Week 6 Check Your Understanding Assignment
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with
alcoholism
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is
cholecystectomy
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol
Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from
decreased myoinositol transport
An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to
dehydration
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for
Helicobacter pylori
What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.
29.1 million
________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sound
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
adhesions
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
cerebral edema
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
blocked cortisol production
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
diabetes mellitus
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.
fat
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction
Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall
gangrene
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia
A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is
hypokalemia
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is
insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction
The formation of active vitamin D
is impaired in renal failure
The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.
less than 180
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women
Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.
mortality
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
pancreatitis
A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is
pheochromocytoma
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to
portal hypertension
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
results from inadequate ADH secretion
Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.
seventh
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.
steady and boring
A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of
stomatitis
It is true that biliary cancer
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
tremor
A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is
tremors
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney
Normal bile is composed of
water, electrolytes, and organic solutes