Biology Chapter 14 Quiz

If the codon is 5′-GAA-3′, then the corresponding anticodon is 1) 3′-CUU-5′. 2) 3′-CTT-5′. 3) 3′-GAA-5′. 4) 5′-CUU-3′. 5) 5′-GAA-3′.

1) 3′-CUU-5′.

An mRNA sequence is 5′-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-3′ ([...] denotes intervening sequences). What is the sequence of the template strand of DNA? 1) 3′-GTCAATGCT...ATTCG-5′ 2) 3′-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-5′ 3) 5′-GTCAATGCT...ATTCG-3′ 4) 5′-CAGTTACGA...TAAGC-3′ 4) 5′-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-3′

1) 3′-GTCAATGCT...ATTCG-5′

Which statement about the flow of genetic information is true? 1) DNA encodes information that is transcribed into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins. 2) RNA encodes information that is transcribed into DNA, and DNA encodes information that is translated into proteins. 3) Proteins encode information that can be translated into RNA, and RNA encodes information that can be transcribed into DNA. 4) DNA encodes information that is translated directly to proteins, without any intermediaries. 5) Proteins encode information that is used to produce other proteins of the same amino acid sequence.

1) DNA encodes information that is transcribed into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins.

The poly A tail added to pre-mRNA 1) increases mRNA stability. 2) reduces mRNA stability. 3) is attached to its 5ʹ end. 4) is coded for by DNA. 5) allows it to be reverse transcribed.

1) increases mRNA stability.

The regions of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that contain noncoding base sequences are called 1) introns. 2) enhancers. 3) mRNAs. 4) leader sequences. 5) hnRNAs.

1) introns.

The stop codons code for 1) no amino acid. 2) halt enzyme. 3) methionine. 4) DNA binding protein. 5) glycine.

1) no amino acid.

The transfer of information from DNA to RNA occurs during _______, while the transfer of information from RNA to protein occurs during _______. 1) transcription; translation 2) translation; elongation 3) transcription; transfection 4) translation; transfection 5) translation; transcription

1) transcription; translation

The adaptor between mRNA and a protein is 1) DNA polymerase. 2) tRNA. 3) DNA. 4) a promoter. 5) RNA polymerase.

2) tRNA.

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _______ from a _______ template strand. 1) 5ʹ to 3ʹ; 5ʹ-to-3ʹ 2) 3ʹ to 5ʹ; 3ʹ-to-5ʹ 3) 3ʹ to 5ʹ; 5ʹ-to-3ʹ 4) 5ʹ to 5ʹ; 3ʹ-to-5ʹ 5) 5ʹ to 3ʹ; 3ʹ-to-5ʹ

3) 3ʹ to 5ʹ; 5ʹ-to-3ʹ

The start codon is near the _______ end of the mRNA, and this corresponds with the _______ terminus of the polypeptide. 1) 5′; C 2) 3′; N 3) 5′; N 4) 3′; C 5) 3′; T

3) 5′; N

If the coding region of an mRNA is 2,400 nucleotides long, how many codons does it have? 1) 1,200 2) 7,200 3) 600 4) 2,400 5) 800

3) 600

Which statement about RNA is false? 1) Ribosomal RNA functions in translation. 2) RNAs are produced by transcription. 3) Messenger RNAs are produced on ribosomes. 4) Transfer RNA functions in translation. 5) DNA codes for mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

3) Messenger RNAs are produced on ribosomes.

Exons are 1) larger than the original coding region. 2) spliced to introns to form the final transcript. 3) spliced together from the original transcript. 4) much larger than introns. 5) spliced out of the original transcript.

3) spliced together from the original transcript.

The amino acids in proteins are encoded by _______ different codons. 1) 64 2) 42 3) 23 4) 61 5) 20

4) 61

Comparison of the same gene and its product in two different animal species revealed that the amino acids are 98 percent identical but the nucleotides are only 86 percent identical. What accounts for the much higher amino acid identity than nucleotide identity? 1) The researchers sequenced different template strands. 2) The genetic code is ambiguous. 3) The genetic code is nonredundant. 4) The genetic code is redundant. 5) The genetic code differs between species.

4) The genetic code is redundant.

A codon is _______ nucleotides long, and there are _______ different possible codons in total. 1) 4; 64 2) 2; 16 3) 3; 16 4) 2; 64 5) 3; 64

5) 3; 64

Suppose the DNA of a gene contains five regions—A, B, C, D, and E, in that order. Regions A, B, and D are located in introns, while regions C and E are located in exons. What is the order of the regions in the pre-mRNA transcribed from that sequence? 1) ABDCE 2) BAD 3) ABD 4) CE 5) ABCDE

5) ABCDE

Suppose the DNA of a gene contains seven regions, A through G, in that order. Regions A, B, E, and G are located in exons, while regions C, D, and F are located in introns. What is the order of the regions in the mature mRNA transcribed from that sequence? 1) CDF 2) ABEGCDF 3) AB 4) ABCDEFG 5) ABEG

5) ABEG

Which molecule is used in transcription? 1) Ribosome 2) DNA polymerase 3) tRNA 4) GTP 5) dATP

5) dATP

In eukaryotes, the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is always _______ because the only codon for this amino acid is also the _______ codon. This amino acid is not always the first amino acid in a processed protein because of _______. 1) methionine; start; glycosylation 2) methionine; stop; proteolysis 3) alanine; stop; proteolysis 4) alanine; start; glycosylation 5) methionine; start; proteolysis

5) methionine; start; proteolysis