World History Benchmark
Which statement explains an effect of European colonization on the Inca Empire?
Inca leaders were forced to submit to Spanish authority.
Which statement best explains how corruption in the Catholic Church affected Europeans during the 1400s?
Individuals began to question the Pope's authority.
Which historic document was the first to limit the power of a government?
Magna Carta
Use the list below to answer the question. Causes of ? • Expansion of trade • Challenges in navigation • Interest in classical texts and art • Expansion of universities What best completes this list?
Scientific Innovations
Which Enlightenment theorist argued that the state needed absolute power to control citizens?
Thomas Hobbes
Which philosopher proposed the idea that people need a powerful absolute monarch to establish and maintain order in society?
Thomas Hobbes
Which aspect of the Renaissance is shown in this information about Florence? The welling up of civic pride that overflowed in public building was brought on by that remarkable course of events from the end of the thirteenth to the beginning of the fifteenth century that transformed the Florentine state . . . During the century and a half at the building of the town hall and ending at the crowning of the cathedral with Brunelleschi's cupola, Florence put its internal affairs into an impressive new order . . . and asserted itself as a major Italian power. —Richard A. Goldthwaite
economic prosperity of city-states
Which Spanish system of colonial governance compelled American Indians to work fields and mines for no wages?
encomienda
The Reformation was a major historical turning point because it...
encouraged individual interpretation of sacred scriptures.
Queen Elizabeth I influenced British society by
establishing an official religion.
Which political development was most influenced by the attitude toward secularism that originated during the Renaissance?
establishment clause
Dias
first European to sail around the tip of Africa the Cape of Good Hope
Closed country policy
not interact with others Korea and Japan
Medici Family
patron family of the arts in Italy
Which invention helped fuel the Renaissance?
printing press
Thirty Years War
religion, land/ territory, power
What was a primary focus of the Enlightenment philosophers?
seeking progress through the expansion of human knowledge
Which factor most affected the commercial revolution in Europe?
the development of overseas colonies
What was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
the increase of exploration of the New World
Which event was most influenced by this idea? For in all the states of created beings capable of laws, where there is no law, there is no freedom. —John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1690
the political revolutions in America and France
Spanish conquistadors
wanted to convert Aztecs to Christianity
Which new pattern of cultural diffusion between Europe and the Americas was initiated with the Spanish exploration in 1492?
Columbian Exchange
Which document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights?"
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Use the excerpt to answer the question that follows. The Navigation Act of 1660 For the increase of shipping and encouragement of the navigation of this nation . . ., no sugars, tobacco, cotton-wool, indigos, [or] ginger . . ., of the growth, production or manufacture of any English plantations in America, . . . shall be shipped, carried, conveyed or transported from any . . . English plantations to any land . . . other than to such English plantations as do belong to his Majesty . . .
English merchants
Which transition occurred during Europe's Commercial Revolution?
Investors began to combine resources to reduce risk.
How did Portuguese commerce benefit from Vasco da Gama's voyage around the southern tip of Africa?
It allowed goods to be purchased directly from India.
What was one major effect of the invention of the printing press?
It helped facilitate the spread of religious ideas.
What is significant about this act? Albeit the king's Majesty justly and rightfully is . . . the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this realm . . . be it enacted, by authority of this present Parliament, that the king, our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall be . . . the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England. . . . —Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII, 1534
It increased tensions during the Protestant Reformation.
How did European exploration of the Americas most affect the Inca and Aztec empires?
It introduced diseases that resulted in a population decline.
Which Enlightenment thinker focused on individual freedom and believed that civilization corrupted people?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which Protestant reformer preached the idea of predestination?
John Calvin
Which Enlightenment thinker believed that the people have the right to overthrow a tyrannical government?
John Locke
During the 1400s, Portugal and Spain both explored the Atlantic Ocean to establish direct routes to Asia. Most European trade with Asia took place in the Mediterranean region at that time. What was one factor that led Portugal and Spain to explore along the Atlantic Ocean to achieve their goal?
Muslim and Italian merchants dominated trade in the Mediterranean.
The heliocentric model of the universe was developed by which person?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Use the excerpt below to answer the question. • They preach no Christian doctrine who teach that contrition is not necessary in those who intend to buy souls out of purgatory or to buy confessionalia. • Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon. • Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has part in all the blessings of Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by God, even without letters of pardon. —95 Theses, Martin Luther, 1517 Which statement best explains one immediate effect of these declarations?
People began to redefine the doctrines of Christianity.
Use the list below to answer the question. Characteristics of the Renaissance • Cultural achievements were financed by cities. • Classical texts and art were valued and studied. • ? Which statement best completes this list?
People embraced secular ideas.
How were the works of Leonardo da Vinci an example of the importance of the Renaissance?
Perspective and dimension were emphasized in paintings.
Which country dominated the early slave trade in the colonies of South America during the early 17th century?
Portugal
Navigator that established a school of sailors
Prince Henry
Which effect did Johannes Gutenberg's invention have on Europe?
Printing allowed ideas to be spread rapidly throughout the continent.
Which book was authored by Niccolo Machiavelli?
The Prince
Use the table below to answer the question. Cause Effect Renaissance in Europe ? Which phrase best completes this table?
The Protestant Reformation
What was an effect of Luther's assertion? The pope cannot remit [forgive] any guilt, except by declaring and showing that it has been remitted [forgiven] by God . . . . —Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses
The authority of Church officials was questioned.
Which statement is the best explanation of the divine right of kings?
The king answers only to God.
Which conclusion about the French Revolution is supported by this reform? Title II ARTICLE I. Beginning with the day of publication of the present decree, there shall be but one mode of choosing bishops and parish priests, namely that of election. XXI. . . . the bishop elect shall take a solemn oath . . . to be loyal to the nation, the law, and the king. . . . —The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, National Assembly, July, 12, 1790
The revolution was influenced by Enlightenment criticisms of traditional political structures.
Which theory of population growth did Thomas Malthus propose?
The world's population would eventually exceed the world's food supply.
Which result completes this list? Immediate Effects of the Renaissance • Revival of trade • Emergence of cities • Rise of banks and joint-stock companies • ?
Voyages of exploration and colonization
Use the table below to answer the question. Number of Ships Sailing From Europe to Asia 1600-1700 1700-1800 England 811 1865 France 155 1300 Netherlands 1770 2950 Which factor best explains the change shown in this table?
access to valuable resources
Use the list below to answer the question. 1600: British East India Company created 1602: Dutch East India Company founded 1602: Amsterdam Stock Exchange started
agreement to spread risk among investors
Use the excerpt below to answer the question. . . . I say that every prince ought to desire to be considered clement [pleasant] and not cruel. Nevertheless he ought to take care not to misuse this clemency. . . Therefore a prince, so long as he keeps his subjects united and loyal, ought not to mind the reproach of cruelty; because . . he will be more merciful than those who through too much mercy, allow disorders to arise . . . —Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, 1532 What was one effect of the idea expressed in this excerpt?
an increase in royal authority
How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers most influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States?
by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings
How did the Hundred Years' War affect western European society?
by creating feelings of nationalism in England and France
Below are some descriptions of an invention. • Invented in Germany in 1448 • Used movable blocks to set type • Some blocks created to replicate handwriting How did this invention contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
by expanding access to new ideas
Which reason best describes the collapse of the Inca Empire in the 1500s?
conquest by Spanish soldiers
Which phrase best explains a reason for the beginning of European exploration of the Americas?
demands for economic resources
What was one direct result of the reforms described below? Reforms of Protestant Reformation • Religion should be personal, immediate, and based on faith • Focus on the scriptures and abolish ritualistic ceremony • Increase literacy so all could read the Bible in their own language
development of new faiths
Which factor contributed to the decline of the Aztec Empire?
diseases introduced by foreigners
Joint stock Company
funded the American colonies
Gutenberg
invented the Printing Press (More learned how to read, cheaper, more books were created, spread religious propaganda)
Divine Right
king thought that God gave him absolute power
English Bill of Rights
limited the power of the monarch
Atlantic slave trade
made economy better
Galileo made an important contribution to science by
providing evidence for a heliocentric universe.
Use the excerpt below to answer the question. A prince, therefore, ought always to take counsel, but only when he wishes and not when others wish; he ought rather to discourage every one from offering advice unless he asks it; but, however, he ought to be a constant inquirer, and afterwards a patient listener concerning the things of which he inquired; also, on learning that any one, on any consideration, has not told him the truth, he should let his anger be felt. —Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1532 What was the effect for rulers who applied the principles of this Renaissance political philosopher?
reduced influence of nobles
Which idea was Baron de Montesquieu's primary contribution to the development of democracy?
separation of powers
Aztec empire and why was it destroyed
small pox
Use the list below to answer the question. • Decline in papal authority • Rise in nation building • Increase in Enlightenment thinking
spread of Reformation ideas in Europe
Which turning point most directly affected the development of the free market economy?
success of the commercial revolution
Which cultural development had the greatest effect on these events? Some Features Common to the American Revolution and French Revolution • Establishment of basic human rights • Replacement of monarchy with a republic • Elimination of aristocratic privileges
the Enlightenment
Use the list below to answer the question. • Invention of the printing press • Influence of religious authorities in political and social institutions • Discovery of new species through exploration of the New World Which event was a result of these developments?
the advent of the Scientific Revolution
Use the list below to answer the question. • Francis Bacon • Robert Boyle • Nicolaus Copernicus • Sir Isaac Newton • Galileo Galilei
the development of the scientific method
Use the information in the table to answer the question that follows. Colony Year Founded Founder Maryland 1632 Lord Baltimore Providence 1636 Roger Williams Pennsylvania 1681 William Penn
to escape religious persecution
What was the motivating factor for the imperial expansion of Spain during the 16th century under Phillip II?
to find sources of precious metals in the Americas
According to John Locke, what was the primary purpose of government?
to protect natural rights of individuals
Isaac Newton's book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica introduced the
universal laws of motion.
Henry 8th
wanted an annulment to remarry and have a boy
