APUSH Period 9

The success of the new conservative movement in achieving its goals was most challenged by the A ongoing popularity of many social welfare programs B reform of federal tax policies C Persian Gulf War in the early 1990s D increased role of Christian evangelicals in the Republican Party

A

Which of the following best explains the cause of overall changes to union membership in the early twenty-first century as depicted in the maps? A Service industry positions overtook manufacturing employment. B Military service increased following national security threats. C New immigrant groups were disinclined to join unions. D Unemployment rose as result of oil crises that affected many industries.

A

The excerpt would be of limited use to a historian seeking to explain the political position common in the 1990s that the United States should A help immigrants affected by international crises B recruit immigrant laborers for agricultural work C reduce the influence of new immigrant cultures D celebrate the diversity created by immigration

C

The new conservative movement most consistently criticized modern liberalism by claiming that it A threatened traditional visions of morality B engaged in imperialist expansionism abroad C ignored racial discrimination and poverty at home D devoted too few resources to alleviating poverty

A

Which of the following best explains a conclusion supported by the point of view expressed in the excerpt? A Terrorism challenged national security agencies. B Terrorism justified changes to immigration policies. C Terrorism limited international economic growth. D Terrorism undermined United States military alliances.

A

Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan were similar as presidential candidates in that both A articulated the public's desire for less involvement in foreign affairs B capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders C promised Congress increased control over domestic matters D renounced private fund-raising in support of their campaigns E had built national reputations as legislators

B

The Reagan Revolution of the early 1980s entailed A tax cuts for low-income Americans and expansion of social welfare programs B tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans and increases in defense spending C a free-trade policy with European nations D national health insurance E a balanced federal budget

B

Which of the following explanations for United States foreign policy debates after September 11, 2001, could the situation described in the excerpt best be used to support? A Some people asserted that the United States should return to isolationism. B The national security efforts to prevent terrorism were controversial. C The decision to go to war in Iraq deeply divided the American people. D Some people argued that fossil fuel dependence undercut national security.

B

"Reaganomics," or supply-side economics, led to which of the following? A A decline in unemployment and poverty B Greater tax revenues than government expenditures C Large increases in the incomes of wealthy Americans D An increase in appropriations for school lunches E Lower military expenditures than during the Carter administration

C

During the 1970s and 1980s, the New Right appealed strongly to all of the following groups EXCEPT those who were A concentrated in suburbs in the South and Southwest B evangelical Protestants C urban African Americans D afraid that the Soviet Union represented a growing menace E opposed to government intervention in the economy

C

The federal government most enhanced its legal authority to address threats considered a clear and present danger during which of the following later periods? A In the 1970s, following antiwar protests against United States involvement in Vietnam B In the 1980s, following the renewed United States concerns over the Soviet threat C In the 1990s, following United States military interventions in Somalia D In the 2000s, following the terrorist attacks in the United States

D

The ideas about immigration expressed in the excerpt were most directly situated in which of the following contexts in the 1990s? A Immigrants from Europe once again became the largest group. B Immigration remained largely unaffected by global events. C Immigration rates dropped to their lowest point in the twentieth century. D Immigration debates became increasingly politicized.

D

Which of the following best explains the Reagan administration's approach to communism? A Containing its spread by building a new system of international alliances B Engaging in military interventions in Southeast Asia to prevent coups of governments C Pursuing a policy of détente or mutual coexistence with the Soviet Union and China D Using a buildup of nuclear and conventional weapons to create pressure on the Soviet Union

D

From 1984 to 1986, Reagan administration officials secretly sold arms to Iran to illegally finance A a rebellion against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua B a coup against the Castro regime in Cuba C the invasion of Grenada D Great Britain's pursuit of the Falkland Islands War E a leftist revolt in El Salvador

A

One of the goals of Reaganomics was to A encourage private investment through tax cuts for businesses and the wealthy B redistribute income to the bottom fifth of wage earners C reduce the United States nuclear arsenal D restrict immigration from Mexico E outsource United States manufacturing to Asian countries

A

Reagan's reference to renewed respect for the United States most directly reflects the belief that his administration solved the problems caused by A past foreign policy failures B urban poverty C the budget deficit D racial inequality

A

The George W. Bush administration created which of the following executive agencies? A Department of Homeland Security B National Security Agency C Federal Emergency Management Agency D Environmental Protection Agency E Central Intelligence Agency

A

Which of the following best explains a historically accurate aspect of immigration during the 1990s that the excerpt does not address? A Immigrants moved to rural areas at a greater pace than to urban areas. B Membership of labor unions increased as a result of immigrant participation. C Economic booms encouraged immigration to the Sun Belt region. D Total immigration to the United States declined as a result of deindustrialization.

C

The ideas expressed in the excerpt overlook which of the following contexts that defined immigration to the United States during the period from 1980 to 2000 ? A Immigrants were arriving from different countries than in previous periods. B Immigrants were attracted by employment opportunities in mineral extraction. C Immigration was limited based on quotas from certain regions. D Immigration was spurred by demand for industrial production.

A

The ideas in the excerpts best reflect which of the following about United States foreign policy during Reagan's administrations? A Conservatives were willing to increase government spending in order to support Cold War military interventions. B Political leaders shifted focus to provide aid in humanitarian crises rather than to directly engage in conflicts. C Military and national security priorities changed to reflect the aim to combat terrorism around the world. D The United States public widely supported sending military forces to countries to stop the expansion of communism.

A

The major trend depicted in the graph most directly reflects which of the following developments in the United States during the late twentieth century? A Wages stagnated for most Americans. B Immigration from Latin America increased. C More women participated in the paid workforce. D Labor union membership grew.

A

Which of the following best represents an important aspect of Reagan's views about economic growth? A Deregulating industry B Addressing economic inequality C Reducing government defense spending D Increasing manufacturing employment

A

Which of the following best explains a change in United States foreign policy in the years immediately after the end of the Cold War? A The United States sought to aid other nations struggling against communism. B The United States established an international financial system to aid countries devastated by war. C The United States engaged in new sorts of military and peacekeeping interventions in several countries. D The United States sought to acquire new territories outside of its existing boundaries.

C

Jimmy Carter and Ronald Regan were similar as presidential candidates in that both A articulated the public's desire for less involvement in foreign affairs B capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders C promised Congress increased control over domestic matters D renounced private fund-raising in support of their campaigns E had built national reputations as legislators

B

Which of the following best explains a reason for the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s and early 1990s? A Declining public trust in foreign policy approaches led to a withdrawal of the United States from the world stage. B Economic problems in the Soviet Union undermined its ability to control its territories and engage in international conflicts. C Efforts to expose suspected communists in the United States reduced the Soviet ability to exercise influence abroad. D The United States and United Nations joint military intervention to support South Korea halted the expansionism of the Soviet Union.

B

Which of the following best explains a regional pattern of union membership in the early twenty-first century as depicted in the maps? A Wages generally increased in southern states. B Heavy industries in upper Midwest states experienced decline. C Agriculture along the West Coast saw dramatic changes. D Migration to the Midwest outpaced that of other regions.

B

Which of the following best supports Critchlow's assertion about the Republican Party? A The end of the Cold War B The 1980 election of Ronald Reagan as president C The continued expansion of Great Society programs D The political scandals under Richard Nixon's administration in the 1970s

B

Which of the following describes a difference between the arguments made by Rossinow and Berman in the excerpts? A Rossinow argues that the public was skeptical of the new conservative consensus, while Berman argues that conservative policies were widely supported. B Berman focuses on the economic factors that contributed to Reagan's election, while Rossinow focuses on the creation of social consensus as strengthening conservative political power. C Rossinow argues that Democrats rejected liberal economic programs to stay in power, while Berman argues that Democratic support for social programs strengthened in the 1980s. D Berman focuses on Reagan's rejection of policies that increased government spending, while Rossinow focuses on Reagan's efforts to strengthen support for military projects.

B

Which of the following factors contributed most to the major trend depicted in the graph? A The increase in United States trade with eastern Europe after the Cold War B The declining number of manufacturing jobs in the United States C The expansion of the social safety net through programs like Social Security D The construction of the interstate highway system

B

Which of the following most directly represents an attempt to put the principles stated in the excerpt into action? A Curtailing domestic civil liberties through federal legislation to improve security against terrorism B Participating in peacekeeping interventions in the Balkans to stop ethnic cleansing C Constructing the Star Wars missile defense system to reduce the nuclear threat D Creating a powerful military-industrial complex

B

Reagan's reference to "reaching our destination" most directly reflects which of the following political changes? A The expanded influence of young people in politics B Bipartisan support for reform of the United States financial system C The rise of a new conservatism that challenged liberal views about the role of government D Increased political mobilization of labor unions

C

The ideas expressed in the excerpt are most strongly situated within which of the following contexts? A The resistance to providing international humanitarian aid following environmental crises B The reaction against the signing of international free-trade agreements C The continuation of interventionist foreign policies following the end of the Cold War D The impact of global economic challenges as a result of banking failures

C

The principles on human rights articulated by President Bush are most similar to A the ideas expressed by President George Washington in his 1796 Farewell Address B President James K. Polk's support for Manifest Destiny in the 1840s C the ideas expressed by President Woodrow Wilson during and after the First World War D President Ronald Reagan's support for reinvigoration of anticommunism in the 1980s

C

Which of the following best describes a similarity between the arguments made by Rossinow and Berman in the excerpts? A Voters' increased approval for liberal programs changed Republican tactics. B Debates over foreign policy caused a split within the Democratic Party. C Conservatism had a widespread impact beyond the election of Reagan. D A defiant Soviet Union tested the strength of the United States military.

C

Which of the following best explains an effect on the United States economy by the patterns depicted in the maps? A Federal programs were created to reduce levels of unemployment. B Spending on defense industry work increased in order to create more jobs. C Wages for working and middle class people began to stagnate. D New technologies increased access to information and communication.

C

Which of the following demographic changes occurred in the United States in the three decades after 1965 ? A A shift in population from the South and West to the North and East B A decline in immigration C An increase in the proportion of people over the age of sixty-five D An increase in the birth rate E A decline in the proportion of people who lived in suburbs

C

Which of the following events most directly led to President Bush believing that a new "world order" was emerging? A United States military forces withdrawing from Vietnam B The spread of computers and global information networks C The end of the Cold War with the Soviet Union D Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon

C

The purpose of the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following explanations for why policies used to combat terrorism were controversial? A Some Americans sought to use new technologies to combat terrorism. B Some Americans believed that terrorism had no effect on United States domestic policy. C Some Americans saw Cold War policies as providing insight into how to prevent current terrorist actions. D Some Americans worried that the freedoms of United States citizens might be violated by the efforts to stop terrorism.

D

Throughout the presidential election campaign of 1980, Ronald Reagan's view of the best economic policy to pursue was based on his belief that A businesses were overproducing consumer goods B there was insufficient government spending to stimulate economic growth C international trade was the most important source of growth for the United States economy D excessive taxation left citizens with less money to save and invest E foreign countries were flooding markets with cheap goods and services

D

Which of the following claims is supported by the arguments made by both Rossinow and Berman? A Evangelical support for liberal social policies expanded during the 1980s. B Supporters of the Democratic Party pushed initiatives to increase taxes. C Conservative supporters wanted Reagan to expand the power of the federal government. D The influence of cultural debates persisted throughout politics in the 1980s.

D

Which of the following groups in the American work force has experienced the greatest percentage of growth since 1950? A Agricultural workers B Industrial workers C Unionized blue-collar workers D Service workers E Construction workers

D

The 1970's and the 1980's saw an increase in all of the following EXCEPT A the influence of Christian fundamentalism B the average age of Americans C support for consumer and environmental movements D the number of women holding political office E the percentage of two-parent households

E