BIOL 102: Ch. 40-42

How does connective tissue differ from the other three major tissue types? a. Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. b. Connective tissue consists of contractile proteins. c. Connective tissue consists of cells capable of transmitting electrical impulses. d. There are three types of connective tissue. e. Connective tissue is found lining body surfaces.

a. Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Which of these describes loose connective tissue? a. It is a loose weave of fibers that functions as a packing material. b. It is composed of many fibers that connect bone to bone and muscle to bone. c. It is a rigid material that provides structural support. d. It transports nutrients and gases from one part of the body to another. e. It plays a role in padding, insulation, and energy storage.

a. It is a loose weave of fibers that functions as a packing material.

Generally, epithelial cell layers are responsible for separating two fluids. For example, the epithelium of blood vessels in animals separates the blood from the interstitial fluid. What characteristic would you expect to see in an epithelium that was specialized for passive diffusion of materials from one fluid to another? a. a single layer of flattened cells b. loosely connected cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix c. large, cube-shaped cells d. many layers of cells stacked together

a. a single layer of flattened cells

Cardiac muscle is the only muscle composed of _____ fibers. a. branched b. unstriated c. unbranched and cylindrical d. spindle shaped e. striated

a. branched

Much of the coordination of vertebrate body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by the _____. a. endocrine system b. respiratory system c. integumentary system d. excretory system

a. endocrine system

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has _____. a. less surface area per unit of volume b. a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen c. a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio d. less surface area

a. less surface area per unit of volume

What type of muscle is responsible for contractions of the digestive tract and arteries? a. smooth muscle b. skeletal muscle c. striated muscle d. voluntary muscle e. cardiac muscle

a. smooth muscle

_____ is the connective tissue specialized for transport. a. Bone b. Blood c. Adipose tissue d. Muscle tissue e. Cartilage

b. Blood

Some animals have no gills when young, but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger. What is the reason for this increase in gill size? a. The young of these animals are much more active than the adult, which leads to a higher BMR (basal metabolic rate) and, therefore, a higher need for oxygen. b. Relative to their volume, the young have more surface area across which they can transport all the oxygen they need. c. Relative to their surface area, the young have more body volume in which they can store oxygen for long periods of time. d. The young have a higher BMR.

b. Relative to their volume, the young have more surface area across which they can transport all the oxygen they need.

All types of muscle tissue have _____. a. cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated b. interactions between actin and myosin c. a response that can be consciously controlled d. striated banding patterns seen under the microscope

b. interactions between actin and myosin

As animals have evolved large body size, they have also evolved adaptations to improve exchange of energy and materials with the environment. For example, in many larger organisms, evolution has favored lungs and a digestive tract with ________. a. larger cells b. more branching or folds c. decreased blood supply d. increased thickness

b. more branching or folds

All animals, whether large or small, have _____. a. an external body surface that is dry b. most of their cells in contact with an aqueous medium c. a body surface covered with hair to keep them warm d. a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac

b. most of their cells in contact with an aqueous medium

The four major categories of tissues are _____. a. muscle, epithelial, bone, and cartilage b. nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle c. blood, nervous, connective, and muscle d. simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and stratified squamous e. bone, muscle, blood, and adipose

b. nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle

Which of the following is a correct statement about an organism and its environment? a. An animal is a closed system that is separate and distinct from its environment. b. The interstitial fluid is the exchange medium between body cells and the circulatory system in vertebrate animals. c. The gastrovascular cavity provides the nutrient exchange surface in mammals. d. Animals isolated from their environments live longer than those exchanging matter with the environment. e. None of the choices is correct.

b. the interstitial fluid is the exchange medium between body cells and the circulatory system in vertebrate animals

Cartilage is found _____. a. surrounding organs such as the kidneys b. in the heart c. at the ends of each bone such as the femur d. covering the surface of your body e. connecting one bone to another

c. at the ends of each bone such as the femur

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with _____. a. connective tissue b. neural tissue c. epithelial tissue d. smooth muscle cells

c. epithelial tissue

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because _____. a. it is found within all the organs of the body b. its cells can move from place to place c. its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix d. it contains more than one type of cell

c. its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix

What type of epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients? a. stratified cuboidal epithelium b. simple cuboidal cells c. simple columnar epithelium d. stratified columnar epithelium e. stratified squamous epithelium

c. simple columnar epthelium

What type of epithelium would you expect to find covering a surface subject to physical forces? a. simple epithelium b. squamous epithelium c. stratified epithelium d. simple cuboidal cells e. columnar epithelium

c. stratified epithelium

Nervous tissue functions _____. a. as a physical barrier to the invasion of pathogens b. to physically move the body c. to sense stimuli d. to physically support the body e. in the absorption of nutrients

c. to sense stimuli

Interstitial fluid is ________. a. found only in the lumen of the small intestine b. the internal environment inside animal cells c. identical to blood in composition. d. a site of exchange between blood and body cells

d. a site of exchange between blood and body cells

Which of these is NOT one of the four major categories of tissue? a. muscle b. epithelial c. connective d. blood e. nervous

d. blood

Most types of communication between cells utilize _____. a. the exchange of cytosol between the cells b. the movement of the cells c. the exchange of DNA between the cells d. chemical or electrical signals

d. chemical or electrical signals

A neuron consists of _____. a. a cell body only b. dendrites only c. axons only d. dendrites, a cell body, and axons e. striations

d. dendrites, a cell body, and axons

Connective tissues typically have _____. a. little space between the membranes of adjacent cells b. the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses c. the ability to shorten upon stimulation d. relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

d. relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

What type of epithelial tissue lines kidney tubules? a. stratified squamous epithelium b. stratified cuboidal epithelium c. simple squamous epithelium d. simple cuboidal cells e. stratified transitional epithelium

d. simple cuboidal cells

Which of these tissues, found in the lungs, permits gas exchange by diffusion? a. stratified squamous epithelium b. simple cuboidal cells c. stratified cuboidal epithelium d. simple squamous epithelium e. simple columnar epithelium

d. simple squamous epithelium

Cardiac muscle cells are both _____. a. striated and under voluntary control b. smooth and under voluntary control c. smooth and under involuntary control d. striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

d. striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

In mammals, GH (growth hormone) is an endocrine signal that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following would be required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone? a. a voltage change must occur b. the responding tissue must be muscle c. nerve cells must attach to the responding tissue for growth hormone to work d. the presence of a growth hormone receptor on the responding tissue

d. the presence of a growth hormone receptor on the responding tissue

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because _____. a. all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures b. this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water c. all share a recent common ancestor d. the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution, which reduces drag while swimming

d. the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution, which reduces drag while swimming

Both the endocrine and nervous systems transmit information around an animal's body. Which of the following is a characteristic of nervous system signals? a. allow gradual changes to take place in the body b. a voltage change must occur c. usually impact the entire body d. travel quickly, allowing rapid transmission of signals

d. travel quickly, allowing rapid transmission of signals

_____ muscle is attached to bones. a. Smooth b. Involuntary c. Cardiac d. Branched e. Skeletal

e. skeletal