ARC Occupancy
OLF
Occupant load factor- max floor allowance per occupant gross or net
IBC- which occupancies might be assigned to different subclasses depending on # of occupants
Residential and Institutional Not assembly beau based on activity not educational because based on age
combustible materials are not allowed in
Type 1 but allowed in Type 2
educational occupancy
academies, day care, elementary/high school, nursery, preschool, secondary
A way of inc allowable area of building
adding automatic sprinklers
if the actual number of occupants exceed the occupant load
additional exits must be provided
The distance of can affect the allowed size of new building
adjacent building
utility or miscellaneous
ag buildings, carports, mobile homes , sheds , towers, walkways
storage
aircraft hangars, cold, freight, warehouses, frozen food,
Hazardous Occupancy
airport hangars, dry cleaning plants , film storage, gas plants, paint shops , power plants, pumping stations,
Institutional occupancy
alcohol centers, assisted living (residential), group homes, halfway houses, Day care, detox, foster care, hospitals infirmaries, mental hospitals, rehab correctional, jail, prisons, work camps
gross area
all areas within exterior walls
net area
all areas within exterior walls minus ancillary
Business occupancy
animal hospitals, auto service, banks, beauty, car washes, city halls, dentist/doctor, education about 12th, gov offices, labs, offices, police,
Buildings must maintain fire ratings and maintain construction type as defined by building code
at the time it was constructed code
OL for fixed seats
auditorium- count seats, bench- 18" per person booth- 24" per person
Mercantile
bakeries, department stores, drug stores, grocery, markets, rental, retail, shopping centers, supermarkets,
noncombustible material
brick, concrete, steel
Load bearing wall, columns, and shaft enclosures are considered elements by building codes
building elements
Atrium
building lobbied or shopping malls, glass or open, meet fire codes
Choosing struct. and construction
building size/height, intended occupancy class., affordability and sustainability
Passive Fire Protection
built into structure, inherent in material or added as protective material
When designing a restaurant in a jurisdiction that enforces IBC and LSC which three occupancy classifications should be considered?
business mercantile assembly
accessory occupancies
cannot be more than 10%, codes based on larger area, not separated
Pool area
considered A-4 regardless of size of space if there is an area for observation
Interior walls do not affect
construction type
building height and area restricted by
construction type, occupancy class, # of ppl, location, sprinklers, hazards,
Limits building maximum size
construction type, occupancy class., proximity to other buildings
Need to know what to determine if certain occupancy can be located in a specific building
construction type, square footage, sprinklers
Fire retardant materials
delay spread of fire, can be substituted for materials required to be noncombustible eventually contribute to fuel fire
Class as NEW occupancy
designed but not occupied before new edition of code, relocating to another building, moving into new office headquarters
one of the First step in researching codes
determine the occupancy classifications determine occupant load too
The number of occupants receiving care
determines if an assisted living facility is considered an Institutional or Residential Occupancy not TOTAL OCCUPANT LOAD
occupancy classification
developed by codes to address diff hazardous situations or risk factors associated withe act type of use assigned to every building/space, guides research,
High Rise Building
exceeds 75'
Type III
extra walls= noncombustible but allows some combustible materials inside
Factory occupancy
factories, manufacturing plants, mills, processing plants
Active fire protection
fire causes reaction in combat system, detection and extinguish sprinklers or fire alarms
A construction material will not be affected by flame, heat, or hot gases
fire resistant
Chemically treated wood, FRTW, is known as
fire retardant- treated wood
More than one type of construction in a single building each type must be separated by f
fire wall or party wall
The codes divide that type of hazardous occupancies into four main categories:
fire, explosive, physical and health
Wood that is considered fire resistant because of large diameter
heavy timber seen in Type IV
Locations of fire resistance rated walls can affect
how codes apply in buildings with more than one occupancy class.
messanine
intermediate floor level placed between. floor and ceiling of space, diff codes
Type 1
most fire resistive (no wood and Type II)
Accessory Occupancies
most of code requirements are based on primary occupancy, 10 % requirement pertains to whole space not just area of primary
LSC distinguishes between
new and existing occupancies
Fixed seating
not easily moved, continuous without arms, use more permanently
occupant load
number of ppl that are assumed to safely occupy a building or space
New categories
occupancy in space constructed for that reason, occupancy relocated, new addition, changing size or use of building
floor area / OLF =
occupant load
multiple occupancies
only NFPA- sep or non
Age is the
primary determining factor for whether a preschool is considered institutional or Educational over 2.5= educational door with 2.5 or younger= edu otherwise= institutional
If increase the occupancy load of a space so it is higher that what was determined by the load factor you must
provide extra exits and get approval from code official
Factories do not have to have
public accommodation by the Americans with Disabilities act ADA standards only apply if tours are given to public
Type 1 and 2
require same types of materials noncombustible
difference between type 1 and 2 construction
required hourly ratings
Mixed occupancy occupant load determined by
requirements of each occupancy combined together
The various types of hazardous situations that can occur in a building are also often referred to as
risk factors by the codes
mixed occupancies
separated or not
incidental accessory occupancies
small, not considered separate, separation required
Occupant load determined by
specific use of the space not the occupancy classification
Need to determine required occupant load for space
square footage dived by load factor
When measuring building to determine the
the OL, gross square feet refers to building area that includes ALL miscellaneous spaces
two occupancies in same building
the larger= main occupancy smaller occupancy known as accessory ONLY if it is less than 10 % of total area
Type V is
the least restrictive and requires lowest fire rating
Space with multiple uses, occupancy load determined by
the use that indicated the largest concentration of people which use allows largest number of people
More than one type of occupancy in same building must meet most stringent occupancy class if
they are considered non separated mixed occupancies or mixed multiple occupancies
Some occupancy classification with similar risks factors are NOT required
to be separated by a RATED wall. Separated Mixed Occupancy
parapet
top portion of fire wall
actual number
total occupants for which exiting must be provided for, minimum level of safety,
Occupant load needed to determine
total required exit width, max number of people in space, number of plumbing fixtures, means of egret not construction type of building
most combustible construction materials can be
treated to gain some amount of fire resistance
Separated mixed occupancy
two diff occupancies separated by nonrated wall
occupancy class determined by
type of activity, expected number of occupants and risk factors
three items that help to determine the occupancy class, or subclass, of a project
type of activity, type of hazards, number of occupants
Contribute to sustainability of building
use of steel, manage product waste during construction, use local supplier
subcategories of occupancy classes affect
which code requirements apply
iron and steel
will have rapid loss of strength in a fire
risk factors
# of ppl, rest or sleeping, alertness, mobility, familiarity, characteristics of space, spread of fire fuel loads, concentration,
residential
1- boarding houses, hotels, inns, lodging, motels 2- mor epermanent- apartments, dorms, live/work units, monasteries, multiple single family dwelling
assembly
1- movies, concert halls 2- casino, dance, fast food, restraints, bars 3- auditoriums, amusement, churches, funeral homes, gyms, libraries, 4- gym areas 5- bleachers, stadiums
Strictest types of construction
Assembly ( quantity of occupants) and iNstitutional (restricted mobility of occupants)
The occupancies that would be considered Institutional by IBC are designated differently by LSC. Name two corresponding LSC occupancy classifications
Dententional/Correctional (restrained), health care (unrestrained), daycare, or residential board care
Educational Occupancy
High school, elementary and preschool classrooms not college
Mixed occupancy
High security prison, high school, hotel not Restaurant
Accessibility
ICC/ANSI 117.1 ADA-ABA ADAAG, TAS
Residential Occupancy
Monasteries, Halfway House, Hotels not nursing homes