Anatomy and Physiology (lecture 5)
How many chambers does the human heart have?
four chambers
A heartbeat that is above 100 beats per minute (in adults) is called
tachycardia.
Which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood?
the aorta
What heart chamber does the vena cava empty into?
the right atrium
A blood clot in the brain can cause which event?
a stroke
Which type of vessel needs to withstand high blood pressure?
an artery
A blockage in blood flow is called
an infarction.
A decrease in the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood is called
anemia.
What shape are red blood cells?
biconcave discs
What is a thrombus?
blood clot
A heartbeat that is below 60 beats per minute is called
bradycardia.
What is a network of capillaries called?
capillary bed
Which vessels supply the heart with blood?
coronary arteries
One function of blood is the
digestion of nutrients.
What kind of signal does the cardiac pacemaker use?
electrical
What is the function of white blood cells?
fight off pathogens
What is a result of improper blood flow in a coronary artery?
heart attack
Which of the following is one of the three main functions of the lymphatic system?
helps to maintain water balance
The third function of the lymphatic system is to carry out
immune responses.
What is plasma?
liquid portion of blood
Hypotension is the medical name for
low blood pressure.
Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
lungs
What is the name of the clear fluid carried within lymph vessels?
lymph
Where in the lymphatic system is lymph filtered to identify and begin the fight against infection?
lymph nodes
What is it within lymphatic vessels and organs that acts to defend the body against disease?
lymphocytes
In what units is blood pressure measured?
mm Hg (mercury)
How thick is the wall of a capillary?
one cell
What does the pulmonary vein supply the heart with?
oxygenated blood from the lungs
Which type of cell carries oxygen around the body?
red blood cells
Angina is caused by
reduced blood flow to the heart.
What does the pulse represent?
the heartbeat
Which component of blood is crucial to clotting?
the platelets
Which of these vessels carries deoxygenated blood from the heart?
the pulmonary artery
Systolic blood pressure is measured once
the ventricles contract.
What is the function of a valve in a vein?
to prevent reverse blood flow
Why is blood clotting essential?
to reduce blood loss
Why do arteries have thick walls of smooth muscle?
to withstand high pressure
The lymphatic vessels carry the lymph
towards the heart.
When the leaflets of the valves in a vein (e.g. in the leg) no longer meet properly, allowing blood to flow backwards, the vein is referred to as
varicose.
Which type of vessel contains valves?
veins
