Week 6 Check Your Understanding Assignment

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of

alcohol-induced injury

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with

alcoholism

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is

cholecystectomy

Most gallstones are composed of

cholesterol

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from

decreased myoinositol transport

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to

dehydration

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?

Heartburn

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

Helicobacter pylori

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?

More prone to hypotension

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?

Chest pain during meals

What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?

Blood and mucus in the stools

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?

Bloody stools

In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.

29.1 million

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.

Wilson

An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and

absent bowel sound

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is

adhesions

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat

cerebral edema

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of

appendicitis

It is true that Graves disease is

associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

autoimmune hepatitis

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is

being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from

blocked cortisol production

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with

bloody diarrhea

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to

diabetes mellitus

Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected

enterocolitis

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.

fat

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates

functional bowel obstruction

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall

gangrene

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of

gastric ulcer

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is

gastroesophageal varices

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

goiter

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with

hepatitis

A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to

hypocalcemia

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is

hypokalemia

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is

hyponatremia

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by

increasing fiber in the diet

The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis

indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it

inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction

The formation of active vitamin D

is impaired in renal failure

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.

less than 180

Jaundice is a common manifestation of

liver disease

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.

low-protein and high-fiber

It is true that gallstones are

more common in women

Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.

mortality

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to

need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

nonketotic hyperosmolality

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of

octreotide acetate

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of

pancreatitis

A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is

pheochromocytoma

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

portal hypertension

Barrett esophagus is a

preneoplastic lesion

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to

remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

respiratory alkalosis

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

result from decreased serum ionized calcium

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that

results from inadequate ADH secretion

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.

seventh

Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for

sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.

steady and boring

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of

stomatitis

It is true that biliary cancer

tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include

tremor

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is

tremors

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases

water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney

Normal bile is composed of

water, electrolytes, and organic solutes