2.12 simple carbohydrates
Glucose has a chemical formula of
C6H12O6
monosaccharides are an essential part of
DNA and RNA
glucose exists in two main structural forms:
a boat shape and a chair shape
deoxyribose
a five carbon monosaccharide; the sugar component of DNA
ribose
a five carbon monosaccharide; the sugar component of RNA
sucrose is composed of
a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule bonded together
simple carbohydrates are used
as a source of energy
in every carbohydrate, there are an equal number of carbon and oxygen atoms and twice
as many hydrogen atoms
glucose is the main
carbohydrate converted into energy by living things
fructose is a
common monosaccharide found in fruits
after being ingested, fructose is
converted into glucose that it can enter energy generating reactions
genes, which transfer traits from parent to offspring, are part of an organism's
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
_____________ and ____________ are monosaccharides ground in DNA and RNA, respectively
deoxyribose and ribose
after ingesting carbohydrates in various forms, living things _________
digest and break them down through a series of chemical reactions
when a carbohydrate is made of only two simple sugars like sucrose, it is a
disaccharide
lactose is a common ___________ found in milk products
disaccharide sugar
the word food in its most basic sense means
glucose
lactose is formed when a
glucose molecule and a galactose molecule form a chemical bond
a body converts carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into
glucose so usable energy can be produced
Fructose has same chemical formula as
glucose, but exists in a different structural form
food is ultimately broken down down into
glucose, the monosaccharide that provides chemical energy for the living thing
all mammals produce __________ for their offspring in the form of rich milk
lactose
lactose is also called
milk sugar
glucose is a common
monosaccharide
the basic unit of all carbohydrates is a single sugar called
monosaccharide
living things use carbohydrates - specifically the _______________ - as a source of chemical energy
monosaccharide glucose
carbohydrates are
organic compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
monosaccharides are
simple sugars
the building blocks of carbohydrates are
single sugar molecules
when you eat sweet things, what makes it sweet?
sucrose
most plants don't make sucrose but
sugarcane and sugar beets do; sucrose is harvested naturally from these
sucrose is
the chemical name for table sugar and is used as a sweetener
DNA contains _________________; RNA is the __________________
the instructions for building proteins; integral to the synthesis of those proteins
nucleic acids are
the molecules that contain and implement genetic control over the cell
a disaccharide is a carbohydrate molecule composed of
two monosaccharides bonded together
all carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of
1:2:1
simple sugars like glucose usually have
5 or 6 carbons atoms that are formed in a ring structure
