Bio exam 3
. Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why? A. It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. B. It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. C. It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. D. It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. E. It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure
A
. One of the dangers of smoking is that it disrupts the defensive system that utilizes ciliary action of what type of specialized epithelia? A. pseudostratified epithelium B. glandular epithelium C. cuboidal epithelium D. stratified epithelium E. columnar epithelium
A
. Which two types of cells make myelin? A. oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells B. microglia and astrocytes C. astrocytes and oligodendrocytes D. microglia and oligodendrocytes E. Schwann cells and microglia
A
44. What are the two components of the cardiovascular system? A. heart and blood vessels B. arteries and heart C. veins and heart D. arteries and veins E. capillaries and veins
A
At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body? A. veins B. lungs C. lymphatic vessels D. capillaries E. arteries
A
Carla is having problems with infections. Which body system is failing? A. immune system B. integumentary system C. cardiovascular system D. urinary system E. musculoskeletal system
A
It is thought that President Abraham Lincoln suffered from a genetic disorder known as Marfan syndrome. Which type of fiber is affected in this disorder? A. elastic fibers B. reticular fibers C. collagen fibers D. hyaline fibers E. ground fibers
A
The body's ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment is called A. homeostasis. B. development. C. homogeneous. D. coordination. E. feedback
A
The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _______. A. lymph B. plasma C. blood D. tissue fluid E. urine
A
The pleurae would be found in which body system? A. the respiratory system B. the cardiovascular system C. the muscular system D. the urinary system E. the skeletal system
A
What is the role of the lymphatic system associated with the cardiovascular system? A. collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system B. collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system C. producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system D. producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system E. prevention of infection
A
What membrane is infected in meningitis? A. the lining of the brain and spinal cord B. the lining of the lungs C. the lining of the heart D. the lining of the digestive tract E. the lining of the reproductive tract
A
When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to? A. roads B. government building C. grocery stores D. waste recycling plant E. power plant
A
Which arterial structure enables it to resist the blood pressure? A. elastic tissue in the arterial wall B. valves within artery C. skeletal muscle within the arterial walls D. precapillary sphincters E. a wall composed only of endothelium
A
Which component of the neuron receives the signal from the sensory receptor? A. dendrite B. axon C. cell body D. nucleus E. myelin sheath
A
Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol? A. liver B. stomach C. kidneys D. esophagus E. large intestine
A
Which structure produces "goose bumps?" A. arrector pili muscles B. hair follicles C. sebaceous glands D. sudoriferous glands E. cuticle
A
Which type of blood cell is responsible for transporting oxygen? A. red blood cells B. platelets C. leukocytes D. plasma E. thrombocytes
A
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the air sacs and permits exchange of gasses? A. squamous epithelium B. columnar epithelium C. pseudostratified columnar epithelium D. cuboidal epithelium E. stratified cuboidal epithelium
A
Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities? A. epithelial tissue B. connective tissue C. muscular tissue D. nervous tissue E. vascular tissue
A
. Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the A. bile. B. small intestines. C. large intestines. D. stomach. E. blood
B
45. The innermost layer of an artery is known as what? A. mesothelium B. endothelium C. exothelium D. hyperthelium E. hypothelium
B
Bone cancer and other cancers of connective tissue are called A. carcinomas. B. sarcomas. C. leukemias. D. lymphomas. E. blastomas
B
Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___. A. middle B. right C. left D. front E. back
B
The specialized cells in the nervous system that serve to conduct a signal are known as A. neuroglia. B. neurons. C. dendrocytes. D. astrocytes. E. Schwann cells
B
The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of A. multiple nuclei per cell. B. actin and myosin filaments. C. intercalated discs. D. the branching of the cells. E. tendons connecting the muscle to bone.
B
What is the function of valves in the veins? A. increase the rate of blood flow B. prevent the backward flow of blood C. regulation of blood pressure D. oxygenate the blood E. remove debris from the blood
B
What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues? A. actin B. collagen C. keratin D. fibrinogen E. myosin
B
What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule? A. precapillary valve B. endothelium C. precapillary sphincter D. pericardium E. shunt valve
B
Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization? A. arterioles B. capillaries C. venules D. small arteries E. veins
B
Which of the following is responsible for the waterproofing of skin? A. mucus B. keratin C. hyaline cartilage D. sweat E. wax
B
. Alison was looking at a tissue under the microscope. It had cells within lacuna and the matrix was glassy looking. What type of tissue is she looking at? A. blood B. bone C. cartilage D. adipose E. areolar
C
. In turning a page, you would mainly be using what type of tissue? A. cardiac muscle B. smooth muscle C. skeletal muscle D. adipose tissue E. epithelial tissue
C
. What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch? A. Pseudostratified epithelium B. Glandular epithelium C. Transitional epithelium D. Stratified epithelium E. Columnar epithelium
C
1. Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called A. membranes. B. organs. C. tissues. D. glands. E. organisms.
C
57. What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart? A. mesothelium B. endothelium C. pericardium D. myocardium E. epicardium
C
84. In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood. A. rich, rich B. poor, poor C. rich, poor D. poor, rich
C
As a result of an infection, which component of blood would increase? A. platelets B. erythrocytes C. leukocytes D. plasma E. serum
C
Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries. A. Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets. B. Almost all capillaries are open at the same time. C. The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. D. Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow. E. The walls of capillaries contain smooth muscle.
C
Gynecologists perform yearly pap smears for women. This procedure is important in early diagnosis and prevention of what type of cancer? A. breast cancer B. colon cancer C. cervical cancer D. pancreatic cancer E. liver cancer
C
Which systems function in adjustment of the acid-base balance of the blood? A. cardiovascular and muscular B. cardiovascular and urinary C. respiratory and urinary D. respiratory and skeletal E. muscular and skeletal
C
Jacob looked up and saw the car. This information was relayed to him via what type of tissue? A. Epithelial B. Connective C. Muscular D. Nervous E. Vascular
D
The best description for the two components of blood are A. red blood cells and plasma. B. platelets and plasma. C. white blood cells and red blood cells. D. formed elements and plasma. E. formed elements and platelets.
D
Todd's father slipped a disk in his back. Dr. Foster explained to the family that the intervertebral disks are composed of A. elastic cartilage. B. hyaline cartilage. C. composite cartilage. D. fibrocartilage. E. bone.
D
What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses? A. Epithelial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Muscular tissue D. Nervous tissue E. Vascular tissue
D
When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why? A. Veins return blood to the heart against gravity. B. Arteries contain a greater volume of blood. C. Veins have valves. D. Arteries are under greater pressure. E. Arteries have less smooth muscle than veins.
D
When you put your hand on a hot stove, ____ receive signals from the sensory receptors or other neurons and ______ conduct nerve impulses. A. astrocytes, oligodendrocytes B. axons, dendrites C. astrocytes, dendrites D. dendrites, axons E. dendrites, astrocytes
D
Which type of gland can become blocked and form a "blackhead?" A. sudoriferous B. sweat C. endocrine D. sebaceous E. compound
D
Which type of neuroglia cell is found outside of the brain? A. astrocytes B. microglia C. oligodendrocytes D. Schwann cells E. axons
D
Stretch marks are the result of tears in the integumentary layer that contains fibrous connective tissue, elastin, and collagen. What is this region of the integument called? A. subcutaneous layer B. Langerhan layer C. epidermis D. hypodermis E. dermis
E
Sweating is a physiological process that seeks to maintain A. blood glucose levels. B. blood volume. C. urine levels. D. blood pH. E. body temperature
E
What carries oxygen in the blood? A. platelets B. serum C. plasma D. white blood cells E. red blood cells
E
Which of the following is not a function of the integument? A. protection from pathogen invasion B. inhibition of water loss C. regulation of body temperature D. synthesis of vitamin D E. production of white blood cells
E
While observing cardiac muscle under the microscope for the first time, Jennifer noticed lines running perpendicular to the direction of the muscle. These lines are called A. perpendicular plates. B. Volkman canals. C. Broca's area. D. Haversian canals. E. intercalated discs.
E
58. What are the upper chambers of the heart called? A. atria B. auricles C. AV valves D. ventricles E. septa
a
60. The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________. A. aorta B. superior vena cava C. left pulmonary vein D. inferior vena cava E. left common carotid artery
a
64. A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach? A. right atrium B. left atrium C. right ventricle D. left ventricle E. aorta
a
67. The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what? A. the closing of the AV valves B. the closing of the semilunar valves C. the right atrium contracting D. the left atrium contracting E. the relaxation of both atria
a
70. Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine. What does this do to her heart rate? A. increases it B. decreases it C. stops it D. does not alter it E. makes it skip every other beat
a
76. Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart? A. systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart B. diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart C. systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing D. diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing E. diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing
a
82. Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood? A. pulmonary artery B. pulmonary vein C. vena cava D. aorta E. all of these carry deoxygenated blood
a
97. If there is a problem with clotting, what plasma protein may be involved? A. fibrinogens B. gamma globulins C. alpha globulins D. albumins E. beta globulins
a
What is a stent? A. a cylinder of expandable metal mesh B. time spent in recovery after coronary bypass surgery C. a treatment for phlebitis D. an instrument that regulates the heartbeat E. a treatment to lower blood pressure
a
101. What makes the blood red? A. albumin B. hemoglobin C. fibrinogen D. globulins E. platelets
b
102. Mature human red blood cells A. have a nucleus. B. are biconcave discs without a nucleus. C. are rare in the bloodstream. D. carry plasma. E. fight pathogens.
b
109. Which of the following are agranular leukocytes? A. neutrophils and basophils B. lymphocytes and monocytes C. eosinophils and monocytes D. monocytes and neutrophils E. neutrophils and lymphocytes
b
62. What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the valves? A. cingulated pectorale B. chordae tendinae C. corpus albicans D. corpus callosum E. choroid plexus
b
68. What is considered the pacemaker of the heart? A. medulla oblongata B. the sinoatrial node C. the atrioventricular node D. Purkinje fibers E. atrioventricular bundle
b
69. Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center? A. cerebrum B. medulla oblongata C. cerebellum D. pons E. frontal lobe
b
77. Where in the body is blood pressure the highest? A. superior vena cava B. aorta C. inferior vena cava D. lung capillaries E. renal capillaries
b
80. What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver? A. cephalic B. hepatic portal C. coronary D. celiac E. lymphatic
b
88. If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries? A. It will have no effect. B. Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues. C. Oxygen will not leave the capillary and enter the tissues. D. Carbon dioxide will not leave the tissues and enter the capillary. E. Plasma proteins will be able to leave the capillary and enter the tissues.
b
89. What is the bursting of a blood vessel called? A. embolus B. aneurysm C. thrombus D. myocardial infarction E. stroke
b
94. What drug may protect against having a first heart attack? A. acetominophen B. aspirin C. ACE D. t-PA E. beta-blockers
b
106. Hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide is called A. oxyhemoglobin. B. betahemoglobin. C. carbaminohemoglobin. D. alphahemoglobin. E. deoxyhemoglobin.
c
107. What hormone produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells? A. carbonic anhydrase B. prolactin C. erythropoietin D. adrenalin E. lipase
c
63. During open heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____________. A. myocardium B. left ventricle C. pericardium D. right ventricle E. left atrium
c
65. Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs? A. right atrium B. left atrium C. right ventricle D. left ventricle
c
66. If the semilunar valve was blocked, where would blood accumulate? A. lungs B. right atrium C. left atrium D. right ventricle E. left ventricle
c
72. If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating? A. 140 beats per minute B. 35 beats per minute C. 70 beats per minute D. 120 beats per minute E. 80 beats per minute
c
74. What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure? A. stethoscope B. CPR C. sphygmomanometer D. ECG E. AED
c
78. Why does blood move slower in the capillaries compared to the arterioles? A. Capillaries are much wider than arterioles. B. Blood pressure is much higher in capillaries than in arterioles. C. There are many more capillaries than arterioles. D. Precapillary sphincters close shunting blood into capillaries. E. Capillaries are present in muscles while arterioles are not.
c
91. Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease? A. Know your cholesterol level. B. Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C). C. Raise the LDL intake. D. Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream. E. Exercise moderately.
c
98. When Jennifer had to receive a gamma globulin shot after being exposed to hepatitis, the gamma globulins were serving what function? A. blood clotting agents B. transport molecules for cholesterol and iron C. antibodies D. osmoregulatory molecules E. transport molecules for glucose
c
Which of the following cells would have a greater probability of developing into cancer? A. brain cells B. neurons C. epithelial cells D. muscle cells E. liver cells
c
100. What gives rise to all the formed elements of the blood? A. megakaryocytes B. macrophages C. reticulocytes D. stem cells E. erythroblasts
d
105. How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma? A. 0% B. 1% C. 5% D. 7% E. 10%
d
108. If a person does not have enough iron in their diet, they may suffer from A. acidosis. B. blood doping. C. hemolysis. D. anemia. E. jaundice.
d
73. Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has __________. A. normal blood pressure B. prehypertension C. hypotension D. stage 1 hypertension E. stage 2 hypertension
d
90. The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease? A. hypotension B. aneurysm C. hypertension D. atherosclerosis E. infarction
d
92. Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack? A. feeling of pressure in the chest B. dizziness C. nausea and vomiting D. diarrhea E. shortness of breath
d
95. Which of the following is not a function of blood? A. transport B. defense C. regulation D. pumping E. carry oxygen
d
96. What are the most abundant plasma proteins that also establish the osmotic pressure of the plasma? A. fibrinogens B. gamma globulins C. astrocytes D. albumins E. hemoglobin
d
99. RBCs are better known as ________ and WBCs are better known as ___________. A. lymphocytes, monocytes B. erythrocytes, eosinophils C. leukocytes, erythrocytes D. erythrocytes, leukocytes E. macrophages, neutrophils
d
104. Approximately how many oxygen molecules can a single RBC carry? A. less than 10 B. one hundred C. one thousand D. one million E. one billion
e
59. What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue? A. atria and auricles B. septae and chordae C. intercalated disks D. myocardium and pericardium E. gap junctions and desmosomes
e
71. What does an ECG record? A. brain activity B. blood volume C. heart sounds D. hormonal changes E. electrical changes
e
75. A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees. Why? A. The valves in the leg veins don't work above a certain altitude. B. Blood pressure drops on long airplane flights. C. The respiratory pump is not helping blood return to the heart. D. The capillaries expand at high altitudes. E. The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.
e
79. What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit? A. femoral B. carotid C. pulmonary D. hepatic E. aorta
e
