2.12 simple carbohydrates

Glucose has a chemical formula of

C6H12O6

monosaccharides are an essential part of

DNA and RNA

glucose exists in two main structural forms:

a boat shape and a chair shape

deoxyribose

a five carbon monosaccharide; the sugar component of DNA

ribose

a five carbon monosaccharide; the sugar component of RNA

sucrose is composed of

a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule bonded together

simple carbohydrates are used

as a source of energy

in every carbohydrate, there are an equal number of carbon and oxygen atoms and twice

as many hydrogen atoms

glucose is the main

carbohydrate converted into energy by living things

fructose is a

common monosaccharide found in fruits

after being ingested, fructose is

converted into glucose that it can enter energy generating reactions

genes, which transfer traits from parent to offspring, are part of an organism's

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

_____________ and ____________ are monosaccharides ground in DNA and RNA, respectively

deoxyribose and ribose

after ingesting carbohydrates in various forms, living things _________

digest and break them down through a series of chemical reactions

when a carbohydrate is made of only two simple sugars like sucrose, it is a

disaccharide

lactose is a common ___________ found in milk products

disaccharide sugar

the word food in its most basic sense means

glucose

lactose is formed when a

glucose molecule and a galactose molecule form a chemical bond

a body converts carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into

glucose so usable energy can be produced

Fructose has same chemical formula as

glucose, but exists in a different structural form

food is ultimately broken down down into

glucose, the monosaccharide that provides chemical energy for the living thing

all mammals produce __________ for their offspring in the form of rich milk

lactose

lactose is also called

milk sugar

glucose is a common

monosaccharide

the basic unit of all carbohydrates is a single sugar called

monosaccharide

living things use carbohydrates - specifically the _______________ - as a source of chemical energy

monosaccharide glucose

carbohydrates are

organic compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

monosaccharides are

simple sugars

the building blocks of carbohydrates are

single sugar molecules

when you eat sweet things, what makes it sweet?

sucrose

most plants don't make sucrose but

sugarcane and sugar beets do; sucrose is harvested naturally from these

sucrose is

the chemical name for table sugar and is used as a sweetener

DNA contains _________________; RNA is the __________________

the instructions for building proteins; integral to the synthesis of those proteins

nucleic acids are

the molecules that contain and implement genetic control over the cell

a disaccharide is a carbohydrate molecule composed of

two monosaccharides bonded together

all carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of

1:2:1

simple sugars like glucose usually have

5 or 6 carbons atoms that are formed in a ring structure