BIO chapter 8
An electron carrier that can accept two high-energy electrons during photosynthesis is
NADPH
Which molecule is used as an electron carrier during photosynthesis?
NADPH
The products of the light reactions that are used by the Calvin cycle to make carbohydrates are ____
NADPH and ATP ( not oxygen because calvin cycle doesnt use it)
What is the product of the carbon fixation reaction catalyzed by rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
3-phosphoglycerate
What is the product of the oxidation of water during photosynthesis?
O2
What do photoautotrophs produce through the process of photosynthesis?
O2 Organic molecules
What enzyme is responsible for carbon fixation?
Rubisco
In photosynthesis, light energy is converted to _________ energy, which in turn is converted to _________ energy in a sugar molecule.
electrochemical chemical
Light is a type of _____ radiation because it consists of energy in the form of electric and magnetic fields.
electromagnetic
The incorporation of carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere into an organic molecule is called carbon ______
fixation
During photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced to produce ____
glucose
Electrons in the pigment molecules of photosystems I and II are excited by
light
The energy required for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide ultimately comes from
light
two stages of photosynthesis
light reactions and calvin cycle
Because they use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules, algae and cyanobacteria are considered
photoautotrophs
What type of organisms produce most of the Earth's organic molecules?
photoautotrophs
The synthesis of ATP using light as the ultimate energy source is called
photophosphorylation
What type of organisms carry out cellular respiration?
phototrophs and autotrophs
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced and H2A is oxidized. What type of chemical reaction is this?
redox
In the Calvin cycle, CO2 is ______.
reduced
The reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the
stroma
where does the calvin cyce occur?
stroma of the chloroplast
The two independent, light capturing complexes of proteins and pigments called photosystems I and II, are located in the ________ membrane of the chloroplast.
thylakoid membrane
Where are photosystems I and II located?
thylakoid membrane
Where do light reactions occur?
thylakoid membrane
True or false: Photoautotrophs metabolize organic molecules via cellular respiration to supply their energy needs.
true
During photosynthesis in green plants, what molecule is oxidized?
water
Why is light considered a form of electromagnetic radiation?
Because it consists of both electric and magnetic energy.
Cellular respiration regenerates the ______ that is used during photosynthesis.
CO2
What molecule is reduced during the process of photosynthesis?
CO2
What molecule is reduced in the Calvin cycle?
CO2
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. Which of the following statements are true?
CO2 is reduced H2O is oxidized
In the first phase of the Blank______, atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a five carbon sugar.
Calvin cycle
What is photophosphorylation?
The synthesis of ATP powered by light energy
Which of the following organisms can carry out photosynthesis?
Algae Bacteria Plants
Which of the following organisms are photoautotrophs?
Algae Green plants Cyanobacteria
Which of the following summarizes the events of the first phase of the Calvin cycle?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a five carbon sugar.
What energy conversion occurs during photosynthesis?
Light energy is converted to electrochemical energy, which is converted to chemical energy.
How does an electron located in the pigment of the light-harvesting complexes become excited?
Light excites an electron in a pigment found in the light-harvesting complexes of the photosystems.
What happens during photosynthesis?
Plants capture energy from sunlight and use it to synthesize organic molecules.
What is the purpose of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
The conversion of light energy to chemical energy
What is carbon fixation?
The incorporation of carbon into an organic molecule that is not a gas
In the light reactions, ATP is generated via _____
chemiosmosis
Similar to ATP synthesis in mitochondria, ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is achieved by a(n) _________ mechanism called photophosphorylation.
chemiosmotic
Plants appear green because they contain
chlorophyll