World History semster exam (LSS)

Approximately what percentage of the European population had died from the Black Death by around 1400?

51 percent

What percent of the Amerindian population was killed by Afro-Eurasian diseases during the sixteenth century?

90 percent

Which of the following characterized the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte in France?

A centralized, efficient administration

During the seventeenth century, rising levels of global commerce increased prosperity in the Ming and Mughal Empires but also led to which of the following?

A decline in centralized state control

On which of the following premises does the concept of popular sovereignty depend?

A nation is a people sharing a common culture, language, and history.

Which of the following was a major consequence of the Renaissance?

A network that consisted of independent, educated people—and those who were not totally reliant on either the state or the church—developed.

Which of John Locke's ideas formed the basis of the Declaration of Independence?

A social contract, binding both ruler and ruled

Which of the following statements best characterizes the effect of attempts to convert both Amerindians and Africans to Christianity during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

Africans and Amerindians used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them.

What was the primary reason for the rapid increase in the importation of Africans in sixteenth-century Brazil and the Caribbean?

Africans were used as labor for sugar plantations.

What was a consequence of Europeans' introduction of firearms into North America?

Amerindian groups fought each other as they sought to increase their hunting and trapping ranges.

In 1600, what enabled the Dutch East India Company to raise ten times the capital that the English East India Company could raise?

Amsterdam had the most efficient money market, with the lowest interest rates in the world.

. Which of the following did the rulers of Ming China, the Ottoman Empire, and Western Europe use to unify their expanded territories?

Artists and architects who projected each ruler's grandeur and power

In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence?

As healers, consorts, and power brokers in the Forbidden City

Which of the following accurately describes the reactions of Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti and the Haitian Declaration of Independence to French "proclamations"?

Both criticize the hypocrisy of French claims to Egyptians and Haitians.

Which of the following allowed the Spanish to defeat both the Aztec and Inca Empires?

Both empires suffered from internal weakness and divisions that were exploited by the Spanish.

In which of the following ways did the Zuku leader, Shaka, resemble Mongol leaders?

Both had the ability to incorporate defeated communities into the state.

Which of the following accurately characterizes both the American and French Revolutions?

Both introduced republican forms of government.

In what way was the popular effect of the Forbidden City similar to that of Topkapi Palace?

Both projected a sense of awe and power.

What was a consequence of the "native learning" movement promoted by some Japanese intellectuals?

Buddhism was branded a foreign contaminant of Japanese culture.

Which of the following reflects a difference between China and the Islamic Empires?

China's internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires.

Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?

Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art.

Why did European wars expand into global confrontations?

Conflicts over overseas colonies and trade routes replaced earlier regional religious and territorial struggles.

The Columbian Exchange led to which of the following?

Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa.

Which of the following accurately indicates the process by which the slave trade was ended in the North Atlantic?

Countries gradually prohibited the slave trade, and Britain posted a naval squadron off the coast of West Africa to prevent any slave trade north of the equator.

Which of the following is a reason that Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment idea

Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.

How did the industrial revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world?

Europe became more powerful economically by exporting more goods than it imported.

The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade?

European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americas.

Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states?

European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another.

Which of the following was a way in which the arts were used by artists or their patrons to send a social message between 1500 and 1750?

European women such as Mary Wollstonecraft took up the pen to counter the belief that women could not act as rational beings.

Which of the following was a consequence of the fact that European buyers preferred male slaves?

Gender imbalance in the Americas contributed to the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade.

Which of the following actions was undertaken by Muhammad Ali to attempt to create the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean?

He deepened irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile.

Which of the following methods was used by Tsar Nicholas I to maintain absolute rule in Russia

He expanded the secret police and enforced censorship.

Which of the following shows the early Mughal Empire's attitude toward the culture of South Asia?

Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music.

What aspect of his reputation did Abd al-Qadir rely upon while organizing resistance to the French in Algeria?

His religious and scholarly credibility

Where and when did the coffeehouse first emerge?

In Islamic lands in the fifteenth century.

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, how did India's traditional trade patterns change?

India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles, and an exporter of raw materials.

In what way did Britain's political and social environment contribute to the industrial revolution?

It allowed merchants and industrialists to invest heavily in such inventions as steam power.

In what way was the U.S. Declaration of Independence an Enlightenment document?

It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights.

How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?

It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.

In what way did the Canton system seek to control trade?

It required European traders to have Chinese merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees.

Which of the following was an effect of the enclosure of common lands in the English countryside during the seventeenth century?

Landowners began to plant new crops to sell in distant, instead of domestic, markets.

Who benefited most from the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Americas?

Local military chieftains who formed alliances with land owners

Which of the following helped to destabilize the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century?

Military campaigns and a growing population strained the empire's resources.

What was Europe's main contribution to the Atlantic system?

Military technology

Which group dominated the Indian Ocean trade in the fifteenth century?

Muslims

Where did participation in global trade first begin to have a significant impact on the lives of ordinary people?

Northwestern Europe and British North America

What did the Ottomans see as evidence that the Islamic world had a monopoly on truth, enlightenment, and culture?

Ottoman military successes proved God's favor for their culture.

Which of the following people was famous for supporting Portuguese maritime expansion in the North Atlantic and along the coast of Africa?

Prince Henry the Navigator

Who constituted "the people," according to political arrangements Americans made during the War of Independence?

Propertied white men

In the Ottoman Empire, why did reform attempts, such as the Tanzimat, ultimately fail to produce revolutionary change?

Reforms relied too much on the personal whim of rulers.

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Silver was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets.

Which of the following accurately describes labor on Caribbean sugar plantations?

Slaves often dropped dead from exhaustion, working up to sixteen-hour days.

Which of the following was the determinative factor in the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs?

Smallpox spread rapidly among the Aztec warriors and elites.

Which of the following were the most popular books published in Ming China?

Study guides for civil services examinations

For what reason did the Chinese take little interest in the maps brought by Matteo Ricci?

The Chinese believed that Ricci's maps made China seem an unimportant country on the edge of the world.

Which document resulted from elite Americans' fear that their revolution was becoming too radical and threatened to plunge the nation into anarchy?

The Constitution

For what reason did the Tokugawa shoguns expel all foreign traders except for the Dutch?

The Dutch did not proselytize.

For what reason did the Dutch kill or enslave nearly the entire population of the Banda Islands?

The Dutch wanted to buy nutmeg at a low price in the Banda Islands and sell nutmeg at many times that price in Europe.

During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?

The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might.

In what way did the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 change from its earlier pattern of cultural development?

The Islamic world developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered on the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.

Which of the following was used by the Ottomans to recruit followers?

The Ottomans promised wealth and glory to new subjects.

Which of the following characterized the Portuguese presence in sixteenth-century Macao?

The Portuguese used Macao as an entry into the lucrative import-export trade with China.

Which of the following explains in part why China did not become the epicenter of the Industrial Revolution?

The Qing did not foster experimentation or create links between thinkers and investors.

Which of the following characterized Spanish tributary empires?

The Spanish controlled territory but worked to extract wealth without extensive settlement of Iberian immigrants.

Which of the following is often seen as the epitome of the blending of Persian, Islamic, and Indian traditions?

The Taj Mahal

What was the Western European Christian church's response to challenges to its authority following the plague?

The church demanded strict obedience and persecuted those who questioned its doctrines.

Why can historians claim that Mughal rulers were victims of their own success?

The combination of prosperity and dependence on local elites for governance allowed the local elites to become more autonomous.

What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda?

The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomenderos.

Which of the following is the best description of the economic impact of the Black Death on Afro-Eurasia?

The deaths of many farmers led to food shortages, which in turn led to rapidly rising prices, work stoppages, and unrest.

Which of the following describes the reason the Ottoman sultan created the janissaries?

The janissaries maintained steadfast loyalty to the sultan, while limiting the autonomy of provincial rulers.

Which of the following was a major milestone in the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain?

The last Muslim stronghold in Spain—Granada—fell to Christian forces.

The leaders of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Islamic revitalization movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which practice?

The leaders of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Islamic revitalization movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which practice?

Which of the following is a valid comparison between the American and the Saint-Domingue Revolutions?

The leaders of the American Revolution were primarily owners of property, but the leaders of Saint-Domingue were primarily slaves.

. Which of the following reflects a way that ruling families in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries consolidated their power after having established their legitimacy?

The rulers would enact coercive laws and establish standing armies.

Following the devastation of the plague, which of the following responses was shared by Ming, Ottoman, and European elites?

The ruling elites of all three societies reverted to core traditions for guidance as they rebuilt.

Which group closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography begun by Ibrahim Müteferrika?

The ulama

After 1570, why was Japan supplanted as the primary source of silver for China?

The work of which admiral and cartographer provided the foundation for important Ottoman gains in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean?

In early-nineteenth-century industrial societies, why did migration to urban areas increase so rapidly?

There was a growing demand for factory workers in the cities.

Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science?

They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.

Which of the following is a way that Christian rulers on the Iberian Peninsula attempted to consolidate power during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

They channeled their subjects' religious fervor toward fighting the Moors

What ideas did European Enlightenment thinkers hold in common?

They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge.

What was the major reason that European states wanted to prevent their New World colonies from trading with other states?

They wanted to prevent the spread of wealth to states other than their own.

Which of the following statements best describes the Ottoman rulers' stance toward regional differences within their territory?

They were flexible and tolerant.

Which of the following was the most common way that African slaves in the Americas resisted the conditions of their enslavement?

Thousands of slaves fled to the remote interiors of Brazil or the Caribbean islands.

Which of the following best summarizes the goals of Spanish explorers such as Columbus?

To Christianize the world and accumulate wealth

What was the primary goal of liberal European reformers, such as Lord Macaulay, concerning changes to India's educational and cultural systems?

To create a class that was Indian in blood but English in taste and culture

In general, the slave trade helped shift wealth toward which African social group?

Warrior elites

Which of the following factors made the Safavid Empire the most unstable of the large Muslim states?

Weak rulers and internal divisions

Which of the following is a similarity between indigenous peoples in the Pacific and the Americas?

both groups had large numbers of people perish from European-introduced disease.

To project imperial power and grandeur, the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty

constructed the Forbidden City.

the English colonial model in the New World differed from that of other European states in that it:

dispossessed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population.

Seeing themselves as "the shadow of God" on the Earth, Ottoman sultans:

funded construction of elaborate mosques.

The Protestant Reformation encouraged the growth of nationalism in Europe by encouraging people to:

identify their religion with their local state and language.

How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto caliphate?

it changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region.

Hong Xiuquan believed that he was:

jesus's younger brother sent to rid the world of evil.

In Spain, a strong dynasty was created primarily through:

marriage.

Ming rulers strengthened their role in traditional rites and ceremonies to:

show that the gods favored the Ming.

The group that eventually drove the Mongols out of China was known as

the Red Turbans.

How did Asante kings use the wealth they acquired from trade?

they showed their link to wealth and power by displaying gold-covered spears, maces, and elephant tail

In the late fifteenth century, Ferdinand and Isabella reacted to the Ottoman expansion by:

using the Inquisition to create a more homogeneous state.