BIO chapter 8

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An electron carrier that can accept two high-energy electrons during photosynthesis is

NADPH

Which molecule is used as an electron carrier during photosynthesis?

NADPH

The products of the light reactions that are used by the Calvin cycle to make carbohydrates are ____

NADPH and ATP ( not oxygen because calvin cycle doesnt use it)

What is the product of the carbon fixation reaction catalyzed by rubisco in the Calvin cycle?

3-phosphoglycerate

What is the product of the oxidation of water during photosynthesis?

O2

What do photoautotrophs produce through the process of photosynthesis?

O2 Organic molecules

What enzyme is responsible for carbon fixation?

Rubisco

In photosynthesis, light energy is converted to _________ energy, which in turn is converted to _________ energy in a sugar molecule.

electrochemical chemical

Light is a type of _____ radiation because it consists of energy in the form of electric and magnetic fields.

electromagnetic

The incorporation of carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere into an organic molecule is called carbon ______

fixation

During photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced to produce ____

glucose

Electrons in the pigment molecules of photosystems I and II are excited by

light

The energy required for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide ultimately comes from

light

two stages of photosynthesis

light reactions and calvin cycle

Because they use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules, algae and cyanobacteria are considered

photoautotrophs

What type of organisms produce most of the Earth's organic molecules?

photoautotrophs

The synthesis of ATP using light as the ultimate energy source is called

photophosphorylation

What type of organisms carry out cellular respiration?

phototrophs and autotrophs

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced and H2A is oxidized. What type of chemical reaction is this?

redox

In the Calvin cycle, CO2 is ______.

reduced

The reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the

stroma

where does the calvin cyce occur?

stroma of the chloroplast

The two independent, light capturing complexes of proteins and pigments called photosystems I and II, are located in the ________ membrane of the chloroplast.

thylakoid membrane

Where are photosystems I and II located?

thylakoid membrane

Where do light reactions occur?

thylakoid membrane

True or false: Photoautotrophs metabolize organic molecules via cellular respiration to supply their energy needs.

true

During photosynthesis in green plants, what molecule is oxidized?

water

Why is light considered a form of electromagnetic radiation?

Because it consists of both electric and magnetic energy.

Cellular respiration regenerates the ______ that is used during photosynthesis.

CO2

What molecule is reduced during the process of photosynthesis?

CO2

What molecule is reduced in the Calvin cycle?

CO2

Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. Which of the following statements are true?

CO2 is reduced H2O is oxidized

In the first phase of the Blank______, atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a five carbon sugar.

Calvin cycle

What is photophosphorylation?

The synthesis of ATP powered by light energy

Which of the following organisms can carry out photosynthesis?

Algae Bacteria Plants

Which of the following organisms are photoautotrophs?

Algae Green plants Cyanobacteria

Which of the following summarizes the events of the first phase of the Calvin cycle?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a five carbon sugar.

What energy conversion occurs during photosynthesis?

Light energy is converted to electrochemical energy, which is converted to chemical energy.

How does an electron located in the pigment of the light-harvesting complexes become excited?

Light excites an electron in a pigment found in the light-harvesting complexes of the photosystems.

What happens during photosynthesis?

Plants capture energy from sunlight and use it to synthesize organic molecules.

What is the purpose of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy

What is carbon fixation?

The incorporation of carbon into an organic molecule that is not a gas

In the light reactions, ATP is generated via _____

chemiosmosis

Similar to ATP synthesis in mitochondria, ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is achieved by a(n) _________ mechanism called photophosphorylation.

chemiosmotic

Plants appear green because they contain

chlorophyll


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