western civ all quizes
Canada largely gained its independence through which of the following acts?
1867 with the Dominion of Canada Act
The Soviet launch of Sputnik occurred in which of the following years?
1957
During the worst year of the depression, 1932, German unemployment stood at what level?
45 percent of the workforce
In a sincere effort to reform his domains typical of enlightened rulers, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued which of the following?
6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws
By 1914, what percentage of Britain's population lived in cities?
80 percent
What percentage of the Jewish population of Poland, the Baltic countries, and Germany were murdered in death camps?
90
Which of the following is the best description of global warming?
A buildup of greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide caused by emissions, which raises the global mean temperature of the earth, increasingly affecting its natural systems
By the 1980s, Soviet problems included all EXCEPT which of the following?
A collapse of the space exploration program
A transnational corporation is defined as which of the following?
A company that has divisions in more than two countries
Artistic and intellectual trends in the interwar years reflected which of the following?
A disillusionment with Western civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I
Which of the following was a key political consequence of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867?
A large increase in the number of voters and tighter organization of Liberal and Conservative political parties
The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in which of the following?
A new French empire under Louis Napoleon
Following Germany's failure to pay its war reparations, France occupied Germany's Ruhr valley, resulting in which of the following?
A policy of passive resistance by the German government and German resort to printing money to pay war debts
The Schlieffen Plan was designed to prevent which of the following?
A prolonged two-front war with Germany on the defensive
The Romantic movement is best viewed as which of the following?
A reaction against the Enlightenment's preoccupation with reason
New European attitudes toward children are made visible in all EXCEPT which of the following?
A reinforcement of the custom of primogeniture
Women who worked in the early factories of the Industrial Revolution experienced which of the following?
A significant transformation in female working patterns
The austerity measures put into place in the wake of the global financial crisis resulted in all EXCEPT which of the following?
A speedy economic recovery for Europe and the United States
In late nineteenth-century Europe, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to which of the following?
A strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations
On July 4, 1776, the delegates of the Second Continental Congress voted to officially begin which of the following?
A system of government that was not dependent on Britain's constitution
During the eighteenth century, Spain experienced which of the following?
A temporary rejuvenation by the reforms of Philip V
Who murdered Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, and what did this act represent?
A terrorist organization, signaling that a new global threat was emerging
The collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2007-2008 led to which of the following?
A worldwide recession that hit many of the world's poorest areas the hardest
The resignation of Antonín Novotný in Czechoslovakia was precipitated by which of the following?
A writers' rebellion
Which of the following traditions is most essential to liberal democracy's success in the world today?
Active participation in the political process
How did Truman and his Western European allies respond to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948?
Airlifting supplies into Berlin
Although France granted full independence to Morocco and Tunisia in 1956, where did it attempt to retain its dominion?
Algeria
Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning which of the following?
All progress is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements.
How are Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries best described?
Although they were readily accepted in his own country, they were resisted on the continent.
The Bolshevik takeover in November 1917 could best be described as which of the following?
An armed takeover of the capital
The Dada movement in art was known for all EXCEPT which of the following?
An effort to put a clear sense of purpose and ambition back into art and life
Which of the following was central to the liberal ideology in the nineteenth century?
An emphasis on individual freedom
The development of trench warfare in France was characterized by which of the following?
An increase in the reliance upon artillery, heavy weapons, and entanglements to defend complex, static positions
Efforts to maintain European peace following World War I included which of the following?
An inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente
Which of the following artists was a Neo-Expressionist?
Anselm Kiefer
The Pan-German League advocated which of the following?
Anti-liberal policies, including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home
How are Squadristi in Italy best described?
Armed bands of Fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies
People living during the Stalinist era in the 1930s experienced which of the following?
Arrests of millions of ordinary citizens, who were sent into forced labor camps
The greatest achievements in science during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries came in which of the following three areas?
Astronomy, medicine, and mechanics
In addition to examining everyday life, the literary Realists of the mid-nineteenth century were also interested in which of the following?
Avoiding sentimental language by using careful observation and description
Napoleon met his final defeat at which of the following battles?
Battle of Waterloo
The Industrial Revolution on the Continent first occurred between 1815 and 1850 in which of the following countries?
Belgium
The most successful nationalistic European revolution in 1830 was in which of the following countries?
Belgium
Which of the following countries was NOT an original member of the European Coal and Steel Community?
Britain
Which of the following was a key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the eighteenth century?
Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of interest
Which of the following was the most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America?
British naval power
How did Paracelsus revolutionize the world of medicine in the sixteenth century?
By advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine
How did Tycho Brahe contribute to the advance of astronomy?
By making accurate observations of the planets
Pugachev's rebellion broke out after which of the following?
Catherine the Great's policies worsened conditions for the peasantry
The "open door" policy was to allow more freedom of trade in so-called spheres of influence in which of the following countries?
China
Steam engines were powered by which of the following fuels?
Coal
Which of the following is NOT a reason that owners of cotton factories employed children?
Compulsory education from age five to age eight meant they could follow written instructions from factory supervisors.
Which of the following guiding strategic principles heavily informed most U.S. policy toward communism since 1947?
Containment
Allied bombing raids on German civilians had what effect?
Contrary to expectations, they produced stubborn resistance from the German people.
By the end of the eighteenth century, which of the following trends was discernible?
Corporal and capital punishment were on the decline.
Given its premise, Existentialism urged people to do which of the following?
Create their own values and give their own lives meaning by living according to those values.
The so-called permissive society of the 1960s was characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?
Declining rates of divorce
Yugoslavia was divided into warring factions because of which of the following reasons?
Demands for ethnically distinct provinces
Which one of the following was NOT a part of the emergence of the late nineteenth-century mass society?
Diminishment of the conditions of the lower classes
The special legal privileges of the European nobility included all EXCEPT which of the following?
Dividends from state revenues
The doctrine that eased Cold War tensions in the 1970s is known as which of the following?
Détente
Emigration from Europe was spurred by which of the following?
Economic opportunities in the Americas
What type of new energy source powered the Second Industrial Revolution?
Electricity
Pope Leo XIII responded to modern ideas in all EXCEPT which of the following ways?
Embracing Marxist socialism
Which of the following was the "blank check" effect?
Encouraging Austria of Germany's support in any attack on Serbia
The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by which of the following?
Entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guaranteed which of the following?
Equality under the law for all French men
The East German leader Erich Honecker was most noted for which of the following?
Establishing a virtual dictatorship by using the Stasi or secret police in the 1970s and 1980s
Efforts at industrial reform in the 1830s and 1840s in Great Britain achieved all EXCEPT which of the following?
Establishment of a national system of trade unions by 1847
All were accomplished by the National/Constituent Assembly EXCEPT which of the following?
Establishment of seigneurial rights throughout the country
Industrialization in Japan was the result of which of the following?
European colonization
Economically, World War I resulted in which of the following?
European governments gradually took full control of all aspects of their economies.
Although the war is called a world war, it did not involve the colonial possessions of the European nations.
False
China played an important part in the war when they invaded India.
False
Fortunately the Seven Years War was limited to primarily military casualties with very few civilian deaths.
False
King Leopold of Belgium controlled the Congo region of central Africa and is remembered as a good and enlightened ruler.
False
Prussian soldiers were not very well trained and were fortunate to win battles because they always outnumbered their opponent.
False
The Berlin Conference of 1885 was held to create a government for Africa so Africans could learn to govern themselves.
False
The Seven Years War was only fought on the European continent.
False
The Suez Canal was of little value in establishing a trade route because it was too shallow for oceanliners.
False
The assassination of the German prince, Frances Ferdinand was the beginning of the road to WWI.
False
The earliest European explorers to go around the coast of Africa were the Dutch who established a trading colony.
False
When the German army invaded Belgium, the USA entered the war against Germany.
False
Which of the following statements best applies to urban life in the early nineteenth century?
Filthy sanitary conditions were exacerbated by the city authorities' slow response to take responsibility for public health.
The chief argument between Truman and Stalin at Potsdam in July of 1945 was over which of the following?
Free elections in Eastern Europe
The Bill of Rights ratified by the new United States guaranteed which of the following?
Freedom of religion
The Red Shirts fought for whom?
Garibaldi
Who among the following was the romantic nationalist who challenged Cavour for control of southern Italy?
Garibaldi
Which of the following describes a reason why the American colonists won their war for independence?
Generous military and financial aid from various European states, especially France
In 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war on whose side?
Germany
Which state had the most successful socialist party in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century?
Germany
War broke out between Russia and Germany in 1941 after which of the following events?
Germany launched a surprise attack on Russia.
Which figure was most important to the development of an early computer and the inventor of the computer language COBOL?
Grace Hopper
Which of the following Progressive-era laws went into effect during Woodrow Wilson's tenure as president in the United States?
Graduated federal income tax
The Triple Entente before 1914 included which of the following countries?
Great Britain, France, Russia
What position did Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement, take?
He advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke made which of the following arguments?
He condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of the French Revolution.
In 1956 in Poland, Wladyslaw Gomulka rose to fame for which of the following reasons?
He declared his nation's right to follow its own socialist path.
All of the following are true of Pope John Paul II EXCEPT which one?
He held liberal views on birth control and women in the priesthood.
As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck followed which of the following policies?
He largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization.
Which of the following is true of Johann Sebastian Bach?
He produced religious music as a way to worship God
Which of the following statements best applies to Thomas Macaulay's thoughts on reform in Britain?
He supported reforms as a means of preventing more radical revolutionary movements.
As president of France, how is Charles de Gaulle's position in the Cold War best described?
He tried to make France the "third" nuclear power and pursue a largely independent political course.
As a statesman, how can Bismarck be best described?
He was an opportunist capitalizing on unexpected events and manipulating affairs to his favor.
Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon?
He was both a child of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.
A rise in female prostitution in European cities during the later nineteenth century can best be attributed to which of the following?
Heavy migration to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival
Joseph Stalin's emergence as leader of the Communist party was aided by which of the following?
His position as general secretary of the Bolshevik party
All of the following led to decline in George W. Bush's popularity by his second term as president EXCEPT which one?
His strong support for environmental programs that were opposed by major business interests
Which of the following statements best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?
His theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival.
During the Second Industrial Revolution, working-class organizations increasingly viewed women as "naturally" suited for which role primarily?
Housewives
James Watt was vital to the Industrial Revolution for which of the following inventions?
How is Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century best described?
Which of the following decisions made early in the war by Adolf Hitler probably made the defeat of Germany inevitable?
Immediately declaring war on the United States after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on which of the following?
Inductive reasoning
All are correct about trade and commerce in the eighteenth century EXCEPT which of the following?
International trade had become greater than trade within Europe.
Which of the following best describes why the steam engine was so important to the development of industry?
It allowed renewable sources of energy, like water, to be used to power production.
How is Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man best described?
It argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time.
Following the death of Alexander I in 1825, Russian society under Nicholas I experienced which of the following changes?
It became a police state, as the czar feared both internal and external revolutionary upheavals.
During the seventeenth century, what happened to royal and princely patronage of science?
It became an international phenomenon.
How is the work of Blaise Pascal best described?
It believed that reason had limitations
At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire experienced which of the following fates?
It broke apart into independent nation-states.
The Congress of Vienna led to which of the following results?
It created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
How is Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland best described?
It demonstrated the application of the principle of legitimacy.
During its period of dominance in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain's Tory government did which of the following?
It enacted policies that sparked mass protests, including the Peterloo Massacre of 1819.
How did the French Academy differ from the English Royal Society?
It enjoyed abundant government support and control.
How is Mazzini's risorgimento best described?
It failed due to opposition of the French, the Austrians, and the pope.
Which of the following was the outcome of the 1848 Frankfurt Assembly?
It failed in its attempt to create a united Germany.
Giuseppe Mazzini's nationalist organization, Young Italy, achieved which of the following outcomes?
It failed to achieve his goal of "resurgence" by 1849.
How did the United States Senate respond to the treaty of Versailles and the formation of the League of Nations?
It failed to ratify the treaty and refused to join the League.
How did the Catholic Church respond to Galileo and his ideas?
It forced Galileo to recant them in a trial before the Inquisition.
Which of the following was the result of the Treaty of Versailles?
It forced Germany to acknowledge "war guilt" and to pay reparations for its alleged wartime aggression.
What was the overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes?
It generated facts about differences between men and women that were used to prove male dominance.
After the Congress of Vienna, how is Italy best described?
It had been divided into nine states, subject to the domination of other European powers.
Why was the development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution so important to Britain?
It increased British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.
Between 1850 and 1910, what happened to the European population?
It increased from 270 million to 460 million.
How is the government of the Directory in the period of the Thermidorean Reaction best described?
It increasingly had to rely on military support for its survival.
How is the Baroque-Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century best described?
It is evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann.
The October Manifesto of Nicholas II had which of the following effects?
It led to the creation a legislative assembly known as the Duma.
How is France in eighteenth century best described?
It lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt.
How is the turning point of the North African campaign best described?
It occurred at El Alamein, where the British stopped Rommel in the summer of 1942.
For what reason did Copernicus support the sun-centered model of the universe?
It offered a simpler and more accurate explanation for the observed motions of heavenly bodies.
In regard to the Catholic Church, the National Assembly adopted which of the following policies?
It passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen.
How did the American Revolution affect Europeans?
It proved that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be realized politically.
The 1975 Helsinki Agreements saw which of the following outcomes?
It recognized all borders in central and Eastern Europe established since World War II.
How is the so-called American System best described?
It reduced costs and revolutionized production through labor-saving innovations in manufacturing.
The July Ordinances of Charles X in 1830 resulted in which of the following?
It reduced the French electorate and imposed rigid censorship of the press.
How is the First International best described?
It served as a type of umbrella organization for all European labor interests.
How is the dismemberment of Poland in the late eighteenth century best described?
It showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period.
Following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk, France followed which of the following policies?
It soon surrendered, and the Vichy government was set up as a German puppet state.
To advance the cause of women's suffrage, what strategy did the Women's Social and Political Union follow?
It took a radical, public, and well-publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs.
How is the trade union movement prior to World War I best described?
It varied from country to country but was generally allied with socialist parties.
How is the Great Leap Forward best described?
It was Mao Zedong's effort to achieve a classless society and the final stage of communism.
How is the Encyclopedia best described?
It was a 28-volume compilation of articles by many influential philosophers.
Which of the following statements about the American Civil War (1861-1865) is true?
It was a clear precursor of "total war" in the twentieth century.
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?
It was a major turning point that represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge.
How is urbanization in the first half of the nineteenth century best described?
It was a phenomenon directly tied to industrialization.
How is "Strength through Joy" best described?
It was a productivity program that monitored and homogenized the leisure time of the German workers.
According to The Social Contract, how is the "general will" best described?
It was a social consensus to which the individual must bow.
How is the problem of poverty in eighteenth-century Europe best described?
It was aggravated by the hostile feelings of government officials toward the poor.
How is the Common Market best described?
It was founded for economic reasons, including to promote free trade among member nations.
Which of the following best describes the origins of ISIS/ISIL?
It was originally a branch of al-Qaeda operating against the U.S. occupation of Iraq in the early 2010s.
How is the Solidarity movement in Poland best described?
It was outlawed in 1981 and its leaders arrested.
Following World War II, India experienced which fate?
It was partitioned into two new countries: one predominantly Hindu and the other mostly Muslim.
During the eighteenth century, what fate did the idea of divine right enjoy?
It was replaced by the idea of "enlightened absolutism" justified by utilitarian arguments.
How is Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century best described?
It was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.
How is European diplomacy during the eighteenth century best described?
It was shaped by the attempt to prevent one state from dominating the others.
How is the Zollverein best described?
It was the German states' customs union dominated by Prussia.
How is the Second Battle of the Marne best described?
It was the end of Germany's final, futile effort to win the war.
Why is the Battle of Midway considered the turning point of the war?
It was the first major battle in which the United States used ships repaired after the Pearl Harbor attack.
Which one of the following did NOT occur after Hitler's unilateral 1935 announcement of German rearmament?
Italy praised Germany and counseled more such behavior in the future.
Who among the following took the position that individuals would be forced to be free if they did not obey the general will?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which of the following created three laws of planetary motion that helped disprove the basic structure of the Ptolemaic system?
Johannes Kepler
Who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna?
Klemens von Metternich
Which of the following were major themes/subjects of Romantic artists?
Landscapes and depictions of nature
Donald Trump's administration quickly discarded all EXCEPT which of the following long-standing principles of U.S. foreign policy?
Leadership roles in international organizations like NATO and efforts to fight climate change
Internal opposition to the war in European nations came largely from which group?
Liberals and socialists appalled by the scale of human slaughter
European warfare in the eighteenth century was characterized by which of the following?
Limited objectives and elaborate maneuvers
After Napoleon's rule ended, the nations of Europe restored the French monarchy with this king:
Louis XVIII
The Third Estate was composed of all EXCEPT which of the following?
Lower aristocrats
The growth of reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by the development of which of the following?
Magazines for the general public
Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to whose experimental work?
Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation
Who among the following was the English writer who argued in A Serious Proposal to the Ladies that women should become better educated?
Mary Astell
The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by who among the following?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which of the following Cold War policies was adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration?
Massive retaliation
The belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideal was simply a result of physical forces is known as which of the following?
Materialism
Real wages for British laborers between 1850 and 1870 increased by how much?
More than 25 percent
Which of the following is NOT true of the French revolutionary republican calendar?
Most Christian holidays were kept.
Among nineteenth-century European political movements, which of the following was the most responsible for triggering World War I?
Nationalism
Which of the following is central to relativity theory?
Neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer.
In the Nazi New Order, the Germans established a civil administration (instead of a military government) in which of the following states?
Norway
Eighteenth-century writers, especially in England, used which of the following new forms of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers?
Novels
As one measure of the French crown's terrible financial predicament, by 1788 the interest payments on the state debt alone amounted to which of the following?
One-half of all government spending
Which of the following issues united the postwar Arab states?
Palestinian resistance to Israeli occupation
By 1824, which one of the following Latin American states had NOT become independent?
Panama
Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all EXCEPT which of the following?
Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise
Which of the following was among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George?
Passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers
During the 1760s, British policy makers sought to raise revenues from the American colonies for which of the following purposes?
Paying for the expenses of the British army in its defense of the colonies
Sixty percent of the victims of the Reign of Terror were from which of the following social orders?
Peasant and laboring classes
The largest segment of European society in the nineteenth century was composed of which of the following groups?
Peasant landholders, unskilled day laborers, and domestic servants
Culture in Nazi Germany centered around which of the following?
Petty-bourgeois art, with sentimental and realistic scenes glorifying strong, heroic Aryans
Postmodernism in art could include all EXCEPT which of the following?
Photorealism
As public morale and support for the war ebbed, what was the result?
Police powers were expanded across Europe to include the arrest of all dissenters as traitors to the state.
Which major issue has troubled Italian society in the 2000s and 2010s?
Political corruption
The growth of Mussolini's Fascist movement was aided by which of the following?
Popular, nationalistic resentment toward Italy's treatment following World War I
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one that has which feature?
Power is divided between the three branches of government.
Which of the following best describes Blitzkrieg doctrine?
Powerful armored columns supported by air power punched small holes in an enemy's front lines, attacking the rear, causing panic, and encircling large numbers of enemy troops trying to retreat.
Which of the following was the chief accomplishment of the National Convention?
Preservation of the revolution from being destroyed by foreign enemies
To keep their industrial monopoly, Britain attempted to do which of the following?
Prohibit industrial artisans from going abroad
Rousseau's influential novel, Émile, deals with which of the following key Enlightenment themes?
Proper child rearing and human education
How is the punishment of crime in the eighteenth century best described?
Public and very gruesome
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of which institution or practice?
Religious intolerance
Which of the following methods was often employed to make the many very young boys and girls working in new British industries obey the owner's factory discipline?
Repeated beatings
The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 after which of the following events?
Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops.
Which American president led efforts to maintain a Vietnam-like war in Afghanistan by aiding anti-Soviet insurgents?
Ronald Reagan
England and France entered the Crimean War in 1854 because they feared which state's growing influence in the Mediterranean?
Russia
In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in which country?
Russia
Lenin's "April Theses" contained which of the following arguments?
Russia's movement toward socialism followed a uniquely Russian path that allowed it to avoid a bourgeois revolution.
Who among the following was the most famous of the Surrealistic painters?
Salvador Dali
Bismarck goaded the Austrians into war in 1866 with the occupation of which of the following regions?
Schleswig-Holstein
In reaction to significant elements of rationalism and deism, in which two countries did some ordinary Protestant churchgoers choose new religious movements?
Scotland and Ireland
Hitler's "Diplomatic Revolution" between 1933 and 1936 included all EXCEPT which of the following?
Seizing leadership of the League of Nations in 1933
The rivalry between Russia and Austria-Hungary for domination of the new states in southeastern Europe played out largely through a conflict involving which of the following states?
Serbia
Which major trend in music since World War II was best expressed in the works of Olivier Messiaen?
Serialism
How did Maria Montessori exemplify the "new woman" of modern times?
She obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.
Who was Maria Winkelmann?
She was a German astronomer.
The War of Austrian Succession began in 1740 when Prussia attacked which of the following Habsburg provinces?
Silesia
Who among the following was long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America?
Simón Bolívar
Student protests in Europe backfired to an extent in what way?
Some people detested what they saw as the lawlessness of privileged students who had time to protest for days on end.
Historians generally agree that the Industrial Revolution began during which of the following periods?
Sometime after 1750
After his election to the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon pursued a "southern strategy" by creating policies designed to appeal to whom among the following?
Southern whites
In 1936, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union signed a nonintervention agreement that declared they would not get involved in the Civil War that had erupted in which of the following countries?
Spain
How are the Nazi Einsatzgruppen best described?
Special strike forces used in Eastern Europe that proceeded to round up and kill Jewish men, women, and children
The Second Industrial Revolution saw the advent of which new product?
Steel
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems was chiefly an attempt to do which of the following?
Support Copernicus through a publication in Italian accessible to a wide audience
Which of the following art movements was NOT prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?
Surrealism
The French diplomat who switched sides after the Revolution and was influential in European politics to benefit France.
Tallyrand
Which of the following includes challenges facing the European Union in the twenty-first century?
That many Europeans remain committed to a national identity and do not see themselves as "Europeans"
By the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups had emerged as labor's dominant voice in the United States?
The American Federation of Labor
By the early nineteenth century, much of India had fallen under the control of which of the following entities?
The British East India Company
Which of the following were German colonies?
The Cameroons, Southwest Africa, Togo
Which of the following parties won nearly 50 percent of the vote in East Germany's 1990 election?
The Christian Democrats
Which event exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century?
The Dreyfus affair
In considering the revolutionary era, which of the following is NOT true?
The French Revolution was less complex, less violent, and far less radical than the American Revolution.
During the Franco-Prussian War, which of the following events proved decisive?
The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Sedan.
The belief that Communist aggression fed off of economic turmoil was instrumental in the formulation of which of the following policies?
The Marshall Plan
Hitler's first act of aggression took place in 1936 when the Germans occupied which of the following regions?
The Rhineland
Hitler settled on acquiring German Lebensraum in the east in Russian territory in part because of which of the following beliefs?
The Slavs were an "inferior" people now governed by impotent Jews among the Bolsheviks and worthy of enslavement.
Which of the following countries was the only country to use women as combatants in World War II?
The Soviet Union
Which of the following nations experienced the greatest losses in World War II?
The Soviet Union
At the close of World War II, which of the following two states were increasingly drawn into a tense rivalry?
The Soviet Union and the United States
Under the Brezhnev Doctrine, which of the following policies did the Soviet government follow?
The Soviets declared the right of intervention if a socialist state were threatened.
The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s included all EXCEPT which of the following?
The Supreme Court approval of the concept of "separate but equal" in public schools
The Great War annihilated which of the following basic precepts on which Western civilization seemed to have been founded?
The belief in progress
In France, the First Estate was composed of which of the following groups?
The clergy
All of the following is characteristic of the United States in the 1950s EXCEPT which one?
The collapse of labor unions
All of the following are correct about the war in Iraq that began in 2003 EXCEPT which one?
The complete withdrawal of American troops was accomplished in 2009.
Politically, what change occurred during the period from 1715 to 1789?
The continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states
Which of the following issues brought socialists together in the nineteenth century?
The desire to improve working and living conditions for most workers
The European population explosion of the nineteenth century resulted from which of the following?
The disappearance of famine from western Europe
Why do historians think that the origins of the Vietnam War, in part, lie in the process of decolonization?
The division of Vietnam into antagonistic northern and southern states occurred after Vietnamese military forces had defeated the French, former governors of the region.
As per the cosmological views of antiquity and the Middle Ages, which of the following was the center of the universe?
The earth
The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to which of the following?
The emergence of the "science of man"
All of the following contributed to the growth of population in the second half of the eighteenth century EXCEPT which one?
The eradication of typhus and smallpox
Modernism in music included all EXCEPT which of the following elements?
The exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms
Which among the following was a factor that led to World War II?
The failure of efforts of collective security such as the League of Nations and treaties
Which of the following was the most immediate cause of the French Revolution?
The government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems
All of the following concepts were central to the psychological theories of Carl Jung EXCEPT which one?
The idea of personality disorders
Of the following, under the Second Empire, Napoleon III was most interested in which of the following?
The industrial development of France
Which of the following groups most embraced liberalism?
The industrial middle class
William Harvey's On the Motion of the Heart and Blood refuted which of the following formerly held understandings?
The liver was the beginning point of the circulation of blood.
Louis-Philippe was most strongly supported by which of the following social orders?
The middle classes
How are demographic changes that resulted from industrialization best described?
The new middle class moved to the suburbs of cities to escape the urban poor.
Which of the following is correct about the European nations and their colonial empires during the interwar years?
The political and social foundations of European imperialism were weakened substantially during the 1920s and 1930s.
Which of the following was an overall effect of the Korean War on the Cold War?
The reinforcement of the American determination to "contain" Soviet power
Which of the following was a significant effect of the Great Depression in Europe?
The rise of dictatorial movements in many areas of Europe
How did Descartes believe that the world could be understood?
The same principles inherent in mathematical thinking
Compared to Britain, why was American industrialization such a capital-intensive endeavor?
There was a larger pool of unskilled laborers in the United States.
Between 1890 and 1914, how are family patterns among the working class best described?
They allowed for dependence on the income of husbands and the wages of grown children.
Which of the following is one reason President Truman and his advisers chose to use the atomic bombs against Japan?
They became convinced that American troops would suffer heavy casualties in an invasion of Japan.
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal policies in the United States had which of the following effects?
They brought about a partial economic recovery, but full employment did not return until World War II's rearmament.
The women workers of World War I played which of the following important roles?
They campaigned for and won the right to vote immediately following the war.
How are the rulers associated with enlightened absolutism in the eighteenth century best described?
They could never completely overcome the political and social realities of the time.
In the aftermath of World War I, how did birthrates in Europe change?
They declined noticeably as a result of the death and maiming of a generation of young men.
How are the Luddites best described?
They destroyed industrial machines that destroyed their livelihood.
What goal did Britain's Fabian Socialists have?
They favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.
Published travel accounts of different cultures resulted in which of the following?
They led to the development of cultural relativism.
How are European Green movements best described?
They made average people aware of environmental problems and gained a variety of local and national political offices.
The policies of Ronald Reagan entailed which of the following?
They more than doubled the national debt.
How are the works of Fontenelle best described?
They popularized a growing skepticism toward the claims of religion.
How are Isaac Newton's and John Locke's contributions to the Enlightenment best described?
They provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society.
Which of the following was the effect of the Lateran Accords of 1929?
They recognized Catholicism as the sole religion of Italy.
How is the new set of values established by factory owners during the Industrial Revolution best described?
They relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor.
Which of the following is NOT true of the ideas of Copernicus?
They resulted in a system much less complicated than that of Ptolemy.
How did early audiences respond to Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring?
They rioted in protest because of its sharp dissonance and blatant sensuality.
In the 1700s, how are the members of the British Parliament best described?
They were chosen in different ways in different districts.
By 1900, how are most European educational systems best described?
They were free and compulsory at least at the primary level.
How are the divisions between the French working and middle classes best described?
They were further widened by the brutal suppression of the Paris Commune in 1871.
How are the middle classes of nineteenth-century Europe best described?
They were very concerned with propriety and shared values of hard work and Christian morality.
What was one way Hitler brought Germany out of the Great Depression?
Through rearmament and public works
With regard to matters of religion, the National Convention adopted policies with which of the following goals?
To de-Christianize the new French Republic
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas gave him what sentence?
To house arrest
The signatories of the Paris Climate Accords of 2015 agreed to do which of the following things?
To look for ways their own countries could reduce emissions without causing political, economic, or social problems
Bosnians, Croatians, and Serbs met in Dayton, Ohio, in 1995 for which of the following purposes?
To negotiate an end to the war in Bosnia
On the eve of the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914, what was William II of Germany trying to do?
To persuade Nicholas II to halt Russian mobilization so he could halt Germany's
According to Burke, which of the following was the object of conservatism?
To preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare
Under the U.S. presidency of Jimmy Carter, which of the following became a major goal of American foreign policy?
To protect human rights globally
What was the chief motivation of Georges Clemenceau's terms of armistice?
To punish Germany and gain security for France
Today, an increasing number of migrants are moving away from their homes for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?
To spread their culture and laws across the globe
Voltaire was the author of which of the following important volumes with relevance today?
Treatise on Toleration
A problem for the USA when it decided to enter the war was a large immigrant population that had strong loyalties to their country of origin.
True
Because they had spent huge amounts of money in the wars, Britain decided to tax its colonies to pay down the debt.
True
Britain controlled the seas because of its superior navy, but the French concentrated on a land based army.
True
By the beginning of WWI in 1914 90% of Africa was under the control of a handful of European nations.
True
Frederick II of Prussia occupied the territory of Silesia which lead to war with Austria.
True
In the early stage of the war, the French army was transported in taxi-cabs to the military frontline.
True
Maria Theresa of Austria became ruler when her father died and European rulers tried to take territory from Austria because they thought she was too weak to stop them.
True
The German U-boats became a very effective weapon against the naval forces of Britain.
True
The Seven Years War had its roots (beginning) in the War of Austria Succession which began in 1740.
True
The Triple Alliance was a military agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
True
The chain reaction of drawing most of Europe into WWI was caused by the treaties and agreements among the nations, for example Russia was drawn in when it came to the aid of the nation of Serbia.
True
The colony of Liberia was made up of ex-slaves from the United States.
True
The end of WWI resulted in redrawing the map of Europe and the creation of new nations.
True
The only African country to defeat a European nation was Abyssinia who defeated Italy and remained free.
True
The treaty which ended the Seven Years War gave Britain control over much of North America.
True
To carry out its WWI war strategy, Germany invaded the country of Belgium to encircle the French army.
True
Trade from Africa to Europe actually began with the Roman Empire.
True
When the Dutch needed a source of labor for their colony on the tip of Africa, they imported slaves from other parts of Africa and islands nearby.
True
When the English took control of the Cape of Good Hope, they abolished slavery and the Dutch moved inland and established the new colony, Free Orange State.
True
Which of the following describes a frequent goal of wars in Europe?
Trying to place a family member on an important throne
Which one of the following did NOT characterize the weakness of the League of Nations?
U.S. determination to be more involved in European affairs
Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man argued which of the following?
Unindoctrinated students could liberate the masses from their elite oppressors.
The textile industry in England needed a supply of raw cotton from other countries, especially from this one.
United States
The People's Charter drawn up in 1838 called for which of the following?
Universal male suffrage and annual sessions of Parliament
The Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain primarily benefited whom?
Upper middle-class families
In 1965, President Charles de Gaulle of France called the United States "the greatest danger in the world today to peace" because of U.S. policy toward which of the following states?
Vietnam
Early anarchists believed all EXCEPT which of the following?
Violence was the best means of achieving true freedom.
Dmitry Medvedev was succeeded as president of Russia in 2012 by whom?
Vladimir Putin
It was this family that made kitchenware/pottery a major industry in England. Their product is collectible and highly prized today.
Wedgewood
Which Liberal political leader introduced two Irish home rule bills?
William Gladstone
Who among the following was the prime minister who furthered British imperial ambitions by acquiring Canada and India?
William Pitt the Elder
In her pathbreaking text The Second Sex, the influential French feminist author Simone de Beauvoir argued which of the following?
Women had always and wrongly been defined by their differences from men and consequently seen as second-class beings.
All of the following statements regarding women in the postwar era are correct EXCEPT which one?
Working women received equal pay with men by the 1960s.
After the defeat of Napoleon the nations of Europe forced France to
accept occupation and pay an indemnity for the cost of the Napoleonic Wars