CH. 12 Review

Expandable extensions of the atrium are called

auricles

Intercalated discs consist of

desmosomes and gap junctions

Autoregulation of cardiovascular activity is stimulated by release of

local vasodilators.

Chordae tendineae originate at the

papillary muscles.

Increased inhalation during exercise pulls blood into the vena cava by a mechanism called

the respiratory pump.

Peripheral vasoconstriction is stimulated by

the vasomotor center.

During heavy exercise cardiac output increases approximately ________ and skeletal muscle blood flow increases ________.

three-fold; ten-fold

If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the

AV node

A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a

ECG

Central regulation of cardiovascular action by neural and endocrine mechanisms occurs

at any time that autoregulation is ineffective.

Blood flow in the coronary arteries originates

at the base of the ascending aorta

A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is

balloon angioplasty and stent placement.

Low pressure and slow flow rates are characteristics of favorable

capillary exchange.

44. Parasympathetic neurons that slow heart rate are contained in the

cardiac inhibitory center.

Sympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the

cardiac nerve.

Pressure gradient adjustments can be generated by changing

cardiac output and/or peripheral resistance.

Heart rate is stimulated by

cardioacceleratory center

Baroreceptors are located in

carotid arteries and the aorta.

Reduction in circulatory supply is called

coronary ischemia

During light exercise, the increase in cardiac output is mostly due to

increased venous return.

Baroreceptor stimulation is caused by blood pressure ________ and results in ________.

increasing; vasodilation

Julie's baroreceptors detect an increase in blood pressure. Which represents a normal homeostatic response?

inhibit sympathetic activity to the heart

If capillary blood flow is too fast, insufficient time for efficient diffusion occurs. The body can compensate by adjusting the capillary

pressure gradient.

Calcium channel blockers change stroke volume by

reducing contractibility.

Abnormally high blood volume is recognized by

stretch receptors in the heart wall.

Cardiac output depends on

stroke volume and heart rate.

An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called

tachycardia

A typical bioprosthetic valve will provide service for approximately

ten years

A mid sagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart

unequally, with most lying on the left side.

Parasympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the

vagus nerve.

The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is

venous return.

Relaxation of the lower chambers of the heart is called

ventricular diastole.

Blood circulates into the coronary arteries during

ventricular relaxation.

Blood flow is ________ proportional to blood pressure and ________ proportional to peripheral resistance

directly; inversely

A woman has lost her pacemaker and the AV node has taken over the excitatory role of the heart. An expected corresponding ECG would show

loss of p