Workbook Chapter 39: Caring for People with Developmental Disabilities

Hydrocephalus, sometimes called:

-"Water on the brain," results form a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A person with Down syndrome has how many chromosomes?

-47

Spina bifida

-A congenital defect of the spinal column that occurs when the vertebrae do not close properly during development, leaving the spinal cord exposed

What is spina bifida?

-A defect of spinal column

Cerebral palsy

-A developmental disability caused by damage to the cerebrum, the part of the brain involved with motor control

Autism

-A developmental disability characterized by extreme difficulty communicating & relating to other people & surroundings

Cerebral palsy can be caused by:

-A lack of oxygen to the brain

Some people with developmental disabilities are:

-Able to enter the workforce

With special education, people with severe intellectual disability are:

-Able to learn some communication & basic self-care skills, such as how to feed themselves

Congenital

-Adjective used to describe a disorder that person is born with

What physical characteristics does a person with Down syndrome have?

-Almond-shaped eyes, square hands with short fingers, large tongue in a small mouth

Fragile X syndrome

-An inherited type of intellectual disability caused by a defect in the X chromosome

The Arc of the United States

-An organization that promotes the rights of people with intellectual disabilities

Adaptive skills

-Are skills needed to live & work, such as communication skills, social skills, & self-care skills

Many people with autism have:

-Average or above average intelligence

A person with an intellectual disability has:

-Below average intellectual functioning & problems with adaptive skills

Intellectual disability

-Below-average intellectual functioning & problems with adaptive skills

What is common in a person with spina bifida?

-Bowel & bladder incontinence

Hydrocephalus occurs when:

-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collects in the brain

Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the:

-Cerebrum, the part of the brain involved with motor control

A person with autism has extreme difficulty:

-Communicating -Relating to other people & surroundings

Brendan has profound intellectual disabilities. It's time for Brendan to get ready for bed. Briefly describe the assistance you would need to provide in the given situation.

-Complete assistance with evening care

A developmental disability may be:

-Congenital (something a child is born with) -Acquired (occurring after birth, as a result of trauma or illness)

Joe has cerebral palsy that has caused contractures in the joints of his hands & arms. Joe also has a mild intellectual disability. Joe is getting ready to eat his lunch. Briefly describe the assistance you would need to provide in the given situation.

-Cut his food -Open packages -Bring utensils

Susan has mild intellectual disability accompanied by hearing loss. Susan is a member of the housekeeping staff at a local hotel. It's time for Susan to put on her uniform so that she can go to work. Briefly describe the assistance you would need to provide in the given situation.

-Dressing -Help with uniform buttons or zips

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

-Ensured that people who have disabilities are treated the same as those without disabilities, by guaranteeing people with disabilities access to public education, employment, & public places such as parks, restaurants, & transportation

Causes that are congenital

-Genetic (inherited) disorders -Consumption of alcohol, drugs, or other toxic substances during pregnancy -Infectious during pregnancy, such as German measles (rubella) or HIV -Poor nutrition during pregnancy -Conditions that deprive the baby of oxygen during pregnancy or labor & delivery

What do researchers think is a cause to autism?

-Genetics

People with moderate intellectual disability:

-Have delays in both motor (manual) skills & speech development

Causes that are acquired

-Head injury -Near-drowning -Poisoning

List three reasons a person with developmental disabilities may have difficulty communicating.

-Inability to learn language -Lack of motor ability to speak -Vision or hearing problems

A person with Down syndrome always has some degree of:

-Intellectual disability

Fragile X syndrome is an inherited type of:

-Intellectual disability caused by a defect in the x chromosome

The second type of cerebral palsy causes:

-Involuntary movements of the arms, legs, & upper body -Facial & tongue muscles may also be involved, making the person appear to be chewing constantly

Down syndrome

-Is a developmental disability that is the result of a genetic disorder -Has 47 chromosomes instead of 46

Which one of the following statements about intellectual disabilities is correct?

-It can occur before, during, or after birth

Which one of the following statements about fetal alcohol syndrome is correct?

-It occurs when a woman a drinks alcohol during pregnancy

An intellectually disabled person has an intelligence quotient score:

-Less than 70 points & limited adaptive skills in two or more areas

What is mainstreaming? What are the benefits?

-Many children with disabilities go to public school alongside friends & classmates who have no disabilities

Allison is a 15-year-old with moderate intellectual disability. Although Allison's intellectual capacity is about the same as that of an 8-year-old, physically she is developing like the teenager that she is. What challenges might this present for Allison? As a CNA, what can you do to help Allison meet these challenges & protect her from harm?

-Mentally an 8-year-old -Large target of sexual abuse because she is very trusting

People with profound intellectual disability have:

-Minimal function in all developmental areas, such as physical & mental

People who have fragile x syndrome are usually:

-Moderately to severely intellectually disabled & may have physical characteristics such as large, cupped ears; a slim build; wide-set, somewhat squinting eyes; velvet-like skin

Special Olympics

-One notable way in which people with developmental disabilities gain self-esteem; also promotes their physical health

A developmental disability is a:

-Permanent disability that interferes with the person's ability to achieve developmental milestones

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a combination fo:

-Physical & intellectual problems that affect a child whose mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy

A person with autism may have:

-Problems with social relations

List three things a CNA can do to improve his or her ability to communication with a person with a developmental disability.

-Read the person -Communication methods -Simple words/ short phrases -Smile & use a gentle touch

Cerebral palsy can affect body movements in two different ways. One type of cerebral palsy causes:

-Spams & shortening of the muscles -The affected joints may develop contractures

Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the:

-Spinal column

Special education programs focused on social skills

-Teach people with developmental disabilities appropriate behavior & "limits" when interacting with people in society

Special education programs focused on life skills

-Teach people with developmental disabilities skills such as how to count money

Special educational programs focused on self-care skills

-Teach people with developmental disabilities skills such as how to eat or dress independently

Intellectual-functioning

-The ability to reason, think, & understand

Varying degrees of intellectual disability may accompany:

-The physical disabilities associated with cerebral palsy

With special education, a person with mild intellectual disability is:

-Usually able to achieve a third-to-sixth grade learning level & master the skills needed for socially appropriate behavior