Abnormal Psychology Test 3 pt2
An 8 week program regarding eating disorder prevention that is administered via the Internet is known as
"Student Bodies"
Lifetime prevalence rates of eating disorders among women range from _______ to ________%
0.9; 3.5
Only about ______% of those in an eating disorder seek mental health care
6
A physical examination can focus on height and weight to determine
BMI, heart rate and rhythm, muscle tone, and stregnth
Which of the following statements about cultural syndromes and eating disorders is correct
Bulimia nervosa probably is a cultural syndrome, but anorexia nervosa probably is not
Which patient with anorexia will be most likely to have a good outcome from treatment
Micha, who is 13, developed the disorder last year, and has the restricting subtype
When eating disorders are comorbid with depression, anxiety, obsessive thoughts, or purging, then _______ are often prescribed
SSRIs
Mishka is in cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa. She and her therapist have been talking a lot about the reasons behind her low self-esteem. Which stage of treatment is she in?
Stage 2
Which interview focused on major disorders contains questions about anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa symptoms?
Structured Clinical Interview
Focus on reducing conflict among family members and ensuring everyone can maintain appropriate patterns of food preparation and consumption occurs _______ a person has left the hospital
after
Carol is age 20 and underweight. She has not had a menstrual cycle for the past six months. The fact that she has not menstruated indicates she is experiencing
amenorrhea
Jon has a binge-eating disorder. A study of his brain indicates that the connections between his lateral hypothalamus and ___________ are abnormal, possibly leading him to respond more to learned cues rather than feelings of fullness with regard to his eating behavior.
amygdala
Features of ________ include eating more rapidly than normal, eating despite feeling uncomfortably full, eating large amounts even when not hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment over quantity of food consumed, and feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty after over eating.
anorexia
People with _______ refuse to maintain a minimum, normal weight and have an intense fear of gaining weight
anorexia nervosa
A common comorbidity link has been discovered between
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Genetic influence is probably strongest for
anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype
Chantal is 10% below what her physician says would be an ideal body weight for her. She eats very little food, and what she does eat she tends to try to get rid of by taking laxatives. Chantal has
anorexia nervosa; purging subtype
Serious restriction of food intake that increases over time, combined with being deliberately underweight, having an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of one's body, describes
anorexia nervosa; restricting subtype
Norman has been having repeated episodes of severe delusional thoughts regarding his body image, even though his body is quite normal looking. Norman would probably be a good candidate for
antipsychotic medication
Racial or ethnic differences in the occurrence of eating disorders in America
appear to be minimal
The stigma associated with eating disorders seem to be mainly from the widespread belief that persons with an eating disorder
are largely responsible for their own problems
Julia has been undergoing interviews, questionnaires, self-monitoring, and physical judgement regarding her eating behavior. These methods are used in
assessment of eating disorders
Bulimia nervosa is most notably marked by
binge eating and vomiting
The main causal model of eating disorders given by your text emphasizes __________, __________, and ___________ factors.
biological; psychological; sociocultural
Major cognitive risk factors for eating disorder include
body dissatisfaction and body image disturbance
Rachel Webb writes a letter to Mia, which is a name she has for
bulimia nervosa
The disorder marked by binge eating, inappropriate methods to prevent weight gain, and self evaluation greatly influenced by body shape and weight is
bulimia nervosa
Up to 50% of those with anorexia nervosa develop _________ symptoms
bulimia nervosa
Joelle has moments of binge eating that are beyond most people's imagination--entire bags of cookies, whole loaves of bread, and two or three frozen pizzas all in one sitting. After these sessions, she feels horrible, and has a compulsion to make up for the overconsumption somehow. She can't quite bring herself to induce vomiting, so she fasts for two or more days to make up for her binge. Joelle has
bulimia nervosa with nonpurging compensatory behaviors
Your text describes eating disorders in general
by degree, like many other mental disorders
If you find yourself monitoring everything you eat and when you eat it, are constantly thinking about weight and food, dieting strictly, 10% below your healthy weight, and have a low energy level, you should
consult a clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional
Weight concerns, body dissatisfaction and eating problems are issues that may vary in intensity over time, because they occur along a
continuum
Biological treatment for eating disorder includes which of the following?
controlled weight gain
Leigh Anne has been hospitalized for anorexia nervosa. At nighttime, the staff inserts a nasogastric tube to supply some basic nutrition. When she eats any part of her meals, she is heartily praised. Meals are kept small, but snacks are provided in between. What treatment is Leigh Anne undergoing?
controlled weight gain
The biological treatment of eating disorders with underweight issues will include
controlled weight gain and medication
A personality feature cited as a risk factor for bulimia nervosa is
impulsivity
Some people have an inability to keep themselves from eating large amounts of food. These people often consume excessive quantities of food and are considered to have a(n)
lack of control over eating
Factors that respondents to a survey believe are more to anorexia nervosa than to other diagnostic groups include
lack of social support, lack of self-discipline, and poor parenting
Edie has an eating disorder. She is keeping an electronic diary as part of her assessment program. What might she document in that diary?
meals, thoughts about her body, and fears of becoming fat
Achieving and maintaining normal weight is important for
reducing risk of diabetes
A leading factor in eating disorder is substantial _______ given by family members to a person who has lost significant weight who is thus thought to have demonstrated great self-control
reinforcement
The neurotransmitter most strongly connected to eating disorders with its effect on mood, obsessive thinking, impulsivity, eating behavior, and satiety is
serotonin
One explanation for the comorbidity of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder with substance abuse disorders is that they all
share impulse control problems
Rates of core eating disorder symptoms in females aged 11-26 years are
similar for Europen American, African American, Asian American, and Latina females
People with anorexia nervosa have extreme misperceptions of
their own body image
In the case study on Lisa in Chapter 8, Lisa continued to binge and purge until she noticed
there was blood in her vomit
Although eating disorders occur less frequently than anxiety or mood disorders, they should be a major concern because
they have the highest death rate of any major mental disorder
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa consists of
three stages
Self-documenting or recording one's eating behavior can be conveniently accomplished by
using an electronic diary
People who feel they are overweight much of the time, even when they are not, and view their weight negatively, have
weight concerns
Eating disorders appear to be on the rise among male
wrestlers
Drive for thinness may link to genes located on chromosomes
1, 2, and 13
Anorexia nervosa has a mortality rate of about _______ due to starvation and suicide
10%
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa lasts about
18 weeks
When dealing with controlled weight gain, a mental health professional should expect only small gains in weight per week usually about _______ lbs per week
2-4
About _______% of undergraduate women have concerns about anorexia or bulimia and ________% report moderate problems regarding weight control, worries about body image, and lack of control over eating.
6; 25-40
An American subculture of women who seem to have some immunity to the problems associated with the "thin idea" are
African American
European-American women report higher levels of body dissatisfaction than
African-American women
Betts has anorexia nervosa. Chelsea has bulimia nervosa. Whom will most likely have the better prognosis?
Chelsea
A common structured interview for eating disorders is the
Eating Disorders Examination
Which of the following is an example of a psychological diathesis for an eating disorder?
Low self-esteem
Eating an amount of food in a limited time period that is much larger than most people would eat in that circumstance refers to
binge eating
Personality and substance use disorders are common in people with bulimia nervosa and
binge eating disorder
Some people have recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors such as purging, exercise, or fasting. These people have
binge eating disorder
Aimee is constantly worried about her appearance. She is sure that her thighs are too fat, although her friends insist sincerely that she looks fantastic. Yet Aimee still avoids wearing shorts and going swimming because she is embarrassed by and worried about her appearance. Aimee is experiencing which main component of an eating disorder?
body dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction or distress with one's appearance, an overinvestment in the way one appears, and avoidance of certain situations or things because they elicit body concerns refers to
body dissatisfaction
Genetics, brain, or neurochemical features that lead some people to have trouble regulating mood or behavior, and to react strongly when upset or stressed, would be biological
diathesis
Mark has been participating in psychological treatment for his eating disorder. Sessions with family members are alternated with intense therapy focusing on his thoughts and behaviors. This intense treatment is referred to as
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Eating disorders are especially relevant to
college age young adults
One study of 135 males with eating disorders showed a prevalence of
comorbidity with other disorders
Purging and nonpurging are subtypes of
compensatory behaviors
A cognitive-behavioral approach to bulimia nervosa includes
critque of social standards, challenging beliefs, and developing normal eating patterns
Eating disorders have been described as ______, or problems that appear only in certain cultures and Western, industrialized nations
cultural syndromes
Eating disorders, like mental disorders in general, can be effectively understood with the ________ model.
diathesis-stress
Eating disorders are comorbid with problems such as
depression and body dysmorphic disorder
Many therapists prefer to use unstructured interviews. Structured interviews usually rely upon
diagnostic criteria
SSRI medications are not overly helpful with people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa because the drugs
do not increase weight
Sandy has anorexia nervosa and reports having very little motivation to seek food. Disruption in her ________ system may make food less rewarding for Sandy resulting in her low motivation for eating
dopamine
Some people have intense weight concerns and body dissatisfaction that escalate toward a(n)
eating disorder
People with anorexia nervosa lose weight mainly by _______ and _________
eating less; exercising excessively
Weight concerns and body dissatisfaction are two of the three key components of an eating disorder. The third major component is
eating problems
In addition to reviewing monitoring sheets and other homework assignments, the therapist also provides
education about the nature of bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder prevention programs focus on
education, pressure resistance, behaviors, and body image
Regarding the effectiveness or cognitive-behavioral treatment for binge eating and weight control, it is
effective for binge eating but not for weight control
A high-tech version of self-monitoring involves using
electronic diaries
Bodily chemicals that reduce pain, enhance positive mood, and suppress appetite are
endogenous opioids
Child maltreatment, family conflict, and media-based pressures to be thin are all
environmental stressors
Hostility, conflict, and over-involvement occur in families of those with eating disorders. This concept is called
expressed emotions
Psychological treatments for eating disorders involve _________ therapy and ___________ therapy
family; cognitive-behavioral
Eating disorders are much more common among _______ than _________
females; males
The act of self-monitoring itself can lead to ________ symptoms and __________ behaviors
fewer; fewer
The EDE provides an eating disorder diagnosis as well as scores on __________ subscales relevant to the eating disorder problems
four
What is the most frequent outcome of treatment for bulimia nervosa?
full recovery
Through self- monitoring we become more aware of our behaviors and
gain better control over them
According to a Stice and colleagues (2007) study, about ___________ of eating disorder prevention programs were found to reduce risk factors and ____________ reduce current or future eating disorders.
half; 29%
Important aspects of interviews for eating disorder involve
height and weight, thoughts about eating and body image, and behavior goals
L'Chelle has bulimia nervosa. Her physician believes that she may have _______, which contributes to her cravings for food
high levels of serotonin
Eating disorder researchers who look for brain changes as biological risk factors tend to focus primarily on the
hypothalamus
Studies to find genetic markers for eating disorders in general have produced
inconsistent results
The ideal body type shown in the media clashes with the fact that size and weight of the average female has _________ over the years
increased
Eating disorders are
less common as anxiety and depressive disorders
The main source of body dissatisfaction relative to the "thin ideal" comes from
media exposure
Research regarding the use of antipsychotics for eating disorders has produced
mixed results
The heritability estimates of eating disorders are thought to be
moderate
A BMI of 18.5- 24.9 is considered
normal
Like mood disorders, eating behavior can be classified as
normal, mild, moderate, less severe, and more severe
Controlled weight gain is often conducted in conjunction with a _________ who educates a person about healthy food choices
nutritionist
Excessive eating may develop into _______, which is not considered an eating disorder
obesity
When theorists focus on media models of thinness for women, stress from abuse and sexual harassment, poor recognition of achievements, and excessive attention to beauty and body shape, they are thinking about
objectification
The family systems approach initially focuses on
obtaining cooperation from all family members
To be diagnosed with binge eating disorder, a person must undergo binge eating, on average, ________ or more days a week for at least ________
one; three months
Which of the following is NOT one of the four subscales on the EDE assessment?
overindulgence
Family therapists stress expressed emotion to ease
overinvolvement, criticism, and hostility among family members
Often cited as a risk factor for eating disorders, especially among people with an obessive drive for thinness, is
perfectionism
The main two personality risks associated with eating disorders are
perfectionism and impulsivity
Ascertaining one's height, weight, heart rate, muscle tone, and strength are part of
physical assessment
Low self-esteem, perfectionism, impulsivity, image dissatisfaction, and a distorted body image are all
psychological vulneravilities
Ridding oneself of food or bodily fluids, as a person with an anorexia nervosa subtype routinely does, is known as
purging
The two subtypes of bulimia nervosa are
purging subtype and nonpurging subtype
"Student Bodies" is an 8 week program that involves
reading the content, completing assignments, and participating in a moderated online discussion group
When you feel full from eating, serotonin is responsible for this
satiety
A means of losing weight by purging includes
self induced vomiting, misusing laxatives or diuretics, performing enemas
Accurately documenting eating behavior along with feelings before and after constitutes
self-monitoring
Some symptoms of eating disorders may be due to
semi-starvation and malnutrition
People with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder may have low levels of
serotonin
Reduced _______ may be associated with overeating and carbohydrate craving
serotonin
The neurotransmitter most closely linked to eating disorders is
serotonin
One of the dynamics observed in the "Lisa" case study in Chapter 8 was dieting made Lisa feel good about herself in the _______, but pressures of daily life and continued worry about her weight led to _________
short term; high stress