Ch 12.1 -12.4 Neruons Connect Assignments

Which best describes an electrical potential? Multiple choice question. The movement of charged particles like ions The opposition to the flow of electrical current across a membrane A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule A form of potential energy that can produce current

A form of potential energy that can produce current

Which best describes signal conduction in unmyelinated axons? Multiple choice question. A wave of depolarization opens more voltage-gated channels immediately distal to the action potential. The entire axon depolarizes at the same time. The signal is transmitted from one node of Ranvier to the next through saltatory conduction. A local potential is passively conducted down the entire length of the axon.

A wave of depolarization opens more voltage-gated channels immediately distal to the action potential.

Indicate which of the following statements are true about signal conduction along unmyelinated fibers. Multiple select question. A zone of depolarization excites voltage-gated channels immediately distal to the action potential. Unmyelinated fibers have voltage-gated channels along their entire length. The signal conduction in unmyelinated fibers is saltatory.

A zone of depolarization excites voltage-gated channels immediately distal to the action potential. Unmyelinated fibers have voltage-gated channels along their entire length.

Which process of a neuron is specialized for rapid conduction of nerve signals to structures relatively far away from the neuron cell body? Multiple choice question. Axon Dendrite Perikaryon Ganglia

Axon

Two organ systems are dedicated to internal coordination, communication between the other systems, and maintaining the overall homeostasis of the body. They are the EndocrineBlank 1Blank 1 Endocrine , Correct Unavailable system, which communicates by means of hormones, and the NervousBlank 2Blank 2 Nervous , Correct Unavailable system which sends quick electrical and chemical messages from cell to cell.

Blank 1: endocrine or Endocrine Blank 2: nervous or Nervous

What are the two major anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system? Multiple choice question. Visceral and somatic nervous systems Motor and sensory nervous systems Central and peripheral nervous systems Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Central and peripheral nervous systems

Which fundamental physiological property of neurons allows them to send signals quickly over long distances? Multiple choice question. Contractility Secretion Conductivity Excitability

Conductivity

Which term refers to the flow of charged particles from one point to another? Multiple choice question. Current Electrical potential Resistance Conductance

Current

_____ are the processes of a neuron that usually receive signals from other neurons.

Dendrites

______ cells protect the neurons and help them function. Multiple choice question. Afferent Glial Efferent Multipolar

Glial

Which are characteristics of local potentials? Multiple select question. All-or-none Graded Decremental Self-propagating

Graded Decremental

Which statements are true about signal conduction along myelinated fibers? Multiple select question. No nerve signal conduction occurs at the internodes. Ions can be exchanged with the ECF only at the nodes of Ranvier. Action potentials occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. There are few voltage-gated ion channels at the myelin-covered internodes and multiple channels at the nodes of Ranvier.

Ions can be exchanged with the ECF only at the nodes of Ranvier. Action potentials occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. There are few voltage-gated ion channels at the myelin-covered internodes and multiple channels at the nodes of Ranvier.

Which correctly describe axonal transport? Multiple select question. It is a type of transport that occurs only in anaxonic neurons. It is bidirectional (retrograde and anterograde transport). It involves transport of proteins within the axon (i.e. synaptic knob enzymes or proteins that maintain the axolemma).

It is bidirectional (retrograde and anterograde transport). It involves transport of proteins within the axon (i.e. synaptic knob enzymes or proteins that maintain the axolemma).

Which correctly describe axonal transport? Multiple select question. It is bidirectional (retrograde and anterograde transport). It is a type of transport that occurs only in anaxonic neurons. It involves transport of proteins within the axon (i.e. synaptic knob enzymes or proteins that maintain the axolemma).

It is bidirectional (retrograde and anterograde transport). It involves transport of proteins within the axon (i.e. synaptic knob enzymes or proteins that maintain the axolemma).

Which of the following contributes to the development of the resting membrane potential in neurons? Multiple choice question. Na+ is more concentrated in the ICF than in the ECF. K+ is more concentrated in the ICF than in the ECF. K+ is more concentrated in the ECF than in the ICF. Na+ and K+ have equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane.

K+ is more concentrated in the ICF than in the ECF.

During axonal transport, motor proteins transport material as they crawl along microtubules. Match the type of axonal transport with its corresponding motor protein. Kinesin Dynein

Kinesin - Anterograde transport Dynein - Retrograde transport

The myelin sheath is composed mostly of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Glycoproteins

Lipids

Which term refers to decremental changes in electrical potential along a dendrite or the soma? Multiple choice question. Local potentials Action potentials Synaptic potentials Resting potentials

Local potentials

Neurons with numerous dendrites and a single axon are structurally classified as which of the following? Multiple choice question. Unipolar Bipolar Multipolar Anaxonic

Multipolar

Neurons are classified structurally according to the number of processes extending from the soma. Match each classification to its description.

Multipolar neurons matches Choice, One axon; multiple dendrites One axon; multiple dendrites Bipolar neurons matches Choice, One axon; one dendrite One axon; one dendrite Unipolar neurons matches Choice, A single process A single process Anaxonic neurons matches Choice, No axon; multiple dendrites No axon; multiple dendrites

Which two organ systems are primarily responsible for coordinating the other bodily systems so as to maintain homeostasis? Multiple select question. Nervous system Immune system Cardiovascular system Endocrine system

Nervous system Endocrine system

Sensory, association and motor are the three classes of what? Multiple choice question. Neurons Neuroglia Ganglia Neurotransmitters

Neurons

Which term refers to the gaps between segments of myelin along an axon? Multiple choice question. Initial segments Synapses Nodes of Ranvier Internodes

Nodes of Ranvier

Which glial cell insulates nerve fibers from extracellular fluids and speeds up signal conduction in the brain? Multiple choice question. Oligodendrocyte Schwann cell Astrocyte Ependymal cell

Oligodendrocyte

Which glial cell insulates nerve fibers from extracellular fluids and speeds up signal conduction in the brain? Multiple choice question. Schwann cell Oligodendrocyte Ependymal cell Astrocyte

Oligodendrocyte

Which types of glial cells are found in the central nervous system? Multiple select question. Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Ependymal cells Microglia Satellite cells Schwann cells

Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Ependymal cells Microglia

Taken together, the sensory and motor subdivisions make up which of the following? Multiple choice question. Peripheral nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Which ion has the greatest influence on the resting membrane potential of most neurons? Multiple choice question. Chloride Calcium Sodium Potassium

Potassium

An electrical potential is a form of what type of energy? Multiple choice question. Thermal energy Chemical energy Kinetic energy Potential energy

Potential energy

Which are usually found inside the cell body (or soma) of a mature neuron? Multiple select question. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Mitochondria Synaptic vesicles Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Nucleus

Which term is used to describe signal conduction along a myelinated axon? Multiple choice question. Migratory Saltatory Continuous Local

Saltatory

Match each glial cell type with its location and function.

Satellite cells matches Choice, In the PNS; surround somas of neurons in ganglia, provide electrical insulation, and regulate the chemical environment of neurons In the PNS; surround somas of neurons in ganglia, provide electrical insulation, and regulate the chemical environment of neurons Schwann cells matches Choice, In the PNS; form neurilemma around all PNS fibers and myelin around most of them; aid in regeneration of damaged nerve fibers. In the PNS; form neurilemma around all PNS fibers and myelin around most of them; aid in regeneration of damaged nerve fibers. Ependymal cells matches Choice, In the CNS; line cavities of the brain and spinal cord; secrete and circulate CSF In the CNS; line cavities of the brain and spinal cord; secrete and circulate CSF Microglia matches Choice, In the CNS; phagocytize microorganisms, foreign matter, and dead nervous tissue In the CNS; phagocytize microorganisms, foreign matter, and dead nervous tissue

Which is true about a neuron with a large diameter, myelinated axon as compared to a neuron with a small diameter, unmyelinated axon? Multiple choice question. Signal conduction will be slower More neurotransmitter will be released Signal conduction will be faster Less neurotransmitter will be released

Signal conduction will be faster

The sensory and motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system are further split into which two subdivisions? Multiple choice question. Spinal cord and brain Somatic and visceral Autonomic and voluntary Proximal and distal

Somatic and visceral

Which best describes an electrical current? Multiple choice question. The movement of charged particles like ions The opposition to the flow of electrical current across a membrane A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule A form of potential energy that can produce current

The movement of charged particles like ions

In order for a peripheral nerve fiber to regenerate it must have which of the following? Multiple choice question. All dendrites intact At least part of the perikaryon intact The soma and at least some neurilemma intact The entire axon intact

The soma and at least some neurilemma intact

In order for a peripheral nerve fiber to regenerate it must have which of the following? Multiple choice question. The soma and at least some neurilemma intact At least part of the perikaryon intact The entire axon intact All dendrites intact

The soma and at least some neurilemma intact

Which statements are true about Schwann cells? Multiple select question. They form the myelin sheath in the PNS. They assist in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers. They form the neurilemma. They are only found in the central nervous system.

They form the myelin sheath in the PNS. They assist in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers. They form the neurilemma.

Choose the characteristics of neuroglia. Multiple select question. Their main properties are excitability and conductivity. They protect the neurons and help them function. They are less numerous than neurons. They bind neurons together and provide a supportive scaffold.

They protect the neurons and help them function. They bind neurons together and provide a supportive scaffold.

Movement away from the neuron cell body toward an axon ending is called ______ transport. Multiple choice question. retrograde anterograde

anterograde

The brain and spinal cord are components of the ______ nervous system, while the nerves and ganglia are components of the ______ nervous system. Multiple choice question. somatic, autonomic sympathetic, parasympathetic peripheral, central central, peripheral

central, peripheral

The myelin sheath is a spiral layer of ______ around a nerve fiber. Multiple choice question. muscle tissue insulation scar tissue dendrites

insulation

Which are names for the cell body of a neuron? Multiple select question. Inclusion Neurosoma Ganglion Soma Astrocyte

neurosoma soma

In the CNS, myelin is produced by glial cells called _____.

oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte, or Oligodendrocytes

The refractory period in which it is possible to trigger a new action potential, but only with an unusually strong stimulus is the ______ refractory period. Multiple choice question. relative absolute

relative

List the fundamental physiological properties of neurons. Multiple choice question. Excitability, irritability, highly mitotic Excitability, conductivity, secretion Elasticity, conductivity, contractility Conductivity, contractility, excitability

Excitability, conductivity, secretion

Which factors influence the speed of nerve signal conduction? Multiple select question. Presence of myelin Size of soma Diameter of axon Type of neuron (multipolar vs. unipolar)

Presence of myelin Diameter of axon

List the three functional classes of neurons. Multiple select question. Sensory neurons Multipolar neurons Unipolar neurons Interneurons Motor neurons

Sensory neurons Interneurons Motor neurons

he autonomic nervous system is subdivided into the ______ division which tends to arouse the body for action and the ______ division which tends to have a calming effect. Multiple choice question. motor, sensory central, peripheral visceral, motor sympathetic, parasympathetic

sympathetic, parasympathetic

At its distal end, an axon has an extensive complex of fine branches called a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. axolemma synaptic vesicle terminal arborization dendrites

terminal arborization

The region that plays an important role in initiating a nerve signal and is formed by the axon hillock and the initial segment is the ______. Multiple choice question. axoplasm trigger zone node of Ranvier axolemma

trigger zone

An axon lacking a myelin sheath is said to be ______. Multiple choice question. myelinated unmyelinated

unmyelinated

Which term refers to the passage of proteins, organelles and other materials along an axon? Multiple choice question. Synaptic signaling Active transport Axonal transport Secretion

Axonal transport

The axon hillock and initial segment play an important role in initiating a nerve signal. They are collectively called the _____ zone.

Trigger

Together, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems make up the entirety of which division of the nervous system? Multiple choice question. Visceral motor Somatic motor Motor Somatic sensory

Visceral motor

The processes that branch from the somas of most neurons are called ______. Multiple choice question. nerves axons dendrites

dendrites

Between the nodes of Ranvier are myelin-covered segments of axon encircled by Schwann cells. Which term refers to these segments? Multiple choice question. Axon collaterals Internodes Synapses Synaptic knobs

Internodes

The sensory and motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system are further split into which two subdivisions? Multiple choice question. Autonomic and voluntary Somatic and visceral Spinal cord and brain Proximal and distal

Somatic and visceral

True or false: Action potentials occur only where there are voltage-gated ion channels. True false question.TrueFalse Need he

True

True or false: Unmyelinated nerve fibers (axons) in the PNS are enveloped in Schwann cells. True false question. True False

True

Which are properties of action potentials? Multiple select question. All or none Self-propagating Graded (amplitude proportional to stimulus strength) Nondecremental (signal maintains amplitude)

All or none Self-propagating Nondecremental (signal maintains amplitude)

Sensory (afferent) neurons do which of the following? Multiple choice question. Carry signals to muscles Receive incoming signals and initiate outgoing nerve signals Carry signals to glands Carry signals to spinal cord and brain

Carry signals to spinal cord and brain