ABA 630 Midterm
During an observation in a classroom, a student calls out, "He just reached out and hit me all of a sudden for no reason!" This statement contradicts which assumption of behavior analysis?
Determinism
I have met with the teacher and have defined the behavior. I am beginning the process of collecting data on this behavior. My intention is to determine the functional relation between the environment and the behavior. This demonstrates which assumption of behavior analysis?
Determinism
I haven't eaten for several hours. I come up to the teachers' lounge that always have treats in a basket. I immediately grab a snack when I get there. In relation to my grabbing a snack behavior, the basket of treats served as a(n) ____.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
John pulls into the Philly Soft Pretzel Factory parking lot. When the sign is off, John can pull on the door all he wants, but cannot access the pretzels. Thus, when the open sign is on, John can pull on the door and has access to hot pretzels. In relation to John's pulling on the door behavior, the open sign being on served as a(n) ____.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Pete's friend Shawn wants to ask Julie out on a date. When she is by herself, Julie will be friendlier to Shawn. When her friends are close by, she will be more aloof towards Shawn. The fact that Shawn will only approach Julie to flirt when she is by herself is what?
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
what 3 questions are considered when creating a good definition of target behavior?
1. can you count the number of times the behavior occurs (yes) 2. could a stranger read it and know exactly what to look for? (yes) 3. can you break down the behavior into smaller components (no)
What year is the acknowledged date of the formal beginning of contemporary applied behavior analysis?
1968
Which of the following studies behavior in laboratory conditions?
EAB
Which part of the four-term contingency is noticeably absent during a positive punishment procedure? a. Establishing Operation b. Discriminative Stimulus c. Response d. Consequence
EO
I created a behavior plan to reduce Tom's aggressive behavior during gym class. However, recent data has indicated that the incidences of aggressive behavior have actually increased. I decide to revise the plan until I find a plan that leads to a decrease in aggressive behavior. Which dimension of ABA does this represent?
Effective
After receiving a referral from a teacher concerned about the behavior of one of his students, I schedule a meeting. I am planning to leave this meeting with a precise definition of the behavior of concern and a plan for how I will measure this behavior. This demonstrates which assumption of behavior analysis?
Empiricism
Bill enjoys going to the driving range. It has been 7 days since his last trip to the range. With each passing day, going to the range becomes more valuable as a reinforcer. In relation to Bill's going to the range behavior, the passage of time away from the range served as a(n) ____.
Establishing Operation (EO)
Bill just finished hitting about 70 golf balls at the driving range. He looks at his bucket and sees that it is almost empty. The sight of the nearly empty bucket evokes going to the counter to purchase one of the full buckets of balls. In relation to the purchasing a full bucket of balls behavior, the sight of the nearly empty bucket of golf balls served as a(n) ____.
Establishing Operation (EO)
I haven't eaten for several hours. I come up to the teachers' lounge that always has treats in a basket. I immediately grab a snack when I get there. In relation to my grabbing a snack behavior, not eating for several hours served as a(n) ____.
Establishing Operation (EO)
Pete's friend Shawn wants to ask Julie out on a date. Shawn has not been on a date in a while. When she is by herself, Julie will be friendlier to Shawn after he approaches her. When her friends are close by, she will be more aloof towards Shawn when he approaches her. The fact that Shawn has not had a date in a while, which evokes approach behavior is what?
Establishing Operation (EO)
The following are examples of unconditioned reinforcers: a. Food b. Water c. Stickers d. Food and Water Only e. Water and Stickers only
Food and Water Only
I have taught Sarah how to appropriately ask for help when she is struggling with decoding a word. I have used the same strategy to teach her to ask for help when she is struggling with a math problem. Sarah is now able to ask for help when she doesn't understand directions in Art class. This demonstrates which dimension of ABA?
Generality
Once procedures are put in place that significantly increase Bill's hand raising behavior during math class, the same procedure is put into place during science class. The plan is to increase hand raising behavior not only in math class, but also in science class. This represents which dimension of ABA?
Generality
In which of the following is behavior studied in conditions that are considered more similar to daily living, and not laboratory-like?
ABA
I am attempting to determine the function of Bill's calling out behavior. I first ask the teacher to offer only praise when he raises his hand in math class. The next week, I ask the teacher to praise Bill and offer him a sticker when he raises his hand in math class. The following week, I ask the teacher to offer Bill praise, a sticker, and a cookie when he raises his hand in math class. I ask the teacher to go through each of these conditions one more time and monitor how often Bill raises his hand during each of these weeks. Which dimension of ABA does this represent?
Analytic
ABA strategies are used in public schools, private schools, group homes, vocational sites, rehabilitation sites, business settings, and in parents' homes to address a variety of socially significant behavioral issues. Which dimension of ABA does this represent?
Applied
Who wrote the article, "Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis," that defined the field of applied behavior analysis?
Baer, Wolf, & Risley
At an IEP meeting, the teacher referred to the student in a negative way and commented that this student cannot be educated. I instead chose to focus on strategies that can be used to teach the student to stay in her seat, look at the teacher, wait to be called on before talking, and following simple directions. Which dimension of ABA does this represent?
Behavioral
Kate's teacher is concerned about Kate's recent diagnosis of a learning disability. The teacher is concerned about how this diagnosis will affect Kate's self-esteem. I choose to develop a plan that will increase Kate's measurable behavior of fluency with math facts. This represents which dimension of ABA?
Behavioral
Which of the following is/are examples of behavior? X = Telling your teacher the answer to the question. Y = Thinking about the right answer to the question.
Both
Bill's teacher is concerned about how often he calls out in math class, and she would like him to raise his hand more often. I suggest that she offer more praise and incentives to Bill contingent upon hand raising behavior. This discussion about positive reinforcement strategies represents which dimension of ABA?
Conceptually Systematic
Operant behavior is determined by its history of:
Consequences
Which of the following rejects private events as important?
Methodological Behaviorism
After I bang my leg on the table while walking by it, I will stop and rub my leg to help soothe the pain. In the future when I bang my leg, I am more likely to rub the spot that hurts. This is an example of:
Negative Reinforcement
Zachary hits his sister, and his sister runs away to avoid another hit. His sister starts to run away from him every time she sees him. This is an example of:
Negative Reinforcement
Which of the following is/are examples of behavior? X = Not moving from your seat after the teacher tells you to stand. Y = Knowing the rules of the classroom.
Neither
I received a referral from Jose's teacher in January. She expressed that Jose tends to exhibit "shaking" behavior when attempting to complete school work. The IEP team has recommended that Jose be taken to the doctor for an MRI to investigate possible neurological reasons for the shaking. I recommend that Jose be given a sweatshirt to wear over his t-shirt. My approach demonstrates which assumption of behavior analysis?
Parsimony
I have developed a behavior plan for Tina's calling out behavior that includes extinction. However, it soon becomes apparent that the calling out behavior may be related to escape instead of attention. Therefore, I make a change to the behavior plan to address this information. This action demonstrates which assumption of behavior analysis?
Philosophical Doubt
Tonya walks down the hallway with her hands at her sides and not touching the wall. Her teacher gives her a token. Tonya walks down the hall with her hands at her sides more often. This is an example of:
Positive Reinforcement
When at the supermarket, Phillip will fall on the ground yelling out for candy. His mother will give him candy. Phillip yells for candy every time he is in the supermarket. This is an example of:
Positive Reinforcement
Scientists attempt to _______ and _______ their subject matter.
Predict/Control
Which of the following embodies Skinner's world view?
Radical Behaviorism
What kind of behavior is best described as a stimulus-response relationship, where the stimulus elicits the response?
Respondent behavior
I am sure to include great detail when writing behavior plans for my students. Many people can implement the plan after reading it because it has been written very clearly. Which dimension of ABA does this represent?
Technological
My eye twitches. I place my finger on my eyelid, and it stops. My rate of placing my finger on my eye has increased over the past week. How would you describe the consequence? (conditioned or unconditioned)
Unconditioned
Which of the following is/are an example of punishment? X = Matt started to feel a headache after he lit the green colored candle and never used that candle again. Y = Matt started to feel a headache and drank a few glasses of cool water to relieve the pain and made sure to drink many more glasses of water for the rest of the hot day.
X
Which of the following statements are true? X = Behaviors that receive intermittent reinforcement have greater resistance to extinction. Y = Behaviors that require more response effort have greater resistance to extinction.
X
Which of the following is/are a public behavior? X = Samantha is swinging on the swing set by herself. Y = Samantha is thinking about how she will study for her test tomorrow.
X is a public behavior
Which of the following is/are examples of behavior? X = Anger about the choices available for lunch. Y = Digesting the delicious lunch.
Y
Which of the following statements is not true regarding operant conditioning? a. A learner needs to be aware of contingencies in order for it to be effective b. A consequence will only affect future behavior c. The consequences that have the greatest effect are those that are provided immediately following the response d. A consequence stimuli will impact any behavior, not only the targeted behavior
a. A learner needs to be aware of contingencies in order for it to be effective
Which statement correctly defines the tactic of extinction? a. Extinction is a procedure that provides zero probability of reinforcement. b. Extinction is a procedure in which punishment of a previously punished behavior is discontinued. c Extinction is a procedure in which behavior is put on a continuous reinforcement schedule.
a. Extinction is a procedure that provides zero probability of reinforcement.
Which of the following would be considered an explanatory fiction? a. Jim works in order to get paid b. Joe raises his hand because his teacher has praised him for raising his hand in the past. c. Jill scratches her peers because in the past they have left her alone after being scratched. d. Jack talks to himself because he has not taken his Thorazine this week.
a. Jim works in order to get paid
After I bang my leg on the table while walking by it, I will stop and rub my leg to help soothe the pain. In the future when I bang my leg, I am more likely to rub the spot that hurts. What is the MO that evokes rubbing my leg behavior? a. Pain from banging my leg b. The table c. My hand d. Relief from pain
a. Pain from banging my leg
Zachary hits his sister, and his sister runs away to avoid another hit. His sister starts to run away from him every time she sees him. What is the MO in this scenario that evokes running away behavior? a. Pain from hit b. Zachary c. Zachary's sister d. Avoiding the pain from a hit
a. Pain from hit
Shaping primarily should be used to: a. Teach new behaviors b. Decrease the frequency of undesired behaviors c. Either of the above
a. Teach new behaviors
Which of the following is an example of a behavior-altering relation? a. The sight of your meal getting dropped off by your waiter evokes you saying, "I can't wait to eat this." b. In the past, whenever you went to that restaurant, you didn't like your meal. c. In the past, you went to a restaurant that gave you bad seafood making you sick. As a result of that experience, you now gag every time you smell seafood. d. Italian restaurants are the most popular restaurants in this area.
a. The sight of your meal getting dropped off by your waiter evokes you saying, "I can't wait to eat this." - you wouldn't say I can't wait to eat this if there was no SD
During gym class, Ms. Kennedy will allow the winning team to use the water fountain that has the coldest water before the other students. For this reason, on the days when the students are running races on the hot track outside, every student tries to run as fast as they can to get to the cold water first. The fast running behavior is being maintained by: a. Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement (SR+) b. Conditioned Positive Reinforcement (Sr+) c. Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement (SR-) d. Conditioned Negative Reinforcement (Sr-)
a. Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement (SR+)
Positive and negative reinforcement are similar in that: a. They both produce an increase in responding. b. They both involve a stimulus change following a target behavior. c. They can either be conditioned or unconditioned. d. All of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is an important aspect of time-out? a. The discrepancy between "time-out" and "time-in" must be great b. The loss of access to reinforcement must be contingent upon a target behavior c. There is a resultant decrease in the future probability of the behavior d. All of the above
all of the above
Paul's friend asks him what TV show is his favorite. Paul, a 27 year-old man, answers, "Sesame Street." Paul's friend laughs. The question served as a(n):
antecedent
Escape or Avoidance? I put on my winter coat before leaving the house every day in January.
avoidance
David's teacher Ms. Burke has instituted a classroom management plan that includes a token economy that she calls "Burke Bucks." Her "Burke Bucks" can be turned in to receive additional time playing a game on the computer. David tends to call out in class instead of raising his hand to answer a question. Ms. Burke offers to David two "Burke Bucks" for each time she observes him raising his hand. David begins to raise his hand more often. David's hand-raising behavior is being maintained by: a. Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement (SR+) b. Conditioned Positive Reinforcement (Sr+) c. Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement (SR-) d. Conditioned Negative Reinforcement (Sr-)
b. Conditioned Positive Reinforcement (Sr+)
Which of the following is not a characteristic of EAB? a. Focuses on behaviors easy to quantify in a laboratory setting. b. Focuses on socially significant behaviors out in the real world. c. Uses some continuous, automated data recording. d. Considered to be the scientific foundation of ABA.
b. Focuses on socially significant behaviors out in the real world.
Tonya walks down the hallway with her hands at her sides and not touching the wall. Her teacher gives her a token. Tonya walks down the hall with her hands at her sides more often. What is the SD that evokes walking down the hall with hands at her side behavior? a. Deprivation from tokens b. Her teacher c. The wall d. The token
b. Her teacher
Skinner discovered many of the principles of: a. Respondent Conditioning b. Operant Conditioning c. Law of Effect d. Motivating Operations
b. Operant Conditioning
Which of the following would not be an example of an explanatory fiction? a. Peter has stolen food from his classmates because he is hungry. b. Suzie turned in her homework on time because she has received a gold star for doing so in the past. c. Jackie struggles to read her textbook because she has a learning disability. d. Philip tore his math paper because he was frustrated with the task.
b. Suzie turned in her homework on time because she has received a gold star for doing so in the past.
The definition of a Motivating Operation includes two critical components. They are:
behavior-altering and value-altering effect
Which of the following is/are a mentalistic explanation? Steve is distracted in class because: X = Steve has ADHD. Y = Steve knows that he will never do well in school.
both
Which of the following statements are true? X = Behavior analysts should not shy away from punishment. Y = Punishment should only be used when it is socially-mediated.
both are true
Which statement correctly defines extinction burst? a. The gradual decline in frequency of a target behavior after the removal of the reinforcer b. A gradual increase in frequency of a target behavior after the removal of the reinforcer. c. An immediate increase in the frequency of a target behavior after the removal of the reinforcer. d. An immediate decline in the frequency of a target behavior after the removal of the reinforcer.
c. An immediate increase in the frequency of a target behavior after the removal of the reinforcer.
When at the supermarket, Phillip will fall on the ground yelling out for candy. His mother will give him candy. Phillip yells for candy every time he is in the supermarket. What is the SD that evokes yelling for candy behavior in this scenario? a. The supermarket b. Hunger c. His mother d. The candy
c. His mother
Which of the following is not a possible side effect of using punishment? a. Elicitation of undesirable emotional response and aggression b. Escape and Avoidance c. Modeling desirable behavior d. Not teaching the learner what to do
c. Modeling desirable behavior
After I bang my leg on the table while walking by it, I will stop and rub my leg to help soothe the pain. In the future when I bang my leg, I am more likely to rub the spot that hurts. What is the SD that evokes rubbing my leg behavior? a. Pain from banging my leg b. The table c. My hand d. Relief from pain
c. My hand
Positive and negative reinforcement are different in that: a. Only in positive reinforcement is a temporal relation important b. Only in negative reinforcement does the three-term contingency apply c. Only in positive reinforcement is a stimulus added following a response d. All of the above
c. Only in positive reinforcement is a stimulus added following a response
When Stacy got out of her seat during science class, her teacher reminded her to stay seated while the experiment was taking place. When Stacy stood up the second time, her teacher walked her back to her chair. When Stacy stood up from her chair for the third time, her teacher yelled across the room, "Stacy, I told you to stay in your seat!" Stacy did not get out of her seat another time during science class. In relation to Stacy's out of seat behavior, the teacher's yell served as a: a. Positive Reinforcer b. Negative Reinforcer c. Positive Punisher d. Negative Punisher
c. Positive Punisher
Mr. Hamels has been using his token system for about 4 weeks. While he noticed an improvement in rates of positive behavior initially, he has recently seen an increase in rates of calling out behavior. Mr. Hamels has decided that he will make an addition to his classroom management system. Whenever Mr. Hamels observes a student calling out, he will directly fine the student who called out from his or her bank of tokens. As a result, he has seen a decrease in the rate of calling out behavior in his classroom. This addition to Mr. Hamels' classroom management plan is an example of: a. Restitutional overcorrection b. Reprimand c. Response Cost d. Response Blocking
c. Response Cost
Every year on his birthday, Phil was given a scratch-off lottery ticket. On his 22nd birthday, Phil won $500 on a ticket. While he hasn't won that much in over 10 years, Phil still makes sure to get a scratch-off lottery ticket on his birthday because it is his lucky day. How would you describe Phil's scratch-off lottery ticket buying behavior? a. Positively reinforced b. Negatively reinforced c. Rule-governed behavior d. None of the above
c. Rule-governed behavior
Which of the following behaviors would be due to phylogeny? a. Running from a spider b. Swerving a car when a squirrel runs in the road c. Salivating at the smell of food d. Leaving the building at the sound of a fire alarm
c. Salivating at the smell of food
Which of the following is not a qualification that must be considered to determine the effect of reinforcement? a. The time between the response and the introduction of the reinforcer b. The relationship between the conditions when the response occurred and the stimulus provided c. The time of the day when the reinforcer is presented d. The role of motivation
c. The time of the day when the reinforcer is presented
Sally's teacher likes to keep the classroom cold at all times of the year. For that reason, he has the air conditioner turned on high even during the month of April. Sally does not like being cold, and is very uncomfortable in the classroom. She puts on her sweatshirt that she had hanging in the coat closet, and immediately doesn't feel cold anymore. Sally begins to wear her sweatshirt to school every day. Sally's sweatshirt wearing behavior is being maintained by: a. Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement (SR+) b. Conditioned Positive Reinforcement (Sr+) c. Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement (SR-) d. Conditioned Negative Reinforcement (Sr-)
c. Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement (SR-)
Which of the following is an example of a value-altering relation? a. Ice cream is my favorite food. b. I stop at an ice cream parlor on my way home from the driving range about 25% of the time. c. When I hear the song playing on the ice cream truck, I am more likely to buy us all ice cream when it is hot outside. d. I never go down the ice cream aisle at the supermarket because it is too cold.
c. When I hear the song playing on the ice cream truck, I am more likely to buy us all ice cream when it is hot outside.
a good definition of target behavior should be...
clear, concise, complete
A son is pestering his mother while she is on the phone, so she sends him to his room. She is able to continue the conversation without interruptions. In the future, she sends her son to his room the first time he interrupts. (Mom is the behaver). How would you describe the consequence? (conditioned or unconditioned)
conditioned
Molly is asked to get her book and start reading. Molly gets her book and starts reading. Molly is given access to an interesting story. Access to the interesting story served as a(n):
consequence
The teacher asks the class which planet is closest to the sun. Jake raises his hand and says, "Mercury." The teacher gives Jake a high five and smiles. The high five served as a(n):
consequence
Correct or Incorrect? Sharon reinforced Shelly's tap dancing behavior by giving her a high five.
correct
Correct or Incorrect? Shelly's tap dancing increased in rate after Beth praised (reinforced) her dancing.
correct
Shaping involves: a. Reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior b. Creating response differentiation between responses that are closer to the terminal behavior and those that are not c. Placing responses that are not a closer approximation of the terminal behavior on extinction d. All of these
d. All of these
1. The key difference between nonexclusion and exclusion time-out is: a. With nonexclusion time-out, the individual is not totally removed from the instructional environment b. There are no differences, they both result in the same effect on behavior c. With exclusion time-out, the individual is at least partially removed from the instructional environment d. Both A. and C.
d. Both A. and C.
According to Skinner, human behavior may have been produced during all of the following except: a. I am more likely to visit my grandmother than my uncle because my grandmother always compliments my looks and my professional accomplishments b. When we walk into the library, my son immediately changes the volume of his voice to match how quietly the other patrons are speaking c. I moved my hand when I accidentally leaned on the hot stove d. I squinted my eyes in the sun because my mother always tells me that I am doing a good job
d. I squinted my eyes in the sun because my mother always tells me that I am doing a good job
Kate throws a temper tantrum in school whenever recess has ended and she can no longer play with her friends. Every time that Kate threw a temper tantrum her teacher, Ms. Potts, sent Kate to the office. Kate's number of temper tantrums declined after being sent to the office. What procedure was operating on Kate's temper tantrum behavior? a. Positive Reinforcement b. Negative Reinforcement c. Positive Punishment d. Negative Punishment
d. Negative Punishment
While ____ is defined as the reappearance of the behavior after it has diminished to its pre-reinforcement level, ______ is defined as the reoccurrence of a previously reinforcement behavior when reinforcement for an alternative behavior is terminated. a. Resurgence; spontaneous recovery b. Response variation; resurgence c. Response magnitude; response variation d. Spontaneous recovery; resurgence
d. Spontaneous recovery; resurgence
Which of the following is not associated with extinction? a. Spontaneous Recovery b. Aggression c. Extinction Burst d. Stable Responding
d. Stable Responding
Sam had free access to the toys in the playroom, except when he started screaming. Then Dawn would set him in a chair for two minutes. What procedure was being used? a. Overcorrection b. Response Cost c. Contingent Excercise d. Time-out
d. Time-out
Which of the following statements is not a common misuse of the term extinction? a. Referring to any decrease in behavior b. Confusing forgetting and extinction c. Confusing noncontingent reinforcement and extinction d. Withholding of reinforcers that maintain the behavior
d. Withholding of reinforcers that maintain the behavior
It is apparent that punishment has occurred when a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that ________________ the future frequency of similar responses.
decreases
Escape or Avoidance? When I am feeling lonely, I call my friend to chat or ask for a visit
escape
True or False: The first time Steven went to his new school, he was given a sticker after he hung up his coat. That sticker is likely the reason why Steven hung up his coat on this first day of school.
false
True or False: The amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a response class is called response latency.
false - Inter-response Time (IRT)
If the there is a specific change in one event (dependent variable) that is reliably produced after specific manipulations of another event (independent variable), and the change was unlikely a result of other extraneous factors (confounding variable), then what can be derived:
functional relation
When Brian knows the answer to the question, he calls out, raises his hand, writes down the answer, or tells his friend. These responses constitute a:
functional response class
Resistance to extinction is ______________ when extinction is carried out under high motivation than under low. (greater or lower)
greater
Correct or Incorrect? Shelly's tap dancing decreased after Tim praised her.
incorrect
Correct or Incorrect? Sharon reinforced Shelly for tap dancing.
incorrect (reinforce bx not people)
During math class, will attention given by the teacher function as a reinforcer? If attention is given for raising your hand, calling out, shouting, getting out of your seat, etc.
no
Is this an example of Reinforcement? Teresa was hungry, and she asked her mother for a cookie. Teresa's mother said, "How do you ask?" Teresa said, "Please?" Teresa's mother praised her for saying please and gave her a cookie. However, the next time Teresa was hungry, she did not say the word "please."
no
Joe began to tap dance as soon as Kristin said she would marry him. Is this an example of reinforcement?
no
Kristin offered Joe a big hug if he would tap dance for her; he immediately began to tap dance. Is this an example of reinforcement?
no
Will a cookie function as a reinforcer for asking nicely for a cookie? If the cookie is given 2 hours after asking nicely for a cookie?
no
Which of the following statements are true about the effective use of punishment? X = Use the most intense punishment that is effective. Y = Deliver the punishment only at the end of the day to leave a lasting impression.
none are true
Operant extinction is the process by which a previously _________ response is weakened by _________ reinforcement.
reinforced/withholding
Differential reinforcement consists of:
reinforcement and extinction
A single response can reoccur, thus, a response has the dimensional quantity of _____________. a. Temporal Locus b. Temporal Extent c. Repeatability
repeatability
_______ refers to a specific instance of behavior.
response
A single response occupies time, thus, a response has the dimensional quantity of _____________. a. Temporal Locus b. Temporal Extent c. Repeatability
temporal extent
A single response occurs at a point in time, thus, a response has the dimensional quantity of _____________. a. Temporal Locus b. Temporal Extent c. Repeatability
temporal locus
topography
the shape or form of the behavior - what it looks like
I see my friend and wave to say "hello" to get her attention. I move my hand in front of my shoulder, rotating my wrist back and forth repeatedly, to about a 45 degree angle on each side, for a period of about three seconds. This is an example of:
topographical description
The teacher asks what her favorite color is and Linda points to her blue crayon. She moves her hand into a fist formation, but take out her first finger and extends the finger beyond the hand. She moves her hand so that her extended finger is close to the blue crayon. This illustrates a:
topographical description
True or False: The number of response opportunities to achieve a predetermined level of performance is called trials-to-criterion.
true
Electric shock is an example of a ___________ punisher, while time-out is an example of a ______________ punisher
unconditioned/conditioned
function
why reason why the behavior occurs
A son is pestering his mother while she is on the phone, so she sends him to his room. She is able to continue the conversation without interruptions. In the future, she sends her son to his room the first time he interrupts. (Mom is the behaver). As a consequence, was a stimulus added to the environment or withdrawn from the environment?
withdrawn (negative reinforcement)
My eye twitches. I place my finger on my eyelid, and it stops. My rate of placing my finger on my eye has increased over the past week. As a consequence, was a stimulus added to the environment or withdrawn from the environment?
withdrawn (negative reinforcement)
The research design used more often in EAB is:
within subject experimental designs
During math class, will attention given by the teacher function as a reinforcer? If attention is given only for raising your hand.
yes
Is this an example of Reinforcement? Ellie was hungry, and she asked her mother for a cookie using the word "Please." Ellie's mother praised her use of the word "Please," and gave her a cookie. As a result, Ellie used the word please more often.
yes
Is this an example of Reinforcement? Keith was hungry, and he asked his mother for a cookie at the supermarket. Keith's mother said, "Not now." Keith then flopped on the ground yelling, "I want a cookie." His mother gave him a cookie. In the future, Keith flopped on the ground and yelled for a cookie whenever he was at the supermarket.
yes
Is this an example of Reinforcement? Thomas was hungry at work and was experiencing a pain in his stomach. He found a granola bar in his desk and ate it. The pain went away. In the future, when Thomas experienced a pain in his stomach, he was more likely to find a granola bar and eat it.
yes
Will a cookie function as a reinforcer for asking nicely for a cookie? If the cookie is given right after asking nicely for a cookie?
yes
Which is the flagship journal of our applied research?
JABA
