170 Test 2 Metabolism

What two factors are associated with morning sickness, nausea and vomiting during the first trimester?

Decreased TSH and elevated hCG levels

In evaluating a client's response to nutrition therapy, which laboratory test would be of highest priority to examine?

Albumin level

What cell type produces insulin

Beta cells

How does insulin lower blood glucose?

By increasing the rate of glucose uptake and utilization by most body cells.

How does the growth hormone conserve glucose?

By stimulating most body cells to grow in size and divide, facilitating the use of fats for fuel and conserving glucose.

A pathophysiology student is differentiating digestion from absorption. Which explanation is most accurate?

Digestion is the process of dismantling foods into their constituent parts

The nurse is assessing a 1-month-old girl who, according to the mother, doesn't eat well. Which assessment suggests the child has congenital hypothyroidism?

Enlarged tongue

What is an exocrine organ, supplying digestive enzymes and buffers, as well as an endocrine organ?

Pancreas

Vasopressin (ADH)

Functions to inhibit or prevent the formation of urine via vasoconstriction, which results in increased blood pressure.

A client in the community is taking regular and NPH insulin to manage type 1 diabetes. What laboratory finding best demonstrates that the client's diabetes management is adequate?

The client's glycosylated hemoglobin is 6.1%

A school nurse is called to assess a 12-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is experiencing lightheadedness, tachycardia, and pallor during physical education class. What is the priority action by the nurse?

Give the child some fruit juice to drink

A public health nurse is teaching a group of parents at a community health center about feeding and nutrition for toddlers. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?

Toddlers often eat one food for many days in a row

A client arrives in the emergency department semi-comatose. Her breath has a "fruity" smell. Their initial blood glucose level is >600. Her mouth and mucous membranes are dry. The health care providers suspect the client may be experiencing hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. In this situation, the nurse can expect the client's lab results to reflect:

an increase in glomerular filtration rate

What is the condition that is characterized by the rapid emptying of highly acidic and hyperosmolar gastric secretions into the duodenum and jejunum?

Dumping syndrome

The practitioner notes the client has yellowish discoloration of the skin. Which lab result would the practitioner expect to see?

Elevated unconjugated bilirubin

A nurse is assessing a pregnant client for the possibility of preexisting conditions that could lead to complications during pregnancy. The nurse suspects that the woman is at risk for hydramnios based on which preexisting condition?

Diabetes

Why do mothers have to produce more insulin during the second half of pregnancy?

Human placenta lactoven and other hormonal antagonists increase. The mother must produce more insulin to overcome the resistance by these hormones.

The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is:

Insulin is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection

Why must the fetus produce their own supply of insulin to maintain blood glucose control?

Maternal insulin does not cross the placenta

Which statement is true concerning food digestion?

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the action of pepsin.

A client who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client's blood glucose level is 470 mg/dl. Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level?

Rapid, thready pulse

The parent of a newborn asks the nurse why the newborn's liver does not make vitamin K at the time of birth. What is the best response by the nurse?

The newborn's GI tract does not have the needed bacteria

What gland adapts to the major endocrine and metabolic alterations that occur due to physiologic hormonal secretion?

The pituitary gland

An older adult client informs the nurse that although he is eating the same foods as usual and walking daily, there has been a weight gain. What does the nurse understand is related to a progressive decline in the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

There is a decrease in muscle mass and replacement with adipose tissue

How is the growth hormone related to issues with glucose regulation in pregnancy?

There is a decrease in the number of GH- producing cells

A client with diabetes mellitus develops sinusitis and otitis media accompanied by a temperature of 100.8° F (38.2° C). What effect do these findings have on his need for insulin?

They increase the need for insulin

What hormone is reduced during the first trimester but usually returns to normal for the remainder of the pregnancy?

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes insipidus. The nurse should anticipate administering:

Vasopressin

The endocrine pancreas consists of

islets of Langerhans, which are groups of cells scattered throughout, each containing four cells types.

The pituitary gland adapts to changes and all secretory axes that are affected, by

growing by 135% or its original size.

What is an anabolic hormone that promotes protein synthesis?

growth hormone