Anatomy and Physiology (lecture 5)

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How many chambers does the human heart have?

four chambers

A heartbeat that is above 100 beats per minute (in adults) is called

tachycardia.

Which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood?

the aorta

What heart chamber does the vena cava empty into?

the right atrium

A blood clot in the brain can cause which event?

a stroke

Which type of vessel needs to withstand high blood pressure?

an artery

A blockage in blood flow is called

an infarction.

A decrease in the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood is called

anemia.

What shape are red blood cells?

biconcave discs

What is a thrombus?

blood clot

A heartbeat that is below 60 beats per minute is called

bradycardia.

What is a network of capillaries called?

capillary bed

Which vessels supply the heart with blood?

coronary arteries

One function of blood is the

digestion of nutrients.

What kind of signal does the cardiac pacemaker use?

electrical

What is the function of white blood cells?

fight off pathogens

What is a result of improper blood flow in a coronary artery?

heart attack

Which of the following is one of the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

helps to maintain water balance

The third function of the lymphatic system is to carry out

immune responses.

What is plasma?

liquid portion of blood

Hypotension is the medical name for

low blood pressure.

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

lungs

What is the name of the clear fluid carried within lymph vessels?

lymph

Where in the lymphatic system is lymph filtered to identify and begin the fight against infection?

lymph nodes

What is it within lymphatic vessels and organs that acts to defend the body against disease?

lymphocytes

In what units is blood pressure measured?

mm Hg (mercury)

How thick is the wall of a capillary?

one cell

What does the pulmonary vein supply the heart with?

oxygenated blood from the lungs

Which type of cell carries oxygen around the body?

red blood cells

Angina is caused by

reduced blood flow to the heart.

What does the pulse represent?

the heartbeat

Which component of blood is crucial to clotting?

the platelets

Which of these vessels carries deoxygenated blood from the heart?

the pulmonary artery

Systolic blood pressure is measured once

the ventricles contract.

What is the function of a valve in a vein?

to prevent reverse blood flow

Why is blood clotting essential?

to reduce blood loss

Why do arteries have thick walls of smooth muscle?

to withstand high pressure

The lymphatic vessels carry the lymph

towards the heart.

When the leaflets of the valves in a vein (e.g. in the leg) no longer meet properly, allowing blood to flow backwards, the vein is referred to as

varicose.

Which type of vessel contains valves?

veins


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