Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 2 Test

Which of the following statements is false? a) chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers b) catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions c) larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully d) chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temps.

c) larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully

The single most abundant protein in the body is ________________. a) DNA b) glucose c) hemoglobin d) collagen

d) collagen

Two good examples of a colloid would be Jell-O and _____________. a) toenails b) urine c) blood d) cytosol

d) cytosol

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3- a) a bicarbonate ion b) a proton donor c) a weak acid d) common in the liver

a) a bicarbonate ion

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell? a) 7 b) 3 c) 5 d) 10

a) 7

Which of the following is not an electrolyte? a) H2O b) Ca2CO3 c) HCl d) NaOH

a) H2O

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ____________. a) glycogen b) cholesterol c) triglycerides d) glucose

a) glycogen

Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape? a) hydrogen b) carbon c) amino acid d) oxygen

a) hydrogen

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves __________________. a) to hold the molecular backbone together b) as a code c) to bind the sugars to their bases d) as nucleotides

a) to hold the molecular backbone together

Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of the body by releasing or binding ions. a) true b) false

a) true

Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds. a) true b) false

a) true

_____________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function. a) vitamin D b) vitamin A c) cortisol d) vitamin K

a) vitamin D

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids. a) RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C b) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases c) three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and tDNA d) tDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA

b) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ______________. a) long fatty acid chains b) a high degree of unsaturated bonds c) a high degree of saturated bonds d) a high water content

b) a high degree of unsaturated bonds

What is a dipole? a) a type of reaction b) a polar molecule c) an organic molecule d) a type of bond

b) a polar molecule

A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ______________. a) slightly acidic b) acidic c) neutral d) basic

b) acidic

What happens in redox reactions? a) the electron donor is reduced b) both decomposition and electron exchange occur c) the electron acceptor is oxidized d) the reaction is always easily reversible

b) both decomposition and electron exchange occur

Heat shock proteins (hsp) are a type of protein called ____________. a) eicosanoids b) chaperones c) cofactors d) coenzymes

b) chaperones

Salts are always ______________. a) single covalent compounds b) ionic compounds c) hydrogen bonded d) double covalent compounds

b) ionic compounds

Select the correct statement about isotopes. a) all the isotopes of an element are radioactive b) isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses c) all the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons d) isotopes only occur in the heavier elements

b) isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses

Which of the following is true regarding the concentration of solutions? a) percent solutions are parts per 1000 parts b) molarity is one mole of solute per 1000 ml of solution c) to calculate molarity, one must know the atomic weight of the solvent d) to calculate molarity, one must know the atomic number of the solute

b) molarity is one mole of solute per 1000 ml of solution

Which of the following describes coenzymes? a) enzymes that work together b) organic molecules derived from vitamins c) metal ions d) two enzymes that perform the same function

b) organic molecules derived from vitamins

An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of _________ electrons. a) 8 b) 17 c) 13 d) 3

c) 13

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction? a) NH3 + H^+ --> NH4^+2 b) HCl --> H^+ + Cl^- c) HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O d) NaOH --> Na^+ = OH^-

c) HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O

Select the statement about mixtures that is correct. a) solutions contain particles that settle out in time b) suspensions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more compounds c) a solution contains solvent in large amounts and solute in smaller quantities d) suspensions can change reversible from liquid to solid

c) a solution contains solvent in large amounts and solute in smaller quantities

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ___________. a) sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen b) nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium c) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen d) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium

c) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What type of liquid is this? a) mixture b) solution c) colloid d) suspension

c) colloid

Which of the following does not describe the ATP molecule? a) transport b) mechanical work c) pigments d) chemical work

c) pigments

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the _____________. a) removal of a nitrogen atom between each two units b) addition of a water molecule between each two units c) removal of a water molecule between each two units d) addition of a carbon atom between each two units

c) removal of a water molecule between each two units

What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix? a) primary structure b) tertiary structure c) secondary structure d) quaternary structure

c) secondary structure

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ______________ reaction. a) exchange b) decomposition c) synthesis d) reversible

c) synthesis

Which of the following is not considered a factor in influencing a reaction? a) temperature b) concentration c) time d) particle size

c) time

Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins? a) prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of the polypeptide chains b) aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides c) help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes d) act as a biological catalyst e) promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins

d) act as a biological catalyst

An example of a coenzyme is _______________. a) copper b) zinc c) iron d) riboflavin (vitamin B2)

d) riboflavin (vitamin B2)

Which of the following is not true of proteins? a) their function depends on the three-dimensional shape b) they may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity c) some types are called enzymes d) they appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information

d) they appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information