Endocrine system
hypothalamus gland
A
insulin; glucagon
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.
hormones
Chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extra cellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body
Dehydration, Weight loss
Diabetes Mellitus symptoms
decrease increase
Diabetes mellitus is when there is an _____ of insulin and ____ of glucose
Endocrine glands
Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood - rich in blood suply
ovary (female)
E
testis (male)
F
Pineal gland
G
Thymus
Gland that produces thymosin
intolerance to heat, elevated HR, weight loss, nervous
Graves' Disease consists of
Hyperthyroidism overproduction of thyroxine
Graves' Disease is a type of ____ or over production of ____
beta cells
Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called ________.
released upon stimulation by other hormones
Most hormones are ________.
Neural stimuli
Nerve fibers stimulate hormone release. EX: sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the adrenal medula
Hyposcecretion of FSH, LH and is when you are unable to produce eggs or sperm
Sterility is the ____ and is when ___
ovary
The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ________.
pancreas
The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.
Testis
The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.
Parathyroid glands
The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ________.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.
hormonal
The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ________.
Hypothalamus
The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by ________.
directly below the Adam's apple
The thyroid gland is located ________.
calcitonin and thyroid hormone
The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.
stimulates metabolism
What does Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine do
Glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids androgens and estrogens
What does the adrenal cortex produce
epinephrine and norephinephrine
What does the adrenal medulla produce
Inhibiting hormones oxytocin ADH Regulates anterior and posterior pituitary hormones
What does the hypothalamus release what does it regulate
insulin - beta cells Glucagon- alpha cells
What does the pancreas produce
Melatonin
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete
Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothronine (T3) Calcitonin
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce
Target organ
a given hormone that affects a only certain tissue cells or organs
Humoral stimuli
changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients may stimulate hormone release.
Hormonal stimuli
endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones. EX: hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones
hypersecretion of GH
gigantism is the ___ in childhood
Exocrine glands
glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a body surface (skin or mucosa)- not rich in blood supply
increase blood glucose level promote re-absorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys
what do Glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids androgens and estrogens do
support sperm formation development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
what do androgens do
stimulates follicles in ovaries
what does Follicle stimulating hormone do?
GH- Growth of bones & muscles & increases metabolism
what does Growth hormone do?
triggers ovulation & testis
what does LH do?
produces milk in the breast
what does Prolactin do?
stimulates thyroid gland
what does Thyroid stimulating hormone do?
-matures WBC- (lymphocytes) and develops immune system
what does Thymosin do
stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocoricoids
what does adrenocoricotropic hormone do?
reduces blood calcium levels
what does calcitonin do
raise blood glucose level; increase metabolism; constrict certain blood vessels
what does epinephrine and norephinephrine do
stimulate uterine growth development of secondary sex hormones
what does estrogen do
raises blood glucose levels
what does glucagon do
reduces blood glucose levels
what does insulin do
wake & sleep cycles
what does melatonin help establish
O- conctraction of uterus and milk ejection ADH- Promotes retention of water by kidneys
what does oxytocin do? ADH?
promotes growth of uterine lining
what does progesterone do
raise blood calcium levels
what does the parathyroid hormone do
Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone
what does the posterior pituitary gland release
parathyroid hormone
what hormone does the parathyroid gland produce
androgens
what hormone does the testes produce
Thymosin
what hormone does the thymus produce
Growth hormone Prolactin Follicle stimulating hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone adrenocoricotropic hormone
what hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce
estrogen and progesterone
what hormones does the ovary produce
