Endocrine system

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hypothalamus gland

A

insulin; glucagon

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

hormones

Chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extra cellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body

Dehydration, Weight loss

Diabetes Mellitus symptoms

decrease increase

Diabetes mellitus is when there is an _____ of insulin and ____ of glucose

Endocrine glands

Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood - rich in blood suply

ovary (female)

E

testis (male)

F

Pineal gland

G

Thymus

Gland that produces thymosin

intolerance to heat, elevated HR, weight loss, nervous

Graves' Disease consists of

Hyperthyroidism overproduction of thyroxine

Graves' Disease is a type of ____ or over production of ____

beta cells

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called ________.

released upon stimulation by other hormones

Most hormones are ________.

Neural stimuli

Nerve fibers stimulate hormone release. EX: sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the adrenal medula

Hyposcecretion of FSH, LH and is when you are unable to produce eggs or sperm

Sterility is the ____ and is when ___

ovary

The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ________.

pancreas

The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.

Testis

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.

Parathyroid glands

The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ________.

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.

hormonal

The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ________.

Hypothalamus

The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by ________.

directly below the Adam's apple

The thyroid gland is located ________.

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.

stimulates metabolism

What does Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine do

Glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids androgens and estrogens

What does the adrenal cortex produce

epinephrine and norephinephrine

What does the adrenal medulla produce

Inhibiting hormones oxytocin ADH Regulates anterior and posterior pituitary hormones

What does the hypothalamus release what does it regulate

insulin - beta cells Glucagon- alpha cells

What does the pancreas produce

Melatonin

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothronine (T3) Calcitonin

What hormones does the thyroid gland produce

Target organ

a given hormone that affects a only certain tissue cells or organs

Humoral stimuli

changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients may stimulate hormone release.

Hormonal stimuli

endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones. EX: hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones

hypersecretion of GH

gigantism is the ___ in childhood

Exocrine glands

glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a body surface (skin or mucosa)- not rich in blood supply

increase blood glucose level promote re-absorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys

what do Glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids androgens and estrogens do

support sperm formation development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics

what do androgens do

stimulates follicles in ovaries

what does Follicle stimulating hormone do?

GH- Growth of bones & muscles & increases metabolism

what does Growth hormone do?

triggers ovulation & testis

what does LH do?

produces milk in the breast

what does Prolactin do?

stimulates thyroid gland

what does Thyroid stimulating hormone do?

-matures WBC- (lymphocytes) and develops immune system

what does Thymosin do

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocoricoids

what does adrenocoricotropic hormone do?

reduces blood calcium levels

what does calcitonin do

raise blood glucose level; increase metabolism; constrict certain blood vessels

what does epinephrine and norephinephrine do

stimulate uterine growth development of secondary sex hormones

what does estrogen do

raises blood glucose levels

what does glucagon do

reduces blood glucose levels

what does insulin do

wake & sleep cycles

what does melatonin help establish

O- conctraction of uterus and milk ejection ADH- Promotes retention of water by kidneys

what does oxytocin do? ADH?

promotes growth of uterine lining

what does progesterone do

raise blood calcium levels

what does the parathyroid hormone do

Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone

what does the posterior pituitary gland release

parathyroid hormone

what hormone does the parathyroid gland produce

androgens

what hormone does the testes produce

Thymosin

what hormone does the thymus produce

Growth hormone Prolactin Follicle stimulating hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone adrenocoricotropic hormone

what hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce

estrogen and progesterone

what hormones does the ovary produce


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