BA350 Chapter 7
100) In the job characteristics model, the degree to which a job allows a worker the freedom and independence to schedule work and decide how to carry it out is known as ________. A) autonomy B) task identity C) job categorizing D) task significance
A
108) If an employee has an MPS score of 343, he MOST LIKELY feels ________. A) his job has a great deal of skill variety B) his job lacks autonomy C) his job pays extremely well D) his job provides no feedback on performance
A
109) If an employee has an MPS score of 1, he MOST LIKELY ________. A) would like more variety in his work B) wishes he made more money C) would like less autonomy D) would like more feedback in his work
A
110) The ________ is the overall potential of a job to foster intrinsic motivation. A) motivating potential score (MPS) B) Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) C) job diagnostic inventory (JDI) D) growth needs survey (GNS)
A
116) After employees are allowed to interact with customers or clients, and made responsible for managing these relationships and satisfying customers, which of the following core job dimensions would NOT increase? A) task identity B) skill variety C) autonomy D) feedback
A
117) The extent to which an individual wants his or her work to contribute to personal growth, learning, and development is called ________ A) growth-need strength B) experienced meaningfulness of the work C) experienced responsibility for work outcomes D) knowledge of results
A
121) A company hires four new employees. Nick is very excited about starting his first job. Susan is younger than Nick but has already had several similar jobs. George has worked in the industry for 25 years. Lauren, also a seasoned worker, is a Type A personality. On their first day, they have lunch with co-workers who tell them many details about the company not mentioned in the interview. Using the social information processing model, who will be the MOST affected by the lunch with the co-workers? A) Nick B) Susan C) George D) Lauren
A
126) According to the social information processing model, workers' past behaviors will MOST LIKELY affect ________. A) how they view their current jobs and work outcomes B) how they currently view past experiences C) their extrinsic motivation D) their future earnings potential
A
133) All of the following approaches to job design focus on some degree of intrinsic motivation EXCEPT ________. A) scientific management B) the job characteristics model C) job enrichment D) social information processing
A
134) Job design affects the level of motivation primarily by influencing the level and amount of________ that workers contribute to their jobs and organizations. A) inputs B) persistence C) psychic commitment D) psychological effort
A
136) The ________ describes how individuals use the groups and organizations they are members of to define themselves. A) social identity theory B) societal schematic C) job characteristics model D) social information processing model
A
137) ________ focuses on identifying the types of goals that are most effective in producing high levels of motivation and performance and why goals have these effects. A) Goal-setting theory B) Social identity theory C) Scientific management D) The job characteristics model
A
141) Specific goals are MOST OFTEN ________. A) quantitative B) general C) open-ended D) universally applicable
A
151) ________ focus primarily on how to motivate employees to contribute their inputs to their jobs and organizations. A) Job design and goal setting B) Job enlargement and job enrichment C) Time and motion studies D) Social interaction theories
A
74) Scientific management is a set of principles stressing job ________. A) simplification and specialization B) enlargement and enrichment C) fulfillment and meaning D) training and development
A
77) ________ results when employees are assigned to perform small, simple tasks and focus exclusively on them. A) Job specialization B) Job simplification C) Job enrichment D) Job enlargement
A
78) A researcher found that bricklayers could use five motions to lay a brick rather than 18 motions. A foreman who follows the ________ theory would be MOST interested in this knowledge. A) scientific management B) job enrichment C) social identity D) job characteristics
A
79) How are job enlargement and specialization related to the scientific management theory? A) They are used to counteract the negative affects of the theory. B) They are key components of the theory. C) They are unrelated to the theory. D) They are used to increase efficiency and performance.
A
85) According to scientific management, ________ is the principal outcome used to motivate employees to contribute their inputs. A) pay B) recognition C) feedback D) specialization
A
86) A significant problem with scientific management is that it ________. A) ignores intrinsic motivation B) ignores extrinsic motivation C) gives workers too little control over the job D) gives workers too much control over the job
A
88) ________ involves increasing the number of tasks a worker performs, while maintaining the same level of difficulty and responsibility. A) Job enlargement B) Job enrichment C) Job rotation D) Job expansion
A
91) Job enlargement is often referred to as ________. A) horizontal job loading B) vertical job loading C) unilateral job loading D) multidimensional job loading
A
94) The founder of Zappos, who tells his employees, "have fun and create a little weirdness," would MOST LIKELY agree with the founders of the ________. A) job characteristics model B) scientific management theory C) organizational management theory D) organizational behavior model
A
99) Jerry finds his job as an intensive care nurse very rewarding and challenging. No day is ever the same. Jerry's one complaint is that he does not always find out how his patients do after leaving his unit. On a whole he is satisfied with his schedule. Jerry will MOST LIKELY rank low in what core job dimension? A) task identity B) task significance C) autonomy D) skill variety
A
Josh Bishoff is an industrial engineer who measures exactly how long a task takes and works on developing ways to complete the job in minimal time, including specifying the exact body movements workers should use to do the job most efficiently. The process he uses to develop the optimal way to perform a task is known as ________. A) time and motion studies B) horizontal job loading C) job enlargement D) job enrichment
A
104) Keith Parks is responsible for testing all products for safety before they are shipped from Chrismer and Park Company. Keith is highly motivated to do a good job because he believes ensuring product safety is important to the company's customers, the company, and his fellow employees. The job characteristics model would MOST LIKELY rate Keith's job as having ________. A) high task variety B) high task significance C) high autonomy D) high feedback
B
106) The job characteristics model proposes that ________ of the five core dimensions of a job are the key determinants of intrinsic motivation. A) objective characteristics B) employees' perceptions C) managers' perceptions D) coworkers' impressions
B
107) The ________ is used to measure employees' perceptions of their jobs on each of the core job dimensions. A) motivating potential score (MPS) B) Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) C) job diagnostic inventory (JDI) D) growth needs survey (GNS)
B
118) The three individual differences identified by the job characteristics model that affect the relationships between the core dimensions and the psychological states and the relationships between the psychological states and the outcomes include ________. A) skill variety, task identify, and task significance B) growth-need strength, level of knowledge and skills, and satisfaction with the work context C) core dimensions, critical psychological states, and growth-need strengths D) experienced meaningfulness of work, experienced responsibility for work outcomes, and knowledge of results
B
122) A manager is deciding who should train his new employee. Andrea is talented but dissatisfied. Sam is a skilled employee and has a high level of affective commitment. George, who has worked at the company for years, ranks high on neuroticism. Laura, a recently demoted employee, performs similar tasks that the new employee will be expected to do. Using the social information processing model, who would be BEST to train the new employee if the manager hopes that the new employee will have a positive view of his work? A) Andrea B) Sam C) George D) Laura
B
123) Which of the following quotes LEAST fits with the principles of the social information processing model? A) "No man is an island, entire of itself, every man is a piece of a continent." John Donne B) "Remember that time is money." Benjamin Franklin C) "Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else's opinion." Oscar Wilde D) "The past is not a package one can lay away." Emily Dickinson
B
129) Research has shown that once workers have developed their own experiences on the job, the social environment may play a ________ and the actual design of the job may become ________. A) more decisive role; less important B) less decisive role; more important C) neutral role; more important D) more decisive role; more important
B
139) "Shoot for the moon, even if you miss you'll land among the stars," points to what characteristic of high motivation goals? A) Goals should be vague. B) Goals should be difficult. C) Goals should be quantitative. D) Goals should be specific.
B
146) The information systems department at Wilson and Davis Co. was given the specific and difficult goal of learning how to program a new computer system within 20 days of the equipment's arrival. Although the department has experienced and qualified programmers, two months after equipment installation, the department has still not learned how to program the complex system. This incident illustrates that ________. A) employee participation in goal setting is critical to its success B) goal setting may not work for complicated tasks that require a considerable amount of learning C) organizational citizenship behavior is important in order to achieve goals D) goal setting cannot work when the workers lack the skills to perform at a high level
B
73) ________ was one of the earliest systematic approaches to job design. A) Job enrichment B) Scientific management C) Job enlargement D) Vertical loading
B
75) Which of the following statements on scientific management are FALSE? A) It is intended to increase the performance of individual employees. B) It embraces the principles of job enrichment. C) It stresses job simplification. D) It focuses on job specialization
B
76) ________ involves breaking up the work that needs to be done into the smallest identifiable tasks. A) Job specialization B) Job simplification C) Job enrichment D) Job enlargement
B
82) Many auto shops that promise oil changes in 30 minutes or less assign one person to put the car on the lift, a second to drain the old oil, a third to put in new oil, and a fourth to be sure the other jobs have been done and to check the other lubricants. This method of breaking down a job into these various elements is known as ________. A) time and motion studies B) simplification and specialization C) job enlargement D) job enrichment
B
89) ________ involves designing jobs to provide opportunities for employee growth by giving employees more responsibility and control over their work. A) Job enlargement B) Job enrichment C) Job rotation D) Job expansion
B
95) The primary focus of the job characteristics model is identifying which job characteristics contribute to ________. A) work that is extrinsically motivating B) intrinsically motivating work C) skill variety of workers D) growth-need strength of workers
B
98) According to the job characteristics model, when employees are intrinsically motivated they ________ when they do a good job. A) are afraid that they'll continuously get more work B) feel good C) are certain about the future D) demonstrate professionalism
B
101) George is a mail carrier for the post office. While George enjoys his job and recognizes that he is making an important difference to people's lives, delivering their mail to them, he is bored with his job and wishes that he has more opportunities to learn new things and then use what he learned. George would be happier if he had more ________ in his job. A) task significance B) feedback C) skill variety D) autonomy
C
115) The job characteristics model assumes workers will have increased job satisfaction when the critical psychological states are ________. A) changing B) stagnant C) high D) low
C
119) In the classic movie Twelve O'Clock High, the misfits and poor performers in a bomber squadron during World War II are put into one crew and forced to fly a plane named The Leper Colony as a form of punishment. Salancik and Pfeffer would predict that having this group of disgruntled men working together in one social unit would MOST LIKELY ________. A) increase the level of job satisfaction due to the weakness of comparative others B) increase the level of job satisfaction due to the close cohesion such a group would generate C) decrease the level of job satisfaction because of the negative social environment D) not affect job satisfaction, because all of the workers are misfits and poor performers
C
120) According to the social information processing model, the social environment includes all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) other work group members B) supervisors C) books and documentaries D) employee's own past behaviors
C
124) Tim, a seasoned car salesman, takes a job at a new company with much better pay and flexibility than his previous job. On his first day of work, his new co-workers tell him how horrible the pay is and how unsatisfied they are. Using the social information processing model, Tim will MOST LIKELY ________. A) mirror his co-worker's attitudes and have a low level of job satisfaction B) be extremely dissatisfied with the job because of the social environment C) be less affected by his co-workers because of his past experiences D) be upset that his co-workers waste time complaining when they should be selling
C
125) Michael and Dan have each accepted jobs at the same hospital for the same salary, after graduating from medical school and completing their residencies together. After a few weeks on the job Michael is very excited about his working conditions at the hospital. Dan, however, is very dispirited. Which of the following questions would a proponent of the social information processing model be MOST LIKELY to ask? A) How does Michael's family think about his new work? How does Dan 's family think about his new work? B) What were the differences in the grades earned by both Michael and Dan? C) How do the people who work with Michael view the working conditions at the hospital? What about the people who work with Dan? D) What kinds of experiences did Michael have before he started medical school? What kinds of experiences did Dan have before he started medical school?
C
128) Tom Siegmund joined Chrismer and Park Co. as a security guard 30 years ago and after many years of hard work is now the company's security manager. Tom has received several job offers from other companies over the years, but has always chosen to stay with Chrismer and Park. Jesse Black is also a 30-year veteran who works as a clerk at Chrismer and Park. Tom and Jesse see each other only at the annual veteran's awards ceremony. This year, Jesse told Tom how unhappy he was in his work, but that he couldn't do anything about it because he had never received a job offer from another company. According to social information processing theory, if all other things are equal, Tom's job satisfaction is MOST LIKELY ________. A) the same as Jesse's, as they both joined the company at the same time B) higher than Jesse's, as Tom is a manager and Jesse is a clerk C) higher than Jesse's, based on Tom's past choices and personal sacrifices D) less than Jesse's, because Tom has more responsibility
C
130) ________ advocates job simplification and job specialization, and its key goal is maximizing performance. A) Job enrichment B) Job enhancement C) Scientific management D) The job characteristics model
C
131) ________ outlines the job dimensions that lead to high levels of intrinsic motivation. A) Job enrichment B) Scientific management C) The job characteristics model D) The social information processing model
C
138) Goal-setting theory proposes that difficult and specific goals lead to ________ than do easy or vague goals. A) more extrinsic motivation B) more absenteeism and turnover C) higher motivation and performance D) higher stress and conflict on the job
C
140) How could a goal of "make lots of sales," be BEST improved to ensure high commitment by the employee? A) increase sales by a large margin B) increase sales and levels of customer satisfaction C) increase sales by 25% by the end of this month D) keep sales the same but increase levels of customer satisfaction
C
142) Self-efficacy is a person's belief that he can ________. A) recite most organizational knowledge by heart B) not succeed if the job is too difficult C) successfully perform a behavior D) help others succeed at work
C
148) The necessary elements of a successful MBO program include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) specific goals B) difficult goals C) penalties D) rapport and trust between the manager and the subordinate
C
70) ________ is the process of linking specific tasks to specific jobs and of deciding what techniques, equipment, and processes should be used to perform them. A) Job dissection B) Job specification C) Job design D) Job modification
C
80) A manager thought that his employee's jobs were simple and boring. He decided to add a few extra responsibilities to make work more exciting for his workers. The manager's strategy to make work more exciting will MOST LIKELY ________. A) work for all of the employees B) work for none of the employees C) work only for those employees that are intrinsically motivated D) work only for those employees that are extrinsically motivated
C
81) Both ________ attempt to overcome some of the problems that arise when jobs are designed according to the principles of scientific management. A) job enlargement and job enrichment B) job design and job rotation C) job simplification and job specialization D) job management and job motivation
C
87) The disadvantages of scientific management include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) workers have no opportunity to acquire new skills B) the work is simple and repetitive C) pay is often linked closely to performance D) workers feel they have no control over their work behaviors
C
92) The MOST common way in which managers can enrich jobs is by allowing workers to do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) check their own work B) decide how the work should be performed C) follow pre-set work schedules D) acquire new knowledge, skills, and abilities
C
96) In the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires an employee to use a number of different skills, abilities, or talents is referred to as ________. A) job crafting B) task identity C) skill variety D) task significance
C
102) In the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job provides a worker with clear information about his or her effectiveness is known as ________. A) autonomy B) task identity C) task significance D) feedback
D
103) In the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people in or out of the organization is referred to as ________. A) feedback B) task variety C) skill identity D) task significance
D
105) Bill Simmons enjoys that his job as quality assurance coordinator allows him to see when he is being effective and when he is not. The job characteristics model refers to this as ________. A) autonomy B) task significance C) outcome significance D) feedback
D
111) The range of motivational levels measured by the entire Job Diagnostic Survey and reported as the MPS is ________. A) 1 to 7 B) 1 to 35 C) 1 to 241 D) 1 to 343
D
112) Recent changes in the engineering department at Faye & Cy, Inc., have increased the responsibility of individual engineers for projects from start to completion and have provided more information on how well the engineering on each project meets the needs of the customer. As a result of these changes, and according to the job characteristics model, management should expect ________. A) an increase in the task challenge B) a decrease in the task challenge C) a decrease in the motivating potential score D) an increase in the motivating potential score
D
113) ________ is the extent to which employees feel they are personally responsible or accountable for their job performance. A) Enhanced accountability B) Knowledge of results C) Experienced meaningfulness of the work D) Experienced responsibility for work outcomes
D
114) The key outcomes of the critical psychological states in the job characteristics model do NOT include ________. A) high intrinsic motivation B) high job performance C) high job satisfaction D) high absenteeism and turnover
D
127) Contingent employees will MOST LIKELY feel ________ organizational commitment than/as regular employees because of ________. A) the same; task significance B) more; better wages C) the same; job responsibilities D) less; little job security
D
132) According to the social information processing model, the way employees view their jobs and their levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are NOT affected by ________. A) the objective nature of the job B) the social environment at work C) their own past behaviors D) their level of education
D
135) Organizational objectives do NOT ________. A) contribute to creating a motivating work setting B) describe the overarching purpose of an organization C) provide employees with a sense of meaning D) provide a representation of salary structure
D
143) Setting difficult and specific goals leads to consistently higher performance. The establishment and fulfillment of difficult goals does not encourage individual employees to ________. A) direct more attention toward achieving the goals B) exert more effort to meet the goals C) plan for achieving the goals D) accept the necessity of the goals
D
144) The use of specific and difficult goals, if not properly monitored, could reduce ________. A) performance B) intrinsic motivation C) extrinsic motivation D) organizational citizenship behavior
D
145) The use of goal setting will NOT increase motivation or performance ________. A) without extrinsic rewards for goal accomplishment B) if organizational citizenship behaviors is important to the company C) unless the workers are involved in setting the goals D) when workers lack the skills and abilities needed to perform at a higher level
D
147) ________ is a goal-setting process in which a manager meets periodically with his or her supervisor to set goals and evaluate how well previously set goals have been met. A) Management by consultation B) Management by observation C) Management by intervention D) Management by objectives
D
149) During the ________ step of MBO, the manager is given the autonomy to decide how to meet the goals in the specified time period. A) planning B) goal setting C) evaluation D) implementation
D
150) When following the management by objectives process, if conditions change which of the following is FALSE? A) It can be important to have a willingness to change objectives in midstream. B) It may no longer be appropriate to use the original objectives. C) There is no point in continuing work toward inappropriate objectives. D) There is no need to change objectives.
D
71) Managers try to design jobs which accomplish all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) increasing worker motivation B) encouraging workers to perform well C) allowing workers to enjoy their work D) standardizing workers' outcome levels
D
72) All of the following are early approaches to job design EXCEPT ________. A) scientific management B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job intercession
D
90) Job enrichment is also known as ________. A) horizontal job loading B) job enlargement C) job de-simplification D) vertical job loading
D
93) Possible disadvantages of job enrichment include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) unwanted additional responsibility B) expensive and impossible to do C) reduced efficiency D) repression of intrinsic motivation
D
