AP Euro Chapter 20 & 21 & 22
What did James Watt gain from his partnership with Matthew Boulton?
Capital and skills in salesmen.
The Quadruple Alliance, the nations that defeated Napoleon, included...
Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain.
Why did eighteenth-century Britain have a shortage of wood?
Wood had been over harvested; it was the primary source of heat in all homes and a basic raw material in industry.
The romantic movement was characterized by...
A belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination.
What was the key demand of the Chartist movement?
All men must be given the right to vote.
How did class-consciousness form during the Industrial Revolution?
As modern Industry created conflict between industrialists and laborers, individuals came to believe that classes existed and developed a sense of class feeling.
The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna were determined to...
Avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France.
The Factory Act of 1833 constituted a major victory in the prevention of the exploitation of children in that it...
Banned children under nine years of age form employment.
Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established...
By violent revolution.
How did cotton transform the textile industry?
Cotton could be spun mechanically with much greater efficiency than wool or flax, helping to solve the shortage of thread for textile production.
In 1850, in what occupational area did the largest number of British people work?
Farming and Agriculture.
Germaine de Stael urged that French to throw away worn-out classical models and extolled the spontaneity and enthusiasm of the writer and thinkers of...
Germany.
In the Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that...
In general, the living conditions of the working class were "slowly improving."
The Great Exhibition of 1815 commemorated the...
Industrial dominance of Britain.
In December 1825, some 3,000 army officers inspired by liberal ideas staged a protest against which new tsar.
Nicholas I
Many Europeans and Americans embraced the Greek Revolution because...
Of a love of Greek classical culture.
In 1830, an unsuccessful revolution failed to re-create the country of...
Poland.
Thomas Malthus argued in his Essay on the Principles of Population (1798) that...
Population tends to increase beyond the means of subsistence.
According to Joseph Proudhon in the nineteenth century, the property was...
Profit stolen from workers.
The romantic poet William Wordsworth conceived of poetry as the...
Spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in tranquility.
Which social groups comprised the revolutionary alliance during the revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe?
Students and Urban Workers.
In 1849, the revolution in Hungary was brought under control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by...
The Russian Empire.
What did Henry Cort develop?
The puddling furnace, which allowed pig iron to be refined with coke.
How did iron become the basic building block of the British economy in the nineteenth century?
The spread of coke smelting and the development of steam-powered rolling mills increased production enormously and reduced the price of iron products.
What was the result of the "June Days" in France in 1848?
The triumph of the republican army under General Louis Cavalgnac, after street fighting and the death or injury of more than ten thousand people.
In his 1835 study of the cotton industry, what did Andrew Ure conclude about the conditions in most factories?
They were not harsh and even quite good.
In Primary Source 21.4: The Republican Spirit in Paris, 1848, what did the Provisional Government promised the nation?
To institute the democratic government that France owes itself.
The Chartist movement in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded...
Universal male suffrage.
The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was...
Usually a response to the wishes of the families.
What major problem in the textile industry was solved by the inventions of James Hargreaves and Richard Arkwright?
A weaver required several spinners to stay steadily employed.
Who were the Luddites?
British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work.
Which law outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain?
Combination Acts of 1799.
Romantics and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to...
Find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture.
What was the function of the Crystal Palace?
It was the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London.
How did railroads affect the nature of production?
Markets become broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines.
The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819...
Required members of the German Confederation to root out subversive ideas and to spy on liberal and radical organizations.
According to the doctrine of laissez-faire, the government should intervene in...
The economy as little as possible.
What did Count Henri de Saint-Simon believe in the nineteenth century?
The key to progress was proper social organiazation.
In Primary Source 21.3: Adam Mickiewicz and Romantic Nationalism in Poland, Michiewicz draws parallels between the suffering of Jesus and of Poland and promises that the Polish nation, like Jesus, awaits a glorious resurrection. According to Mickiewicz, what would happen after that resurrection?
Wars shall cease in all Christendom.
The reformer Robert Owens sought to...
Create a single large national union for British workers.