women, environment, & gender 2

feminist standpoint theories first emerged in the ____. The first instance was from Marxist feminist and feminist critical theoretical approaches (within a range of social scientific disciplines)

1970s

In "Feminism: A Movement To End Sexist Oppression" hooks reminds us that one central problem in and with feminist ___ is the challenge of ___ feminism.

discourse; defining

___ can be defined as dismissal or marginalization of those against whom one holds a prejudice

discrimination

in "Tight Jeans and Chania Chorris," Shah demonstrates how she is caught in cultural ___ between Western cultural ideals in which she is located and the Indian culture identity of which she is a part

duality

Marxists and socialists often call themselves "radical." They use the term to refer to a completely different "root" of society: the ___ system.

economic

we come to understand what is considered paid (formal) or unpaid (informal) work in socially constructed and political ways. This is one of the main points made in "Locating Globalization: Feminist (Re)readings of the Subjects and Spaces of Globalization" that concerns how a feminist analysis of globalization expands our overall knowledge of global ___

economics

you recently read encountered works in this course that point to reasons why we should all care about issues of injustice. These pieces point to how racism, sexism, class exploitation, ethnocentrism, and other forms of injustice are inextricably tied to certain ____

environments

Think of the suffragist movement and liberal feminism. Abigail Adams and Mary Wollstonecraft were there from the start, proposing ___ for women.

equality

___ is a belief in the social, political, economic equality of the people of difference sexes

feminism

Steinem et al. teach that ___ is: the belief in full economic, political, and social equality of males and females and is usually seen as a modern movement to ___ the male-dominant past and create an egalitarian future.

feminism; transform

In "Feminism: A Movement To End Sexist Oppression" hooks writes that women are uncomfortable claiming the title ___ because they do not have a firm grasp what the term means.

feminist

____ theory has, as one of its foundation concepts, the idea that women's experiences are not natural, but are products of social forces

feminist standpoint

____ and her Nigerian publisher created a non-profit called "Farafina Trust." According to the presentation, the purpose of this organization is to build libraries, purchase books and conduct workshops

Adichie

womanism speaks to African-American and Latina women who do not find their issues being addressed within white feminist movements the term womanism arose from this person's book in which she described a womanist as a Black feminist or feminist of color

Alice Walker

feminist postmodernism holds that ____. Refer to the "Introduction to Philosophy" work

gender identity is not a universal, transhistorical, necessary category

This key course concept tells us that Women's & Gender Studies ideas are not located in an ideological vacuum (that they are necessarily about sex, gender, sexuality, race, class, identity, and difference in general).

intersectionality

many categorize Smith and Mink as radical feminists. although, Smith says in an interview that she defines herself as a feminist who is radical rather than a radical feminist what she means is "____, socialist . . . someone who believes in revolution as opposed to ___"

leftist; reform

Adichie says that the unintended consequence of her reading American and British novels as a child as: she did not know that people like her could exist in ___

literature

Adichie argues in "The Danger of Single Story" that "the single story" many Americans have about Africa is based primarily on this

literature from "the West" (such as that concerning Rudyard Kipling and Joseph Conrad)

according to Adichie, in "The Danger of a Single Story," what is the consequence of the single story? The single story _____

makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult, emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar, and robs people of dignity

as this course shows, ecofeminist theories are not all the same concurrently, this is a principle that all ecofeminist philosophers share: there are connections between (1) the domination of women and other ___ groups and (2) the domination of ___.

minority; nature

in Wesley's work, the author says he owes his ___ an apology for telling her she was overreacting by warning him

mother

Gilligan developed "difference feminism." This theory explains that "men" and "women" have fundamental biological, psychological, and spiritual differences. Is this view shared by all types of feminists?

no

In WGS, binary thinking can be thought of as "black and white" thinking in the sense that it pertains to an inability to consider the existence of "gray areas" or a middle between two ___ categories

opposing

what is the main idea of intersectionality?

that a person's combined identities distinguish their experiences more than any one identity alone

what is the most "sickening" thing about the Trayvon Martin trial? this is according to the work by Wesley

the deliberate campaign to rob Trayvon of his right to be afraid

What does Global Feminism concern?

the rights of women in what are called by some to be "Western" and "non-Western" societies

During the years 1967-1975 radical feminism was the cutting edge of feminist ___.

theory

____ is the foundational law that provides equal opportunity for women and girls in every aspect of federally funded public education. It is designed to make discrimination illegal in academic programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance.

title IX

Feminist epistemologists have challenged ___ ideas of how we know things and of rationality, by arguing that these traditional philosophical ideas are based on __ assumptions and perspectives and ignore women's voices.

traditional; male

what famous black feminist described herself as a "black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet" this person's poetry explored issues surrounding civil rights, feminism, lesbianism, and the black female identity she was a co-founder of the Women's Coalition of St. Croix (which aided women who survived sexual assault and domestic abuse) and Sisterhood in Support of Sisters (SISA) in South Africa, which aided women affected by apartheid she led the Afro-German movement in Berlin in the mid-1980s. Notable Quotable by this person: "I write for those women who do not speak, for those who do not have a voice because they were so terrified, because we are taught to respect fear more than ourselves. We've been taught that silence would save us, but it won't."

Audre Lorde

Born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, this person has always been "passionate and intent on calling individuals to recognize and change the negative repercussions of what she terms the 'white supremist capitalist patriarchy' that structures this society." She wrote her first book, Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism, when she was 19 years old.

Bell Hooks

in 1971, two famous feminist activists "raised their fists in solidarity while posing [and this] image remains one of the most iconic visual representations of women's empowerment and the ongoing struggle for equal rights." more than 40 years later, they reunited in 2014 to recreate the influential image. "The two feminist warriors assume their lauded positions, fists lifted high, their formerly stern expressions giving way to gentle smiles." (Links to an external site.) who are these famous feminists?

Dorothy Pitman-Hughes and Gloria Steinem

In Kumalah's (2014) work, "A Path to Environmentalism," we read about a "simple reality" characterized by all of us being parts of extraordinary____. To be an environmentalist, we learned, means to understand and be sensitive to the ways in which we connect to those___. It is to ultimately realize that the well being of the places around us is ultimately linked to our own well being, to our ___, to our survival, and to our resistance

Ecosystems; ecosystems; health

In "Feminism: A Movement To End Sexist Oppression," Carmen Vasquez says, "There are as many definitions of feminism as there are feminists, some of my sisters say, with a chuckle. I don't think it's funny." Why does bell hooks says she agrees with Vasquez on this topic?

It indicates a growing disinterest in feminism as a radical political movement.

____ vantage point is a deconstruction and decolonization of the dominant feminisms of the West. Hr critique is two-fold: She illustrates in her analysis of the work of several Western feminists, their "universal" feminism is rather to be seen as an ethnocentric feminism. Its very premises are mistaken, and not at all applicable in a ___ World context. She criticizes the common Western view of the Third World Woman as a victim, and tries to form a new content for a ___ feminism of the 21st century.

Mohanty's; Third; global

some feminists prefer the label "Black feminist," where the qualifying word refers to a particular politics, and famous black feminists include: abolitionist and women's rights activist Sojourner ____ who said, ""If it is not a fit place for women, it is unfit for men to be there." Born a slave, Truth escaped to freedom in 1826 and spent her life advocating for equal rights for all. Her famous "Ain't I a Woman?" speech addressed the lack of recognition towards black women in the promotion of equal rights. Anna Julia ____, activist and advocate for black women, who was the fourth African American woman to receive a doctoral degree, and was a strong advocate for the voice of black women. Her book, A Voice from the South, is a foundational text of black feminism. and Mary ___ Terrell, civil rights and women's rights leader, who said, "A white woman has only one handicap to overcome - that of sex. I have two - both sex and race... Colored men have only one - that of race. Colored women are the only group in this country who have two heavy handicaps to overcome, that of race as well as that of sex." Terrell was a founder of the NAACP and the National Association of University Women. An activist all her life, Terrell spoke about the difficulties of being a woman and being black, and how those issues intersected.

Truth; Cooper; Church

feminist standpoint theories involve ______. Refer to the University of Waikato encyclopedia entry of this term

a commitment to the idea that all attempts to know are socially situated

Smith and Mink explain: feminism articulates political opposition to the subordination of women as women, whether that subordination is ___ by law, imposed by social convention, or inflicted by individual men and women. Feminism also offers alternatives to existing unequal relations of gender ____, and these alternatives have formed the agenda for feminism movements.

ascribed; power

The subject/object ___ combination is important to and in feminist discourse: The subject possesses interiority, is empowered, and in hierarchical societies, dominates others. The object is reduced to the useful tasks she/he can perform, and is ___ in a number of ways.

binary; marginalized

feminist standpoint theorists argue and believe that we can never be "neutrally" located, and so it is important for us to always be aware of how social, historical, and cultural processes are ___ us, our thoughts, and our knowledge production processes (i.e., our research)

constructing

In feminist studies and women's and gender studies, "deconstruction" is used to describe to strategies of __ analysis. This way of ___ is designed to expose unquestioned metaphysical assumptions and internal contradictions in phenomena at hand

critical; analyzing

Shah says she should have done this when she was worried about her sister: explain to her sister that she doesn't have to choose between an Indian ___ and an American ___

patriarchy; patriarchy

Like countless perspectives that make up "activist roots," the gaps between ___ keeps ecofeminist movements tenuous and peripheral.

philosophy and action

Some feminists prefer the label "Black feminist," where the qualifying word refers to a particular ___ rather than to ___.

politics; color

____ feminism provides an important foundation for the rest of "feminist flavors." Seen by many as the "undesirable" element of feminism, radical feminism is actually the breeding ground for many of the ideas arising from feminism

radical

A variety of techniques that people who are marginalized use as a reaction to their oppression is referred to as ___

resistance

Wood explains that women possess an intimate knowledge of caregiving because: women are most often assigned roles that require: ____

taking and giving care, attention, and emotional labor to others

Wüthrich argues that hiring more female faculty in STEM programs and actively trying to recruit more female majors would be a remedy to the idea that there are inequities between men and women in ___

science

In WGS, we learn that ___ is often understood as biological aspects of one's identity. Gender is the ___ construction of sexuality, i.e. how society perceives us or the ways we perceive ourselves

sex; social

hooks defines feminism as the struggle to end ___ oppression.

sexist

what happens to the aunt in Shah's story about her mother's childhood?

she is kicked out of school, slits her wrists, and spends the rest of her life at home

in "The danger of a single story," Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie describes a particular American writer's relatives when she says, "they sat around, reading the book themselves, listening to me read the book, and a kind of paradise was regained." Adichie concludes her piece by ending with the thought that when we reject the single story, what do we do?

since we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise

feminist analyses and critiques of relations between material experience, power, and epistemology (as well as the effects of power relations on the production of knowledge) are central to all feminist ____ theories

standpoint

feminist scholars working within a number of disciplines — such as Dorothy Smith, Nancy Hartsock, Hilary Rose, and Sandra Harding — have advocated taking women's lived experiences, particularly experiences of (caring) work, as the beginning of enquiry (defining feminist ___ theories)

standpoint

some feminist standpoint theorists believe that knowledge from subordinate social locations is more complete than knowledge from dominant social locations. Wood explains that members of ___ groups are likely to understand their own group's perspective/s as well as the perspective/s of members of the ___ group

subordinated; dominant

in "Globalization of the Local/Localization of the Global: Mapping Transnational Women's Movements," Basu indicates: one reason transnational women's groups might not be successful in local communities is having ___ connections are less important for local communities if the state government acknowledges at least some of their concerns.

transnational

Standpoint theory concerns the notion that people who are oppressed possess knowledge or understanding about their society which is ___ the dominant group

unavailable to

in "Toward a New Consciousness" you learn that la mestiza is "cradled in one culture, sandwiched between two cultures, [and] stradd[les] all three cultures and their ___ systems."

value

liberal feminism is the variety of feminism that works ____ the structure of mainstream society to ___

within; integrate women into that structure

hooks says definitions of feminism should call attention to the diversity/differences of social and political realities of ___.

women