APES Unit 6
Passive solar systems
Absorb heat directly from the sun without the use of mechanical and electrical equipment and cannot be collected or stored
Best to Worst for coal....
Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite
The letter that represents where the natural gas is found in hydrologic fracturing is
C
Describe how energy is produced in in a coal fired powerplant
1. Coal is burned 2. Creates steam 3. Steam turns turbine 4. Turbine turns generator 5. Generator creates electricity
What is the fracking process
1. Well is made 2. Pipe is inserted 3. Fracking fluid inserted 4. Gas flows out
List four things you could do to conserve energy
1. energy efficient appliances 2. switch to LED lightbulbs 3. Walk, bike, or carpool whenever possible 4. double pared south facing windows
List three sources of methane that are amplified by human activities
Raising cattle and sheep, extracting fossil fuels, and creating landfills
Where in the nuclear power plant will radioactive waste be generated
Reactor
which of the following energy sources is renewable?
Solar
Which three sources supply the majority of commercial energy in the world today
Coal, oil, and natural gas
An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?
Cogeneration
How does cogeneration increase efficency
Congregation increases efficiency because it creates electricity and usable heat energy simultaneously.
What is cogeneration?
Congregation occurs when a fuel source is used to generate both useful heat and electricity.
The acronym CAFE refers to ______ _______ ____ ______ which is important because:
Corporate Average Fuel Economy they are regulations in the U.S which are intended to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks produced for sale in the U.S
What type of country uses LESS energy and fossil fuels
Developing countries because they are poor and are less industrialized
Lignite
Low heat capacity, Low sulfur, High Moisture
List three air pollutants that are emitted during the burning of coal
Mercury, Lead, Sulfur Dioxide
How is methane naturally produced?
Methane is produced by the breakdown or decay of organic material
Peat
Not a coal
Which type of fossil fuel is extracted by pumping of a viscous liquid
Petroleum
What is peat
Partially decomposed plant material
Describe how fossil fuels are ignited and converted into electricity.
When fossil fuels are burned carbon and hydrogen react with oxygen in air to carbon dioxide and water. During this reaction heat is released which further amplifies the reaction. Electricity is generated by transforming mechanical energy (heat) to electrical energy in a turbine or generator.
How does a wind turbine work? What are the limitations of wind turbines? What are the advantages of using wind turbines?
Wind turbines use wind to make electricity. Constructing turbines and wind facilities is extremely expensive. The second disadvantage is technology immaturity. Wind turbines can be built on existing farms or ranches and it's sustainable.
Why is wood fuel commonly used in developing countries?
Wood is used as fuel in the forms of firewood and charcoal. It is used in developing countries because it is easily accessible.
nonrenewable resource
a resource that cannot be replaced
List five products that are derived primarily from crude oil
asphalt Diesel gas Grease heating oil Gasoline
examples of nonrenewable resources
coal, oil, natural gas
Tar sands
combination of clay, sand, water, and bitumen
List three species that may be threatened by the construction of a solar power tower in the California Desert
desert tortoise, mountain yellow legged frog, joshua tree.
negative consequence of passive solar
energy cannot be collected or stored
negative consequences of active solar
expensive and requires maintanence
Hydrologic fracturing is a process for
extracting natural gas
positive consequences of active solar
generates electricity or heat
Solar energy systems
have low enviromental impact and produce clean energy but can be expensive
Charcoal is used for
heating, cooking
Peat...
heating, cooking
Wood is use for...
heating, lighting, cooking
Fracking is short for
hydraulic fracturing and it is a concern because... contamination of waterways
Explain what happened at Three Mile Island, and why it is significant.
in PA 1979. A cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt down. Some radioactive gas was released, but not enough to cause harm to locals. Worst nuclear accident in the US
positive consquences of passive solar
inexpensive and low maintenance
Explain what the Deepwater Horizon was, where it went, and why it is significant.
The Deepwater Horizon was the largest oil spill in the history of marine oil drilling operations. Operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico.
Which of the following regions would be considered the world leader in petroleum resources
The Middle East
The seperation of the various components of crude oil in refineries is accomplished primarily by taking advantage of differences in which of the following
The boiling points of the components
What type of country uses MORE energy and fossil fuels
The developed countries has a highly developed economy whereas the developing countries are non industrialized and poor.
Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approxiatmely doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase
The number of cars on the road increased
Active solar systems
Use solar energy to heat a liquid through mechanical and electrical equipment to collect and store the energy captured from the sun
passive solar energy
uses the solar energy that naturally falls on a building to heat it directly
Identify an enviromental issue that can arise from combustion of fossil fuels
-Mining for resources -Pulverized coal -Carbon Dioxide Production
Positive consequences of Photovoltaics
-generation of electricy -large and small scale applications
negative consequences of photovoltaics
-use is limited by the availability of sunlight
renewable resource
A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed
What is the trend in energy use as developing countries become developed?
As a country develops their reliance on fossil fuels for energy increases
What influences energy sources and how people use them?
Availability, price, and governmental regulations
Anthracite
Best quality, High heating capacity, Low sulfur content
Which enviromental problem would most likely occur due to using wood as a primary resource of energy
Deforestation
Which of the following is likely a consequence of extracting natural gas
Earthquake
List 4 products that are derived primarily from crude oil.
Gasoline, Jet Fuel, Heating oil, Diesel fuel
Explain how thermal pollution is produced by power plants.
Heat is produced when coil/oil/NG is burned. The energy then heats water, generates steam, steam turns turbine, produces electricity, then the steam must be cooled and condensed back into water. And then is dumped into nearby rivers/lakes.
What contributes to the development of various coal types
Heat, Pressure, and Depth of Burial
Bituminous
Most commonly used, High heating capacity, High sulfur
Describe what makes a resource renewable or nonrenewable. Give a specific example of a renewable resource and of nonrenewable resource.
Nonrenewable: -NOT replenished -Depleted by usage Examples of nonrenewable: -Fossil Fuels -Aluminum -Gold Renewable: -Normally replinished by natural process -NOT depleted Examples of renewable: -Tidal -Solar -Hydroelectric -Biomass
Examples of renewable resources
solar, wind, and water energy, biomass,
Which of the following is a benefit of the use of biomass as a fuel source
Relatively low cost fuel source
How does fracking pollute the groundwater?
Through migration of gas and frack fluid underground
What is the cleanest fossil fuel
natural gas
The acronym OPEC refers to ____ _____ ____ ____, which is important because:
organization of petroleum exporting countries to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil on the world market, in order to avoid fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries
Arrange the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order from the lowest to highest energy: Ultraviolet, microwave, Infrared, Gamma, radio,X-ray, Visible.
radio, microwave , infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, Gamma
List the following types of visible light in order from shortest to longest wavelengths: Green,Orange,Red,Yellow,Blue,Violet.
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet
active solar energy
solar radiation captured with photovoltaic cells that convert light energy to electrical energy