A&P Exam 2
Osteoprogenitor cells are described by all of the following except:
divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoclasts.
The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is
elastin
The lining of the medullary cavity is called the
endosteum
The repair of the epidermis after a wound begins as basal cells produce new
epidermal cells
The terms "thick" and "thin" refer to the relative thickness of which of the following?
epidermis
Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?
epidermis
During wound repair, the activity of which cells leads to the appearance of collagen fibers and typical ground substance?
fibroblasts
A shallow depression on a bone is termed a
fossa
Each of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is true except
most sebaceous glands are coiled tubular glands.
The periosteum contains all of the following except:
motor nerves
The narrow region between the head and shaft of a long bone is called the
neck
During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone.
ossification
Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called
osteoblasts
The process of osteolysis is performed by which cell population?
osteoclasts
________ free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels.
osteoclasts
The structural units of mature compact bone are called
osteons
Which component is not present in spongy bone?
osteons
Cyanosis signifies that a patient has
oxygen-starved skin
The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer.
papillary
In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are
parallel
All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands except that it
produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."
The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes and dendritic cells is the
stratum spinosum
All of the following are accessory structures of the skin except
subcutaneous fat
What supplies the articular cartilage of long bones with oxygen and nutrients?
synovial fluid
Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except
synthesis of vitamin C
Exocrine glands do all of the following except __________.
synthesize vitamin D3
In the stratum basale, which of the following specialized epithelial cells are sensitive to touch?
tactile discs
Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system?
tendons
If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red?
the blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response
All of the following are true of the dermis, except __________.
the hypodermis is part of the dermis
Perspiration is produced by ________ glands.
merocrine sweat
Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the
stratum corneum
The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. 1. blood clot/scab formation 2. cellular migration 3. epidermis covers granulation tissue 4. epidermis covers scar tissue Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?
1,2,3,4
Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person? There are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of the elderly. The epidermis is thinner in the elderly. Skin repairs take longer in the elderly.
All answers are correct
In appositional bone growth, how are layers of compact bone added to the bone's outer surface?
Bone is deposited by superficial osteoblasts.
________ are stronger than steel when stretched.
Collagen fibers
________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.
Dendritic cells
Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat-gain center?
In children, hypothalamic TRH release increases.
All of the following are characteristics of periosteum except:
It is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity.
How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
The bone would be more flexible.
________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.
Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
________ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.
Osteoprogenitor
________ are mesenchymal cells that develop into osteoblasts.
Osteoprogenitor cells
Which of the following statements regarding the internal structure of long bones is incorrect?
The wall of the diaphysis consists of a layer of spongy bone.
Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat-loss center?
The respiratory centers are stimulated
The effects of aging on the skin include
a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? blood cell production body support protection of internal organs calcium homeostasis
all answers are correct
large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area. an extensive capillary network. fibroblasts. clotted blood.
all of answers are correct
The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.
apocrine sweat
Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum
basale
The central canal of an osteon contains
blood vessels
During appositional growth,
bones grow wider
The most abundant mineral in the human body is
calcium
The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called
canaliculi
________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.
carotene
The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are
carotene and melanin
Several hours after an injury to the skin and a scab has formed, cells from which integumentary layer undergo rapid divisions and begin to migrate along the edge of the wound?
cells of the stratum basale of the epidermis
Earwax is produced by ________ glands.
ceruminous
Which of the following is not present in bone?
chondroitin sulfate
To form perforating fibers, osteoblasts from the cellular layer of the periosteum cement collagen fibers from tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules into which structures?
circumferential lamellae
The shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
On a hot August day at the beach, the lifeguard jumped up and ran into the water, throwing a life-buoy to a troubled swimmer calling for help, and pulling her to safety. He was happy to help the swimmer, and once back on the beach, he realized that being in the water cooled him off a great deal. What form of heat transfer contributed to his feeling more comfortable?
convection
All of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it
decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun
In bone, the calcium phosphate forms crystals of
hydroxyapatite
The area of the brain that regulates body temperature is the
hypothalamus
All of the following are true of the hypodermis except it
is attached to the dermis by the basement membrane
Convection:
is the result of conductive heat loss to the air that overlies the surface of the body.
A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called
keloid
The type of most cells that form the strata in the epidermis are
keratinocytes
The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a
lacuna
Scar tissue is the result of
large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of
loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.
The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed
malignant melanoma
The medullary cavity of bones contains
marrow
Immediately after an initial injury to the skin, bleeding and ______ occur.
mast cell activation
Which of the following best matches osteocyte?
mature bone cell
Fat is stored within the
medullary cavity
The most populous sweat glands are of which glandular type?
merocrine
Which primary mechanism of heat transfer is the direct transfer of energy through physical contact?
radiation
The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.
reticular
An intradermal injection is administered into which layer?
reticular layer of dermis
A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called
scab
Sebaceous glands:
secrete a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and electrolytes that have antibacterial properties.
Bones that develop within tendons are called ________ bones.
sesamoid
Which class of bones develops inside tendons and is most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet?
sesamoid bones
The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones.
short
A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a
sinus
Which is true regarding skin cancers?
skin cancers are the most common types of cancers
The substance called sebum is commonly known as
skin oil
________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.
spongy
Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because
stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.
In dark-skinned individuals, __________.
the melanosomes are larger
The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called
trabeculae
The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the
trochanter
All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it is
vascularized
Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?
vertebra