Anatomy chapter 3
Which of the following represents a segment of RNA: AUGUCA, ATGCTA, TGCGTT, CTGTGG, GTCATA
AUGUCA
If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be
CAT-CGT
The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of __________ process
active
Fat is best described as
adipose tissue
Osmosis transports water across membranes using
aquaporins
Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called
codons
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called
connective tissue
Type of tissue that can be classified as bone, blood, and cartilage
connective tissue
Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix
connective tissue
The tissue shown is most likely
covers and lines body surface
In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is __________
cytokinesis
Which is not a cytoplasmic organelle: mitochondria, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, cytoplasm
cytoplasm
Tendons and ligaments are common to this type of connective tissue called __________
dense connective
Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured...
dense connective tissue
Type of passive process in which molecules move through the plasma membrane
diffusion
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as
endocrine
Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified
epithelial tissue
Type of tissue that composes the air sacs of the lungs and esophagus
epithelial tissue
Type of tissue that is avascular but regenerates rapidly
epithelial tissue
__________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces
exocrine
Type of active process in which the cell secretes vesicles
exocytosis
Type of passive process in which a protein membrane channel is used
facilitated diffusion
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules: facilitated diffusion and solute pumping, facilitated diffusion and bulk transport, bulk transport and osmosis, osmosis and filtration, filtration and cellular secretion
facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called
filtration
Which of the following do NOT involve the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration: diffusion, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, osmosis
filtration
Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue are
gap junctions
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as
gap junctions
The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a __________
gene
The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the
glycoproteins
The phospholipid tails are __________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water
hydrophobic
A cell would plump with water and possibly lyse in what solution
hypotonic
A patient arrives in the hospital extremely dehydrated. In order to fill his cells with fluid, what type of intravenous drip should he receive.
hypotonic
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is
hypotonic
The cell shown has been placed into a(n) __________ solution
hypotonic
Ribosomes are found
in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
DNA replication takes place during
interphase
The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is __________
interphase
The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as
interphase
The purpose of __________ is to produce two genetically identical cells
mitosis
Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement
muscle tissue
Type of tissue that consists of neurons and neuroglia
nervous tissue
Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity
nervous tissue
Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses
nervous tissue
The cell type found in nervous tissue is the __________
neuron
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is __________
osmosis
Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins
osmosis
Two types of endocytosis are
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
The correct order of phases of the mitosis is
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion
protein carrier or channel
Passive processes that move substances across membranes
require no ATP
The type of muscle tissue that can be controlled voluntarily is called __________ muscle
skeletal
Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue: bone, cartilage, blood, skeletal muscle, adipose
skeletal muscle
The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is
smooth muscle
The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with __________ while cytosine pairs with __________
thymine, guanine
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is
transfer RNA (tRNA)
The molecule that contains an anticodon is
transfer RNA (tRNA)
The process of transcription
transfers information from DNA into mRNA
The step, during protein synthesis, of assembling proteins by decoding the information in messenger RNA is called __________
translation
