Web Accessibility Specialist Quiz
True or false: A PDF document must be untagged in order for screen reader users to access the document.
False
Text in SVG images retains its crispness and legibility when magnified.
True
Which of the following HTML elements are deprecated in HTML5? (Select all that apply) A. <applet> B. <span> C. <center> D. <frame> E. <font> F. <div>
A. <applet> C. <center> D. <frame> E. <font>
The most important consideration for designing web content for someone with motor disabilities is the inability to use: A. The hands B. The legs C. The eyes D. The mouth
A. The hands
When is the best time to start working to make a design accessible? A. At the end of a project B. In the early stages of planning C. A little bit at a time throughout the project
B. In the early stages of planning
What are the rules or checklist of items upon which the guidelines of WCAG 2.0 are based? A. Level AAA B. Success Criteria C. Sufficient Techniques D. Advisory Techniques
B. Success Criteria
True or False: Screen readers will interpret color-coded text and announce changes in color.
False
Which of the following ways to incorporate SVGs are considered bad for accessibility? (Select all that apply.) A. <object> B. <svg> C. <img> D. <iframe>
A. <object> D. <iframe>
Who is directly affected by the laws of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in addition to the U.S. federal government? A. All organizations that do business with the federal government B. Everyone seeking to make technologies accessible to people with disabilities C. Anyone who uses the Internet D. All U.S. citizens
A. All organizations that do business with the federal government
In complex tables, each data cell must be explicitly associated with each corresponding header cell by which method? A. scope + header B. id + header C. id + scope D. Merging table cells
B. id + header
The title for a data table should be contained in what element? A. <title> B. <tabletitle> C. <caption> D. <summary> E. <name> F. The first row of the table (the columns of that row should be merged into a single cell)
C. <caption>
Which of the following does NOT represent best practice, in terms of creating a structured outline of the content with headings? A. <h1> <h2> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h2> B. <h1> <h2> <h2> <h2> <h3> <h4> C. <h1> <h3> <h4> <h3> <h4> <h3> D. <h1> <h2>
C. <h1> <h3> <h4> <h3> <h4> <h3>
Which type of disability is the most common? A. Blindness or low vision B. Color blindness C. Auditory disabilities D. Motor disabilities E. Cognitive Disabilities
E. Cognitive Disabilities
What is the official character limit within a heading? A. 256 characters B. 140 characters C. 1024 characters D. It depends on the level of the heading E. There is no official limit
E. There is no official limit
Screen readers announce emphasized text when it is marked with: A. b B. i C. em D. strong E. mark F. The word "Important: " (or similar) in front of the emphasized text G. None of the above H. All of the above
F. The word "Important: " (or similar) in front of the emphasized text
True or False: Layout tables are not permitted by WCAG standards.
False
True or False: Interactive SVG objects must be fully keyboard-accessible.
True
True or False: Screen readers will read the alt text of an image within a heading as part of the heading text.
True
If an <iframe> contains only JavaScript that is not meant to be read by the user, what is the best way to address this <iframe> in terms of accessibility? A. Hide it from screen reader users with aria-hidden="true" B. Hide it with display:none in the CSS C. add aria-describedby="JavaScript only"
A. Hide it from screen reader users with aria-hidden="true"
Which accessibility techniques apply to an image (<img>) that is purely for visual decoration? (Select all that apply) A. It can be given an empty, or null, alt attribute value. B. The image can be assigned ARIA role="presentation". C. The image must be described using the alt attribute. D. The image can be placed in the background using CSS.
A. It can be given an empty, or null, alt attribute value. B. The image can be assigned ARIA role="presentation". D. The image can be placed in the background using CSS.
For someone with low vision, what are ways to make text more readable? (Select all that apply) A. Zoom or magnify text on the screen B. Use synchronized video captions C. Change text and background colors for better contrast D. Use a screen reader
A. Zoom or magnify text on the screen C. Change text and background colors for better contrast D. Use a screen reader
Which of following methods can be used to add programmatically discernible alternative text to an informative background image? A. CSS visibility:hidden on <span> B. CSS clip on <span> C. CSS display:none on <span> D. aria-label on <span>
B. CSS clip on <span> D. aria-label on <span>
If a person types "vegetarian recipes" in a site search, which of the following is the best page title on the search result page? A. Search B. Search results C. Search results for "vegetarian recipes" D. Vegetarian recipes
C. Search results for "vegetarian recipes"
If you want to highlight text on a web page, when is it necessary to add additional text so that screen reader users know the text is important? A. Always B. Never C. When the emphasis in the highlighting changes the meaning of the text
C. When the emphasis in the highlighting changes the meaning of the text
The main navigation menu should: A. Be consistently located B. Be consistently ordered C. Be positioned horizontally D. Include drop-down submenus E. A and B F. All of the above
E. A and B
True or false: Complex tables with merged cells are easy for screen readers to understand, as long as the table has all the necessary accessible markup.
False
True or false: If the <area> elements of an image map have alternative text, then alternative text does not need to be provided for the main <img> element.
False
True or false: Images of text are as accessible as regular text in a web page.
False
True or false: Links can be the same color as the surrounding non-link text as long as an underline appears on mouse hover and on keyboard focus.
False
True or false: Sighted keyboard users can navigate by headings, landmarks, and other semantic features, just like blind screen reader users.
False
Which of the following are recommended ways to emphasize text accessibly (Select all that apply)? A. Add a graphic element with "Important" as its alt text B. Use all capital letters C. Add the word "Important: " in front of the content D. Increase the font size
A. Add a graphic element with "Important" as its alt text C. Add the word "Important: " in front of the content
When assigning alternative text to actionable icon fonts (buttons or links), which technique is most effective? A. Add aria-label to the button or link B. Add hidden text within the button or link using CSS clip assigned to the surrounding span element C. Add text to an alt attribute in the surrounding span element.
A. Add aria-label to the button or link
Which of the following would be the best <title> for a page describing the autocorrect features of a software product called "Tri-coil" by a company named "Bob's Brilliant Software?" A. Autocorrect features in Tri-coil, by Bob's Brilliant Software B. Bob's Brilliant Software: Tri-coil - autocorrect features C. Features D. All of the above are equally good
A. Autocorrect features in Tri-coil, by Bob's Brilliant Software
The Americans with Disabilities Act is an example of which type of accessibility law? A. Civil rights law B. Procurement law C. Industry-specific law D. Administrative law E. Constitutional law
A. Civil rights law
Under most circumstances, the WCAG level most commonly set as the minimum goal is: A. Level A B. Level AA C. Level AAA
AA
What is an effective way to provide alternative text for visual driving directions? A. Describe visually where streets, roads, and bridges are in relation to one another. B. Describe the colors of roads and different areas on the map. C. There is no way to compose alternative text for driving directions. D. Compose text-based directions that include street names, turns, exits, distance, etc.
D. Compose text-based directions that include street names, turns, exits, distance, etc.
If the heading level 1 (<h1>) at the beginning of the main content says "How to hang ten on a surfboard," the most appropriate <title> for the page from among the options below would be: A. How to ride a surfboard B. Surfing tutorial C. Summers in California D. How to hang ten on a surfboard E. An article describing how o hang ten on a surfboard, describing the techniques and circumstances in which it is possible to do it
D. How to hang ten on a surfboard
What is the best way to link the <title> in an <svg> so that screen readers will recognize it as the alternative text? A. aria-label B. aria-describedby C. aria-live D. aria-labelledby
D. aria-labelledby
True or false: If a long description of a complex image is provided using the longdesc attribute, both sighted users and screen reader users can access the description.
False
True or false: Screen readers will recognize the following code as a list: <p>1. First item<br>2. Second item<br>3. Third item</p>
False
True or false: Screen readers can identify the current location within a navigation menu based on the visual styles
False
True or false: Screen readers do not read nested lists (lists within lists) properly.
False
True or False: ARIA was invented to increase screen reader accessibility, especially for interactive scripts.
True
If a page has 3 headings, and an <iframe>, and if the page within the <iframe> has 2 headings, how many headings total will show up in the screen reader's list of headings on the parent page? A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 13
B. 5
Which of the following will be recognized as valid headings by screen readers? (Select all that apply) A. <h1></h1> B. <h1>The desert tortoise</h1> C. <h7>Legal disclaimer</h7> D. <div role="heading" aria-level="3">The secrets beneath the ocean's surface</div> E. <p class="heading level2" style="font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold">Understand yourself</p>
B. <h1>The desert tortoise</h1> D. <div role="heading" aria-level="3">The secrets beneath the ocean's surface</div>
Which of the following methods are acceptable for adding alternative text to <canvas> elements? (Select all that apply.) A. Add text in the alt attribute. B. Add text via aria-label. C. Refer to text via aria-labelledby. D. Add text within the <canvas> element.
B. Add text via aria-label. C. Refer to text via aria-labelledby.
A skip link should (Select all that apply): A. Be placed just before the main navigation menu B. Be placed right after the opening <body> tag C. Be accessible to keyboard-only users D. Be accessible to screen reader users
B. Be placed right after the opening <body> tag C. Be accessible to keyboard-only users D. Be accessible to screen reader users
The alternative text for an image used as a form input must: A. Describe the location of the image. B. Convey the functionality or end result of the form input. C. Describe the look of the input. D. An image used as an input is a decorative image, so it does not need a text alternative.
B. Convey the functionality or end result of the form input.
Who is directly affected by the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)? A. All citizens of Canada B. Every person and organization in the Province of Ontario who provides goods, services, facilities, or employment C. U.S. citizens visiting the Province of Ontario D. Anyone who uses the Internet
B. Every person and organization in the Province of Ontario who provides goods, services, facilities, or employment
What must be done to the <canvas> element if it is used to present an image? A. It must be assigned ARIA role="presentation". B. It must be assigned ARIA role="img". C. Nothing needs to be done to the element. D. It must have an alt attribute.
B. It must be assigned ARIA role="img".
EN 301 549 is an example of which type of accessibility law? A. Civil rights law B. Procurement law C. Industry-specific law D. Administrative law E. Constitutional law
B. Procurement law
The correct way to code a table cell that is a column header cell is: A. <td scope="col"> B. <td scope="column"> C. <th scope="col"> D. <th scope="column">
C. <th scope="col">
In a table with two header cells in the first row ("Male" and "Female"), and with 5 header cells under each of them, the header cells in the first row should be marked as: A. <td scope="colgroup"> B. <td scope="columngroup"> C. <th scope="colgroup"> D. <th scope="columngroup">
C. <th scope="colgroup">
Why is it important that alternative text not exceed about 250 characters? (Select the best answer.) A. Screen readers do not treat alternative text like they text regular text in an HTML document. B. Because all it takes is 250 characters to accurately describe an image. C. If alternative text is longer than 250 characters, the user becomes bored listening to the image description. D. It is not important. Alternative text can exceed 250 characters if that is needed to describe an image.
A. Screen readers do not treat alternative text like they text regular text in an HTML document.
Which statement(s) is/are TRUE about deprecated HTML elements or attributes? (Select all that apply) A. They have been replaced by newer constructs such as CSS B. They are typically structural in nature C. They may cause users to be unable to override the deprecated items with their own style sheets D. They are disallowed by WCAG 2.0 standards E. They are outdated or obsolete
A. They have been replaced by newer constructs such as CSS C. They may cause users to be unable to override the deprecated items with their own style sheets E. They are outdated or obsolete
People who are deafblind access video and audio through: A. Transcripts B. Captions C. Audio Description D. None of the above
A. Transcripts
What will a screen reader say when it comes across code marked as follows? <p>Twin mattress <del>$300</del> <ins>$250</ins>!</p> A. Twin mattress $300 $250! B. Twin mattress deleted $300, inserted $250! C. Twin mattress was $300, now $250!
A. Twin mattress $300 $250!
Which of the following statements are TRUE (Select all that apply) A. Users should be warned if a link opens a new window B. Link text should include words like "link" or "click" so screen reader users know it is a link C. Images alone should not be used as links D. Links with the same text should go to the same place E. Links must be identified by changing the background color behind the text
A. Users should be warned if a link opens a new window D. Links with the same text should go to the same place
Which of the following is true about audio descriptions? A. Audio descriptions describe important visual information through synchronized captions. B. Audio descriptions are not required if there is no audio content. C. Audio descriptions describe important visual information that is not conveyed through a video's audio track. D. Audio descriptions describe important visual information through a transcript.
C. Audio descriptions describe important visual information that is not conveyed through a video's audio track.
True or false: To make a <canvas> element keyboard focusable, use tabindex="1" on the <canvas> element.
False
Effective methods for providing alternative text for simple <canvas> elements include: (Select all that apply.) A. Using the aria-label attribute on the <canvas> element. B. Using the alt attribute on the <canvas> element. C. Providing a description within the <canvas> element and referencing it using the aria-labelledby attribute. D. Providing a description within the <canvas> element.
A. Using the aria-label attribute on the <canvas> element. C. Providing a description within the <canvas> element and referencing it using the aria-labelledby attribute.
The correct way to designate a navigation list as a navigation landmark is: A. Wrap the navigation list in a <nav> container or in a container marked with role="navigation" B. Set role="navigation" on every link in the navigation list, or wrap each link in <nav> elements C. There is no need to add anything to the markup. Screen readers automatically detect navigation lists and announce them to users D. Wrap the navigation list in a <navlist> container
A. Wrap the navigation list in a <nav> container or in a container marked with role="navigation"
One of the main ways to make an <iframe> accessible is to add: A. a title attribute B. an alt attribute C. a name attribute D. a <title> element E. tabindex="0" F. a <label> element
A. a title attribute
What can be used to provide alternative text for SVG <img> elements? (Select all that apply.) A. alt attribute B. aria-owns attribute C. aria-label attribute D. aria-labelledby attribute
A. alt attribute C. aria-label attribute D. aria-labelledby attribute
Which of the following methods could be used to mark the current location within a paginated view? (Select all that apply) A. hidden text B. aria-label C. aria-labelledby D. aria-describedby
A. hidden text B. aria-label C. aria-labelledby D. aria-describedby
Markup is considered well-formed when: (Select all that apply) A. Elements are properly nested B. Content has been spell-checked C. Forms have been validated D. All id attributes are unique E. Elements do not contain duplicate attributes
A. Elements are properly nested D. All id attributes are unique E. Elements do not contain duplicate attributes
What should be done to an <img> element to increase screen reader compatibility when an SVG is used as its source? A. It should be assigned role="img". B. It should be assigned role="region". C. It should be assigned role="presentation". D. Nothing should be done to the <img> element.
A. It should be assigned role="img".
Designing web sites to benefit people with disabilities: A. Also benefits other users of all kinds B. Helps only a small minority of people C. Is extremely difficult to learn how to do, and should be left only to experienced professionals
A. Also benefits other users of all kinds
Why should role="img" be assigned to informative and actionable icon fonts? A. It should be assigned so that screen readers will ignore icon fonts. B. It should be assigned so that icon fonts receive visual focus. C. It should be assigned so that screen readers will recognize icon fonts as an images. D. Icon fonts aren't images, so they don't need to be assigned the role="img".
C. It should be assigned so that screen readers will recognize icon fonts as an images.
Which of the following methods is recommended for decorative or redundant icon fonts? A. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be described using aria-label. B. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be assigned role="img". C. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be assigned an empty, or null, alt attribute. D. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be set to aria-hidden="true".
D. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be set to aria-hidden="true".
Which European mandate is similar to Section 508 in the United States? A. The European Standard for Disability Equality B. EU ADA - European Union Access to Disabilities Act C. EN Section 508 D. EN 301 549: Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) products and services in Europe
D. EN 301 549: Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) products and services in Europe
True or False: WCAG 2.0 level double A (AA) requires headings to be in a valid hierarchy under all circumstances. A heading 4 (<h4>) cannot directly follow a heading 2 (<h2>), for example. The next subheading under the heading 2 (<h2>) MUST be a heading 3 (<h3>).
False
True or false: Alternative text for <video> and <audio> elements can be provided using the alt attribute.
False
Which of the following elements will most screen readers announce to users (in terms of the semantic meaning of the element itself)? A. q B. del C. ins D. mark E. code F. pre G. B and C H. D and E I. All of the above J. None of the above
J. None of the above
True or False: The concept of robust technology compatibility is to support compatibility of web content with current and future user agents — especially assistive technologies.
True
True or false: If a <canvas> element does not specify the background color, when a user enters into Windows High Contrast Mode, the background color of the image will change along with the color of the web page as a whole.
True
True or false: Links must be visually distinguishable from the surrounding non-link text
True
True or false: Links on the same page that go to the same destination should have the same text within the link.
True
True or false: On a so-called single-page application — in which AJAX is used to bring in new content without refreshing or loading the entire web page — any time that the URL changes, the page title should be updated accordingly.
True
True or false: Providing documents in HTML format is preferred over non-HTML documents because of the accessibility features available in HTML.
True
True or false: Screen readers will announce the number of items in a bulleted list if the list is marked up properly.
True
True or false: Using the accessibility API for Silverlight and Flash makes them accessible across all screen readers.
False
Accessibility is best approached as: A. A one-time project with a defined end date B. An ongoing program that requires constant commitment C. A legal hassle
B. An ongoing program that requires constant commitment
What does the JAWS screen reader read with regard to the name/label of an <iframe>? A. The name attribute on the <iframe> element B. The title attribute on the <iframe> element C. The <title> element of the page within the iframe D. The title attribute of the page within the iframe
C. The <title> element of the page within the iframe
Composing alternative text for images is based on: (Select the best answer.) A. The visual characteristics of the image. B. The file name of the image. C. What the author intends to convey with the image. D. It really is not based on anything
C. What the author intends to convey with the image.
Which is NOT an example of assistive technology that helps with using the Internet? A. Screen readers B. Screen magnifiers C. Refreshable braille devices D. Wheelchair E. Mouth stick
D. Wheelchair
True or false: The alt text for an image of a painting can direct users to a longer description of the painting.
True
