
Finding proglottids around a dog's anus indicates infection with A. flukes B. tapeworms C. pinworms D. hookworms
B. tapeworms
Nonrenal causes of increased levels of urea might include: A. the amount of carbohydrate ingested B. the amount of protein ingested C. insufficient insulin D. insufficient ADH
B. the amount of protein ingested
When T cells are processed in the ___, they develop specific antigen receptors on their cell membranes A. transitional epithelium B. thymus C. terminal ileum D. thyroid
B. thymus
Fibrinogen is considered a part of: A. total plasma albumin B. total plasma protein C. total serum protein D. total serum globulin
B. total plasma protein
Which of these is a primary medium and would be used for initial inoculation of a sample? A. triple sugar iron B. trypticase soy agar with sheeps blood C. citrate D. Urea
B. trypticase soy agar with sheeps blood
Supravital staining is A. use of a stain that has extreme toxicity so that vital processes can be stopped abruptly B. use of a stain that has low toxicity so that the vital process can be studied in live cells C. use of a stain for nuclear material only D. use of a stain for phase contrast microsocpy only
B. use of a stain that has low toxicity so that the vital processes can be studied in live cells
Phagocytes are a type of A. red blood cell B. white blood cell C. platelet D. antibody
B. white blood cell
The species of this genus can cause strangles in horses A. streptococcus B. clostridium C. pseudomonas D. malassezia
A. streptococcus
The average urine specific gravity for a healthy adult dog is A. 1.025 B. 1.035 C. 1.040 D. 1.030
A. 1.025
Plasma is compsed of: A. 90% water and 10% dissolved substances B. 80% water and 20% dissolved substances C. 70% water and 30% dissolved substances D. 60% water and 40% dissolved substances
A. 90% water and 10% dissolved substances
The etiologic agent of lyme disease is A. borrelia burgdorferi B. cornoavirus C. lentivirus D. pasteurella multocida
A. borrelia burgdorferi
A pedigree chart is a A. chart that shows the ancestry of a particular family B. chart that shows the crossing of two independent alleles C. square to show a monohybrid cross D. square to show a dihybrid cross
A. chart that shows the ancestry of a particular family
A non-gram staining bacterium is: A. clostridium B. leptospira C. pseudomonas D. staphylococcus
A. clostridium
Which of the following is a gram positive bacterium? A. clostridium B. pasteurella C. pseudomonas D. salmonella
A. clostridium
A bacterial genus can best be described as A. composed of one or more species B. composed of classes C. composed of families D. belonging to a species
A. composed of one or more species
In appearance, hookworm ova resemble ___ ova. A. strongyle B. whipworm C. roundworm D. pinworm
A. strongyle
Antibody titer is a test that measures A. the level of antibody in serum B. the level of antigenic response C. the level of antibody in a virus D. the level of antigen in a virus
A. the level of antibody in serum
Epistasis is A. the masking of a trait by another trait B. Traits that are due to the interaction of several pairs of alleles C. a cross in which each allele makes a comparable contribution to the trait D. a cross of three alleles over two alternate alleles
A. the masking of a trait by another trait
Smudge cells are A. created while spreading blood for making a blood smear B. seen with papanicolaou stains only C. created during the blood smear staingin process D. specific to species with nucleated RBCs only
A. created while spreading blood for making a blood smear
What are the two diagnostic forms of giardia? A. cysts and trophozoites B. merozoites and schizonts C. oocysts and sporocysts D. ova and L3 larvae
A. cysts and trophozoites
The nonpathogenic gram positive rods found on the skin are A. diphtheroids B. coliforms C. anaerobes D. dermatophyes
A. diphtheroids
Nutritive media will A. grow almost all types of bacteria B. grow only some types of bacteria C. differentiate certain types of bacteria D. grow gram negative bacteria only
A. grow almost all types of bacteria
Epithelia cells in urine are estimated as the average number per A. high power field B. lower power field C. medium power field D. oil immersion field
A. high power field
Creatinine concentrations in serum are influenced by: A. hydration levels B. amylase concentration C. liver disease D. insulin production
A. hydration levels
A left shift refers to increased numbers of A. immature neutrophils B. immature RBCs C. immature platelets D. immature lymphocytes
A. immature neutrophils
To make a smear with anemic blood A. increase the angle of the pusher slide B. decrease the angle of the pusher slide C. use a larger drop of blood D. wait for the drop of blood to partially dry
A. increase the angle of the pusher slide
In a healthy animal, diminished water intake or loss of water would result in ___ urine specific gravity A. increased B. decreased C. isosthenuric D. isotonic
A. increased
With significant dehydration in an otherwise healthy patient which of the following would likely be seen on a urinalysis and CBC? A. increased urine SG and increased PCV B. increased urine SG and decreased PCV C. decreased urine SG and decreased PCV D. decreased urine SG and increased PCV
A. increased urine SG and increased PCV
Fungal culture are A. incubated at room temperature B. incubated in a microaerophilic environment C. Incubated at body temperature D. incubated in anaerobic environment
A. incubated at room temperature
To get the best results, all fecal cultures are A. inoculated onto BAP, CNA, and TSB B. inoculated onto MAC, SS, GN C. Inoculated onto MH, SS, and THIO D. Inoculated onto BAP, MAC, and SS
A. inoculated onto BAP, CNA, and TSB
A plasmid is a A. nonchromosomal, circular strand of bacterial genome B. chromosomal, circular strand of bacterial gnome C. nonchromosomal, circular strand viral particle D. chromosomal, circular strand viral particle
A. nonchromosomal, circular strand of bacterial genome
Reticulocytes on a modified wright stain appear A. polychromatic B. hypochromic C. hyperchromic D. crenated
A. polychromatic
Which of the following is considered a serious primary pathogen in birds, reptiles, and ampibians? A. pseudomonas B. shigella C. staphylococcus D. micrococcus
A. pseudomonas
WBCs in urine sediment may be confused with A. renal epithelial cells B. transitional epithelial cells C. squamous epithelial cells D. caudate epithelial cells
A. renal epithelial cells
Polychromasia in an immature RBC will appear as a ___ on a blood smear stained with new methylene blue A. reticulocyte B. dohle body C. barr body D. schistocyte
A. reticulocyte
Compared to a roundworm ova, coccidia appear A. smaller B. the same size C. twice as large D. three times as large
A. smaller
In the bacterial name Borrelia burgdorferi, what does burgdorferi represent? A. species B. genus C. family D. class
A. species
Amylase acts to break down A. starches and glycogen B. fats and carbohydrates C. fats and starches D. protein and amino acids
A. starches and glycogen
Allergy shots cause A. the suppressor t cell population to increase B. a reduction in the formation if IgG antibodies C. a reduction in the formation if IgE antibodies D. an increase in the b-cell population
A. the suppressor t cell population to increase
What parasite has only the cat as its definitive host? A. toxoplasma gondii B. giardia lamblia C. isospora rivolta D. balantidium coli
A. toxoplasma gondii
Which of the following would be a parenteral route of pathogen transmission? A. transfusion B. contaminated food C. droplet infection D. direct contact
A. transfusion
Which of the following protozoan parasite of cattle causes abortion or fetal resorption? A. tritrichomonas B. eimeria C. giardia D. cryptosporidium
A. tritrichomonas
Which of the following substances used to evalute kidney filtration and function is excreted by the kidneys and up to 40% reabsorbed by the tubules? A. urea B. creatinine C. glucose D. sodium
A. urea
Enterobacteriaceae are found in what part of the body? A. lungs B. intestines C. skin D. stomach
B. intestines
In the gram stain procedure, the mordant is A. crystal violet B. iodine C. alcohol D. safranin
B. iodine
When evaluating the liver of dogs and cats, AST should be evaluated in conjunction with: A. ALT B. lipase C. LDH D. glucose
A. ALT
Horses typically have higher ____ value than other species A. AST B. ALP C. ALT D. GGT
A. AST
Which of the following is an important function of bacterial fimbriae? A. Attachment B. Locomotion C. Ion Transport D. Antibiotic Resistance
A. Attachment
What is the morphology of Vibrio sp. bacteria? A. Bacillus B. Coccus C. Spirochete D. Coccobacillus
A. Bacillus
What media is selective for gram negative bacteria? A. MacConkey B. BAP C. mannitol salt agar D. mueller-hinton agar
A. MacConkey
Females have which of the following sex chromosome designations? A. XX B. YY C. YZ D. XY
A. XX
Leukopenia is A. a decrease in white blood cells B. An increase in white blood cells C. a bone marrow disease D. a type of blood cancer
A. a decrease in white blood cells
A false positive urine glucose reading may result from administartion of: A. acetaminophen B. morphine C. NaCl D. NaOH
A. acetominophen
An iodine scrub on skin would result in A. antisepsis B. disinfection C. fumigation D. sterilization
A. antisepsis
Bacterial endospores A. are resistant to heat and desiccation B. are a form of asexual reproduction C. are a cnsequence of mating D. are highly suseptible to antiseptics
A. are resistant to heat and desiccation
Calcium oxalate crystals A. are seen with ethylene glycol toxicity B. have a characteristic coffin lid appearance C. are seen with hepatic disease D. have three to six sides
A. are seen with ethylene glycol toxicity
Glycosuria exists: A. when blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for absorption of glucose B. When blood glucose levels are lower than the renal threshold for absorption of glucose C. when urine glucose levels are lower than the renal threshold for absorption of glucose D. when urine glucose levels are higher than the serum threshold for absorption of glucose
A. when blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for absorption of glucose
Icteric serum is what color? A. yellow B. red C. brown D. green
A. yellow
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is more prevalent in A. the NE US B. The SE US C. The PNW D. The Rocky Mountains
B. The SE US
The buffy coat in the spun hematocrit tube consists of A. WBCs B. WBCs and platelets C. WBCs and NRBCs D. platlets and NRBCs
B. WBCs and platelets
By definition, an allergen is A. produced in response to an antigen B. a material that invokes an allergic response C. a process of mutation D. serum that contains antibodies
B. a material that invokes an allergic response
Streptococci A. are catalse postive B. are catalase negative C. resemble shooting starts when grown in tube media D. are never hemolytic like staphylococcus
B. are catalase negative
Fat droplets in urine samples are most commonly seen in A. dogs B. cats C. horses D. cows
B. cats
Which of the following substances is a by product of muscle metabolism, produced at a constant rate, and filtered out by the renal glomeruli? A. urea B. creatinine C. glucose D. sodium
B. creatinine
A correction for nucleated red blood cells is done to avoid a falsely A. elevated PCV B. Elevated WBC count C. Decreased PCV D. Decreased WBC count
B. elevated WBC count
Amino acids, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin B6, and the trace metals cobalt and mickel are all required to produce what cell? A. leukocytes B. erythrocytes C. thrombocytes D. plasma cells
B. erythrocytes
A normal gastrointestinal inhabitant in turkeys, chickens, and humans that can cause serious urinary tract infections, diarhea, and tissue infections is A. leptospira sp. B. escherichia coli C. pasteurella multocida D. staphyloccocus intermedius
B. escherichia coli
Which is a lentivirus? A. coronavirus B. feline immunodeficiency virus C. herpes virus D. parvovirus
B. feline immunodeficiency virus
Which of the following is not an electrolyte? A. calcium B. glucose D. phosphorus D. potassium
B. glucose
The catalase and coagulatse tests are used in the presumptive identification of A. gram negative bacteria B. gram positive bactera C. saprophytes D. dermatophytes
B. gram postive bacteria
What color blood collection tube top indicates that heparin is the anticoagulant? A. purple B. green C. blue D. gray
B. green
Types of effector T cells include A. b cells B. helper t cells C. monocytes D. erythrocytes
B. helper T cells
Ruminant ova such as Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, and Cooperia resemble canine A. roundwoms B. hookworms C. tapeworms D. whipworms
B. hookworms
Mucus is normally often seen in ____ urine. A. dog B. horse C. cat D. cow
B. horse
What is the function of interferon? A. destroys toxins B. inhibits viruses C. kills bacteria D. inactivates protozoa
B. inhibits viruses
To separate plasma from the cellular components, blood tubes should be counterbalanced and centrifuged for ___ minutes at ___rpm. A. 2; 1000 B. 5; 1000 C. 10; 2000 D. 15; 2000
C. 10; 2000
When performing urinalysis testing, the sample should be analyzed within ___ minutes or refrigeration is required A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40
C. 30
Blood cells continue to utilize glucose at a rate of ___% to ___% per house if allowed to remain in contact with the serum A. 3;5 B. 5;7 C. 7;10 D. 10;12
C. 7;10
When culturing a swab for bacterial identification, which of the following media should be used? A. TSI, BAP, CAMPY B. EMB, BAP, MAC C. BAP, CNA, MAC D. CNA, TSI, MSA
C. BAP, CNA, MAC
RBCs with multiple, irregularly spaced projections are A. crenated cells B. schistocytes C. acanthocytes D. anisocytes
C. acanthocytes
What is not a method of culturing animal viruses? A. laboratory animal inoculation B. cell culture C. agar plate inoculation D. embryonated egg inoculation
C. agar plate inoculation
Which statement is true regarding circulating leukocytes in a health adult cow? A. always decrease in number during infections B. always decrease in number during inflammations C. always include more than one cell type D. always are phagocytic
C. always include more than one cell type
Bacteria in urine sediment may be confused with A. fat droplets B. sperm C. amorphous phosphate or urates D. calcium carbonate crystals
C. amorphous phosphate or urates
What way of reporting WBC differential results is more useful? A. as percentages B. as relative numbers C. as absolute numbers D. as decimal numbers
C. as absolute numbers
Translocation can be defined as A. a duplication of an allele B. the breakage of two chromosomes, resulting in the exact duplicate of the originals after repair C. the breakage of two chromosomes, resulting in repair in an abnormal arrangement D. a part or all of a chromosome is missing
C. the breakage of two chromosomes, resulting in repair in an abnormal arrangement
Adaptive or specific immunity includes A. naturally occurring stomach acids B. antibodies that an organism is born with that will respond to a variety of substances C. the response of the defense of the body to a specific substance D. lysozyme in tears
C. the response of the defense of the body to a specific substance
Megakaryocytes are the precursor cell to A. metarubricytes B. polychromatic cells C. thrombocytes D. monocytes
C. thrombocytes
Kittens are most liely to get roundworms by what route? A. fecal oral B. transplacental C. transmammary D. skin penetration
C. transmammary
Struvite cystals is another name for A. calcium carbonate crystals B. calcium oxalate crystals C. triple phosphate crystals D. amorphous phosphate crystals
C. triple phosphate crystals
Warts are caused by: A. bacteria B. fungi C. viruses D. protozoa
C. viruese
What laboratory test evaluates kidney function and is a breakdown product of protein? A. glucose B. ALT C. creatinine D. BUN
D. BUN
Which of the following would not be on a urine dip stick? A. glucose B. blood C. total protein D. BUN
D. BUN
Which of the following is a spreading organisms when grown on agar plates? A. Staphylococcus B. Sreptococcus C. Shigella D. Proteus
D. Proteus
A test done to help diagnose hyperthyroidism is: A. LH B. cortisol C. bile acids D. T4
D. T4
Heartowm treatment begins with killing the A. eggs B. infective L3 stage C. microfilariae D. adult worms
D. adult worms
Phagocytosis does not involve A. chemotaxis B. adherence C. ingestion D. antibiosis
D. antibiosis
Hyaline casts A. are granular and contain white blood cells B. are clear and red C. are granular and contain fat D. are clear and colorless
D. are clear and colorless
What urine sediment component would be most significant? A. sperm B. fat droplets C. squamous epithelial cells D. blood cells
D. blood cells
Which of the following bacteria is a gram negative spirochete? A. staphylococcus B. streptococcus C. micrococcus D. campylobacter
D. capylobacter
Sarcinae morphology refers to what kind of bacterial arrangment? A. pairs B. grape like clusters C. groups of four D. cubes of eight
D. cubes of eight
A drop of ___ added to the urine sediment lyses RBCs but not fat droplets A. physiologic saline B. sedi stain C. 3% potassium hydroxide D. dilute acetic acid
D. dilute acetic acid
An increase in unconjugated bilirubin may be a result of: A. either hepatic or posthepatic failure B. either hepatic or biliary failure C. either prehepatic or posthepatic failure D. either hepatic or prehepatic failure
D. either hepatic or prehepatic failure
Outbreeding may be described as which of the following? A. mating of closely related individuals to produce ever-increasing similarities in the offspring B. A mating that is performed to determine the genotype of a particular phenotype C. the crossing of two traits D. matings to other strains to increase the number of heterozygous genes
D. matings to other strains to increase the number of heterozygous genes
The chemical regulator of the cellular immune response is A. vasopressin B. mucin C. interleukin D. mucopolysaccharide
D. mucopolysaccharide
Brown urine most likely contains A. hemoglobin B. bilirubin C. bile pigments D. myoglobin
D. myoglobin
The difference in appearance between small and large stronyle ova in horses is A. size B. shape C. color D. none, they look alike
D. none, they look alike
The roundworm of horses is A. strongylus sp. B. oxyuris sp. C. anoplocephala sp. D. parascaris sp.
D. parascaris sp.
Which of the following ions is a cation? A. bicarbonate B. hydroxide C. chloride D. potassium
D. potassium
Skin scales and infected hair samples are mixed with ___ to dissolve the debris and aid in microscopic examination for fungal elements A. hydrogen peroxide B. acetic acid C. physiologic saline D. potassium hydroxide
D. potassium hydroxide
Toxic netrophils may show large A. blue granules B. black granules C. red granules D. purple granules
D. purple granules
Which of the following tests is not included in a routine CBC? A. total WBC count B. differential WBC count C. total protein D. reticulocyte count
D. reticulocyte count
Gram negative bacteria retain what compound of the gram stain? A. crystla violet B. iodine C. decolorizer D. safranin
D. safranin
The counterstain in the gram stain is A. crystal violet B. methylene blue C. iodine D. safranin
D. safranin
MacConkey agar A. selects for gram positive organisms B. uses crystal blue as a gram negative inhibitor C. differentiates between dextrose and nondextrose fermentor D. selects gram negative organisms
D. selects gram negative organisms
Serology tests can detect hearworms in dogs blood A. immediately after becoming infected B. several days after becoming infected C. several weeks after becoming infected D. several months after becoming infected
D. sevearl months after becoming infected
A route of infection by hookworms that is not shared by roundworms is A. ingestion of infective stage B. transplacental C. transmammary D. skin penetration
D. skin penetration
Calcium oxalate crystals are A. hexagonal B. dak, needle like rods C. brown spheres with long spicules D. small square that contain an X
D. small square that contain an X
What is a common pathogen in mastitis, skin wounds, and abcesses that is also found in the environment? A. proteus vulgaris B. escherichia coli C. streptococcos spp. D. staphylococcus aureus
D. staphylococcus aureus
Cell mediated immunity is the function of ___ that attach to antigenic sites on the surface of foregin cells A. b cells B. small lymphocytes C. plasma cells D. t cells
D. t cells