Ch 17: Mental Health Promotion for Young and Middle-Aged Adults

a) 30 years Pg. 261 Most physical and mental systems have completed development by the time an individual reaches young adulthood. In general, the optimal health state of young adults begins to show changes around the age of 30 years. The perception of these physical changes often makes individuals aware of their aging process and may result in threats to bodily integrity and self-esteem.

1. During a program on aging, mental health and biologic risk factors, one of the participants asks the nurse, "I know that everyone ages at a different rate, but at about which age does the body begin to show changes in functioning that can affect a person's physical and mental health?" Which age would the nurse give in response? a) 30 years b) 25 years c) 35 years d) 40 years

c) Integumentary Pg. 261 The most obvious change in physical appearance starts with the skin. Although the young adult's skin is smooth and taut, by late young adulthood, the skin begins to lose moisture and tone, and wrinkles develop.

10. The most obvious change in physical appearance in adults starts in which body system? a) Sensory b) Muscular c) Integumentary d) Skeletal

d) They influence the likelihood that symptoms will appear Pg. 261 Risk factors do not cause the disorder or problem and are not symptoms of the illness but are factors that influence the likelihood that symptoms will appear.

11. Which of the following is accurate regarding risk factors? a) They cause a problem b) They are symptoms of an illness c) They cause a specific disorder d) They influence the likelihood that symptoms will appear

b) Loneliness c) Depression e) Anxiety Pg. 260 Caregivers report higher levels of loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and other mental health problems than noncaregiving peers. Caregivers are under considerable stress and often neglect their physical and mental health needs.

12. When compared with noncaregiving peers, caregivers report higher levels of what experiences? Select all that apply. a) Relaxation b) Loneliness c) Depression d) Energy e) Anxiety

c) Anxiety Pg. 261 Concerns about changing physical appearance may also be tied to reactions to changes in sexual functioning. In middle-aged men, testosterone production decreases, resulting in a lower sex drive, more time needed to achieve erection, and production of fewer sperm cells. Men whose sense of self was dependent on the level of sexual functioning typical of young adulthood may experience anxiety over such changes. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar I disorder or substance abuse disorder are not associated with the changes in sexual functioning.

13. A middle-aged man comes to the clinic for an evaluation. During the visit, the client says, "When I was younger, I was quite a lady's man. But now, it's a different story. My body doesn't work like it used to." Further discussion reveals that the patient is experiencing a lower sex drive and requires more time to achieve an erection. Based on these findings, the nurse would be alert for signs and symptoms related to which condition? a) Substance abuse disorder b) Bipolar I disorder c) Anxiety d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

a) Disability Pg. 263 As part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a national survey that monitors behaviors that place individuals at risk for health problems, mental, physical and social well-being were reported in three states. Most adults were satisfied with their work, neighborhood and education, but well-being differed by demographic characteristics such as marital status, health, chronic conditions, and disability). People with disabilities, current smokers, and those who were unemployed or unable to work had low mental well-being.

16. A nurse is reviewing the results of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Which factor would the nurse most likely expect to find as contributing to low well-being? a) Disability b) Education c) Employment d) Neighborhood

a) Families c) Communities e) Society Pg. 264 Protective factors are characteristics that reduce the probability that a person will develop a mental health disorder or problem or decrease the severity of existing problems. Common protective factors exist in multiple contexts—families, communities, and society. All of these contexts should be considered when promoting mental health. National groups and international agencies are not typically included.

14. A nurse is working as part of an interdisciplinary team to develop programs to promote the mental health of young and middle-aged adults. When developing these programs, which context would be most important for the team to include? Select all that apply. a) Families b) International agencies c) Communities d) National groups e) Society

d) Past behavior Pg. 263 Because past behavior is a predictor of future behavior, it would appear that coping styles used in the past would be repeated in the present time.

15. Which of the following is the best predictor of future behavior? a) Financial influences b) Educational level c) Social support d) Past behavior

a) Inadequate dietary intake b) Lack of exercise d) Stigma associated with mental health problems Pg. 263 People with mental disorders in young adult and middle age appear to lack basic health promotion behaviors. This lack results in high rates of physical illness and premature mortality compared with the general population. This includes low levels of awareness about physical and mental health issues, smoking, poor quality diets, lack of exercise, lack of leisure activities and contact with friends, negative attitudes toward help seeking, and stigma associated with mental health problems.

17. A nurse is developing a program to address the lack of health promotion behaviors noted in young and middle-aged adults with mental disorders. When developing this program, which area would the nurse need to address? Select all that apply. a) Inadequate dietary intake b) Lack of exercise c) Positive attitudes toward seeking help d) Stigma associated with mental health problems e) Widespread engagement in leisure activities

b) Expanded chronological lifespan Pg. Western families have achieved unprecedented economic stability that provides for long periods of development. Technological advances have resulted in the lengthening of the lifespan chronologically in the developed world. This extended adulthood provides for an increased range of life choices. In many nondeveloped areas, the lifespan is characterized by a brief childhood followed by a mature adulthood that evolves quickly into old age.

18. Which characteristic would best describe the young and middle-aged adult population of the present time? a) Quick evolution to old age b) Expanded chronological lifespan c) Narrowed range of life choices d) Shortened periods of development

b) "There is really no single factor that puts a person at risk" Pg. There is no one risk factor associated with suicide, but a variety of factors include age, family stress, illness, and social circumstances.

19. A psychiatric-mental health nurse is conducting a presentation for a local adult community group on suicide and suicide prevention. One of the participants asks, "What puts a person at risk for suicide?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? a) "Suicide is most often associated with high family stress" b) "There is really no single factor that puts a person at risk" c) "Typically advancing age plays a major role in who commits suicide" d) "Most suicides are attributed to poor socialization"

c) Networking for supportive relationships Pg. 264 A person's mental health can be challenged by a variety of factors; biologic changes or illnesses, psychological pressures, and interpersonal tensions are only a few. Developing coping strategies to eliminate or reduce the impact of these potentially destructive factors is a part of normal growth and development. In addition, sustaining positive health behaviors such as relaxation, proper nutrition, adequate sleep, regular exercise, and forming a network of trusting relationships can support one's mental health. Mental health promotion focuses on increasing the individual's physical, mental, emotional, and social competencies to increase well-being and actualize potential. Cognitive changes, measures to address loss of independence, and the need to manage multiple medications typically are not part of young and middle-aged adulthood. These would be more common with the older adult.

2. A nurse is developing programs to promote mental health in the young and middle-aged adult populations in the community. An educational program focusing on which topic would be most appropriate? a) Management of multiple medications b) Measures to address loss of independence c) Networking for supportive relationships d) Coping strategies to address cognitive decline

a) Living with both parents Pg. 259 According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau of 2015, most of the children (69%) lived with two parents, and approximately 23% lived with only their mother, 4% lived with only their father, and another 4% lived in households with neither parent present.

20. A nurse is reviewing the statistics about children and families and current family structure. Applying the data about children living in the U.S. and under the age of 18 years, which living situation would the nurse identify as most common? a) Living with both parents b) Living with a mother c) Living in household without either parent d) Living with a father

a) Unemployment b) Job stress c) Marital status e) Gender Pg. 262 Psychosocial risk factors for mental disorder include age, marital status, unemployment and job stresses, gender, prior mental disorder, coping, lack of health promotion behaviors, parenting stress, and factors associated with suicide.

21. A nurse is obtaining a patient's history. Which factor would the nurse identify as a psychosocial factor increasing the patient's risk for mental disorders? Select all that apply. a) Unemployment b) Job stress c) Marital status d) Physical deformity e) Gender

c) The client is a current smoker Pg. 263 Mental, physical, and social well-being are indicators of positive functioning. As part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a national survey that monitors behaviors that place individuals at risk for health problems, mental, physical, and social well-being were reported in three states. Most adults were satisfied with their work, neighborhood, and education but well-being varied by marital status, health, chronic conditions, and disability. People with disabilities, current smokers, and those who were unemployed or unable to work had low mental well-being. Training for a marathon, a recent job promotion, and a family history of diabetes mellitus are not findings in the client's history that increase the risk for low mental well-being.

22. The nurse plans care for a young adult client who seeks assistance for the promotion of mental health. Which finding in the client's history indicates an increased risk for low mental well-being? a) The client is training for a marathon b) The client has a family history of diabetes mellitus c) The client is a current smoker d) The client recently got a job promotion

c) "I need to address these factors to reduce my chances of getting the disorder" Pg. 261 Mental health promotion and illness prevention are driven by cultivating an awareness of personal risk factors for mental illness and modifying those that can be changed. Specific risk factors, or characteristics that increase the likelihood of developing a disorder, can contribute to poor mental health and influence the development of a mental disorder. Risk factors do not cause the disorder or problem and are not symptoms of the illness but are factors that influence the likelihood that the symptoms will appear. The existence of a risk factor does not always mean the person will get the disorder or disease; it just increases the chances.

23. Assessment of a young adult client reveals the presence of several risk factors for a mental illness. The nurse explains what the risk factors are and what the client needs to do. The nurse determines that the client has understood the information based on which statement? a) "Getting rid of these risk factors means that I'll be eliminating the symptoms" b) "If I eliminate these factors, I won't develop the disorder" c) "I need to address these factors to reduce my chances of getting the disorder" d) "These risk factors have little effect on my mental health"

d) Young adults Pg. 262 Most mental disorders occur among young adults. These disorders appear to be less common with increasing age.

24. Nursing students are learning about psychosocial risk factors and correctly identify which of the following age groups as experiencing most mental disorders? a) Young children b) Middle adults c) Older adults d) Young adults

d) "Most often, it's the woman in the household that is the caregiver" Pg. 260 Informal caregivers, unpaid individuals who provide care, are the largest source of long-term care services in the United States. Although men are increasingly becoming more involved in caregiving, women comprise the majority and perform the more difficult tasks of caregiving. The average female caregiver is age 69.4 years, married and may be working outside the home.

25. A nurse is conducting a presentation at a local community health center about caregiving in the home. One of the participants asks the nurse, "Who is the typical caregiver?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? a) "It's usually an older child who assumes the care responsibilities" b) "Many times, it's the child living in the home at the time" c) "It can vary based on the situation, but a middle-aged male is most common" d) "Most often, it's the woman in the household that is the caregiver"

a) Maintaining regular health screenings c) Adhering to a nutritious diet d) Using positive stress management strategies e) Participating in a social support network Pg. 264 Although changes in body function are inevitable, their magnitude can be tempered by health promotion activities such as attention to regular exercise, good nutrition, adequate sleep, health screening, relaxation, leisure, and other forms of stress management. Learning positive coping strategies for the stresses inherent to personal, marital, family, and occupational life can be enhanced by a social support network consisting of people who are currently undergoing such stresses as well as older people who have the perspective and experience in handling these domains of life.

26. A nurse is working with a group of middle-aged clients to address the changes in body function occurring with aging. Which activity would be appropriate for the nurse to suggest? Select all that apply. a) Maintaining regular health screenings b) Engaging in infrequent exercise c) Adhering to a nutritious diet d) Using positive stress management strategies e) Participating in a social support network

a) Increased blood pressure b) Increased cholesterol levels c) Reduced respiratory efficiency e) Reduced cardiac output Pg. 261 Maximum cardiac output is reached between 20 and 30 years of age. Thereafter, blood pressure and cholesterol levels gradually increase. After the age of 30 years, maximum breathing capacity slowly decreases and may be reduced up to 75% compared with during young adulthood. Alterations in cardiac and respiratory efficiency may result in limited energy for daily tasks and preference for lower activity levels, which makes exercise less of an enjoyable activity.

27. A nurse is assessing a 38-year-old client's cardiopulmonary status. Which change would the nurse identify as a possible risk factor for future problems? Select all that apply. a) Increased blood pressure b) Increased cholesterol levels c) Reduced respiratory efficiency d) Increased maximum breathing capacity e) Reduced cardiac output

a) Most individuals with mental disorders do not come to the attention of mental health professionals Pg. 260 The vast majority of people with mental disorders do not come to the attention of the mental health system. In addition, the great majority of people experience their first diagnostic symptoms of mental illness during late adolescence or early adulthood. By far, the highest rates of mental disorder occur among young adults. Late-life onset of mental disorder (older than age 40 years) is relatively rare, with the exception of cognitive impairment, which typically occurs past the age of 70 years. Recent research suggests that 46% will experience a mental disorder in their lifetime and that within a year, almost a quarter (22.5%) of adults in the United States have one or more mental disorders.

28. A nurse is preparing a presentation for a community group about mental health and mental illness in young and middle-aged adults. Which information would be most important for the nurse to include? a) Most individuals with mental disorders do not come to the attention of mental health professionals b) More than 75% of individuals will experience a mental disorder in their lifetime c) The highest rates of mental illness occur with adults who are middle-aged d) The onset of mental illness that occurs later in life is a relatively common experience

c) "Men are more prone to anxiety and depression" Pg. 262 Women are more prone to anxiety and depression than men. Most mental disorders occur among young adults. The first symptoms may occur in childhood but are not always evident until late adolescence and early middle adulthood. As adults get older, they may experience decreasing stress because of learning to cope more efficiently.

29. A nursing instructor is lecturing about psychosocial risk factors. The instructor identifies a need for further teaching when a student makes which of the following statements? a) "Most mental disorders occur in young adults" b) "As adults get older, they may experience decreasing stress" c) "Men are more prone to anxiety and depression" d) "The first symptom of a mental disorder may occur in childhood"

b) Married 35-year-old man Pg. 262 Married people experience higher rates of both physical and mental health than do those who are single, separated, or divorced.

3. A nurse is reviewing the medical records of several clients at the health center. Which client would the nurse identify as most likely to have the best physical and mental health? a) Separated 30-year-old woman b) Married 35-year-old man c) Single 26-year-old man d) Divorced 22-year-old woman

b) Firearms Pg. Firearms and hanging/suffocation are the most common suicide mechanisms for middle-aged men. Poisoning and firearms are the most common mechanisms for middle-aged women.

30. A nurse is working on developing a program for suicide prevention for middle-aged adults. Which mechanism would the nurse address because it is most common for both men and women in this age group? a) Suffocation b) Firearms c) Poisoning d) Hanging

c) Married Pg. 259 According to the U.S. Census Bureau, married individuals account for 50.4% of the adult population. Those never married account for 31.4% of the population. This is followed by adults who are divorced (10.2%), widowed (5.7%), and separated (2.2%).

31. A nurse is preparing a presentation about the effects of marital status on mental health. Which describing the marital status of the population of the United States, which group would the nurse identify as accounting for the largest percentage? a) Widowed b) Divorced c) Married d) Separated

a) They can contribute to poor mental health Pg. 261 Specific risk factors, or characteristics that increase the likelihood of developing a disorder, can contribute to poor mental health and influence the development of a mental disorder. Risk factors do not cause the disorder or problem and are not symptoms of the illness, but they are factors that influence the likelihood that the symptoms will appear. The existence of a risk factor does not always mean the person will get the disorder or disease; it just increases the chances.

4. Which is accurate regarding risk factors for mental illness in adults? a) They can contribute to poor mental health b) They are the cause of the mental health problem c) They are symptoms of the illness d) They mean that the person will get the disorder

b) Distraction d) Relaxation Pg. 262 Although the quality of coping is important in the reduction of stress, little is known about the continuity and changes in coping styles over the lifespan. Because past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior, it would appear that coping styles used in the past would be repeated in the present time. The quality of such coping would determine how well stress is handled in the present and sets the stage for continued positive outcomes or more problems in the future. Therefore, strategies that are effective, such as relaxation and distraction should be encouraged whereas those that are ineffective, such as music therapy, biofeedback, and confrontation would be minimized.

32. Assessment reveals that a client has faced numerous challenges and stresses over the past ten years and has implemented coping strategies to deal with these stresses. The client reports that relaxation and distraction have worked well, but music therapy, biofeedback, and confrontation were less effective. When assisting the client with implementing coping strategies for stresses that may arise presently and in the future, which strategy would the nurse most likely encourage? Select all that apply. a) Music therapy b) Distraction c) Biofeedback d) Relaxation e) Confrontation

b) Protective factors Pg. 264 Protective factors are characteristics that reduce the probability that a person will develop a mental disorder or that decrease the severity of existing problems.

33. A nursing instructor is teaching students about factors associated with mental disorders. Which of the following does the instructor tell the class are characteristics that reduce the probability of developing a mental disorder? a) Internal risk factors b) Protective factors c) Unproductive factors d) External risk factors

d) "I'll have to get used to not being a woman anymore" Pg. 262 The statement about not being a woman anymore reflects the client's belief of womanhood being tied to her ability to have children. This is a cause for concern because it provides insight into the client's self-concept and self-esteem, which may be in jeopardy. The statement about not dealing with a monthly period, not worrying about becoming pregnant, and dealing with hot flashes reflect positive statements about the condition.

34. A 52-year-old woman comes to the clinic reporting hot flashes. Further assessment reveals night sweats and nausea. The nurse suspects that the client may be experiencing menopause. When addressing this topic with the client, which statement would be of concern to the nurse? a) "No more worries about getting pregnant" b) "Thank goodness, I don't have to deal with my monthly period anymore" c) "The hot flashes are tough, but they pass pretty quickly" d) "I'll have to get used to not being a woman anymore"

c) "Mental illness in children usually does not manifest itself later in life" Pg. 262 Women are more prone to anxiety and depression, while men tend to show problems with impulse control. Research has shown that mental illness arising in childhood and adolescence predicts further disorders in later years. Reported emotional abuse is associated with lower personal control, which in turn leads to lower health ratings.

35. A nursing instructor is teaching a class on psychosocial risk factors and identifies a need for further instruction when overhearing a student state: a) "Emotional abuse is associated with lower personal control" b) "Men are more prone than women to problems with impulse control" c) "Mental illness in children usually does not manifest itself later in life" d) "Women are more prone than men to anxiety and depression"

a) Married middle-aged couple with two children in college Pg. 263 The married couple with two children in college would have more options for socializing than the other couples described. By middle age, couples may anticipate the emancipation of their children and may entertain more options for socializing with other people. Young adults often find that the addition of children to the family, particularly the birth of the second child, tends to insulate the nuclear family from larger social networks. The responsibilities and time constraints involved in rearing small children may limit the couple's worldview to the home, and definitions of self may be constricted to the activities of the nuclear family. However, as children grow and create their own lives, the social connectedness of the parents tends to expand.

36. A nurse is assessing several families for parenting stress and their degree of socialization with others. Which family members would the nurse most likely identify as experiencing the greatest options for socialization? a) Married middle-aged couple with two children in college b) Married young adult couple with a toddler c) Married young adult couple with an infant and preschooler d) Married early middle-aged couple with an adolescent and school-aged child

a) Stigma Pg. 265 Although mental disorders are common within the community and the rate of treatment has risen over the past 20 years, more than half of people do not receive mental health treatment of any kind. Fewer than half of individuals receive treatment for their mental health issues, and stigma remains toward those experiencing problems. Although cost, lack of time, and medication side effects may contribute to not seeking care for mental health issues, it is stigma that continues to be major factor.

37. Which is the major factor as to why young and middle-aged adults do not seek care for mental health issues? a) Stigma b) Cost c) Medication side effects d) Lack of time

a) Anxiety e) Depression Pg. 262 Women come to the attention of the mental health system because of their greater awareness of health issues and willingness to seek interventions. However, women also differ in the types of mental disorders that they show. Whereas women are more prone to anxiety and depression, men tend to show problems with impulse control that result in disorders such as alcohol and drug abuse.

38. A psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse specialist is conducting an in-service program for a group of psychiatric-mental health nurses working at a community mental health center. The clinical nurse specialist is describing mental disorders common in men and women. Which disorder would the nurse most likely identify as being more common in women than men? Select all that apply. a) Anxiety b) Alcohol abuse c) Drug abuse d) Impulse control disorders e) Depression

a) 22-year-old married female b) 35-year-old divorced male Pg. 259 The generally accepted age range for young adulthood is from 18 to 44 years. Middle-age adulthood spans the period from approximately 45 to 65 years.

39. A nurse is assessing several adult clients. Which client would the nurse classify as experiencing young adulthood? Select all that apply. a) 22-year-old married female b) 35-year-old divorced male c) 52-year-old male living with his girlfriend d) 46-year-old separated female e) 62-year-old widowed female

d) "Psychological changes in adulthood occur rapidly with age" Pg. 258 Psychological changes in adulthood occur slowly and subtly with age and experience, not in a fixed stepwise manner. Concepts of young and middle-aged adults are relatively new in American culture.

40. A nursing instructor is teaching about mental health promotion for young and middle-aged adults. Which of the following statements by a student indicates a need for further instruction? a) "The concepts of young and middle-aged adulthood are relatively new in American culture" b) "Psychological changes do not occur in a fixed, stepwise manner" c) "Psychological changes in adulthood occur slowly and subtly with age" d) "Psychological changes in adulthood occur rapidly with age"

d) Higher rates of physical illness Pg. 262 People with mental disorders in young adulthood and middle age appear to lack basic health promotion behaviors. This results in high rates of physical illness and premature mortality compared with the general population. This includes low levels of awareness about physical and mental health issues, smoking, poor quality diets, lack of exercise, lack of leisure activities and contact with friends, negative attitudes toward help seeking, and stigma associated with mental health problems.

41. A nurse is reading a journal article about young and middle-aged adults with mental disorders. The article describes the lack of basic health promotion behaviors in this population. The nurse interprets this information as being reflecting in which outcome? a) Reduced stigma of mental illness b) Reduced mortality rates c) Increased smoking rates d) Higher rates of physical illness

d) Roles defined by an individual's age are becoming less common Pg. 259 Traditional notions of young adulthood as a time of leaving the parental home and establishing an independent career and family life, of college education taking place during late adolescence, or of the middle-aged parents facing the "empty nest"—a home devoid of children and caregiving responsibilities—are being replaced with fewer age-defined life roles. Chronological age is also losing its customary social meaning, resulting in a more fluid life cycle. The timing of life events such as education, marriage, childrearing, career development, and retirement is becoming less regular, and more alternatives are tolerated by society.

42. A nurse is working as part of a team in developing appropriate programs for young adults to promote mental health. Which information would be most important for the team to consider when developing appropriate programs? a) Chronological age is used to provide a distinct cut-off point b) Alternative life choices are less tolerated by society in general c) Key life events are occurring at regular intervals d) Roles defined by an individual's age are becoming less common

a) Decreased respiratory efficiency b) Decreased cardiac efficiency d) Decreased basal metabolic rate Pg. 261 There are many physiologic changes that result from the normal aging process. A decreased basal metabolic rate in addition to decreased cardiac and respiratory efficiency contribute to weight gain, which can negatively affect the client's self-concept. A decreased metabolic rate often contributes to weight gain, which is exacerbated by decreases in cardiac and respiratory efficiency, which make physical activity challenging. Although decreased skin elasticity is the cause of wrinkles, which can also negatively affect the client's self-esteem, this is not related to the client's weight gain. Decreased sensory function also occurs because of the aging process, but this change is not associated with weight gain.

43. A client states, "I don't feel as attractive anymore since I have gained weight." Which physiologic change associated with the aging process should the nurse include in the plan of care to address this client's weight gain and ultimately impaired self-concept due to weight gain? Select all that apply. a) Decreased respiratory efficiency b) Decreased cardiac efficiency c) Decreased sensory function d) Decreased basal metabolic rate e) Decreased skin elasticity

d) Young adults Pg. 260 By far, the highest rates of mental disorder occur among young adults. Later-life onset of mental disorder (after age 40 years) is relatively rare, with the exception of cognitive impairment, which typically occurs past the age of 70 years.

44. The highest rates of mental disorder occur in which age group? a) Older adults b) Adolescents c) Middle-aged adults d) Young adults

c) Fewer than 50% Pg. 260 The vast majority of people with mental disorders do not come to the attention of the mental health system. In fact, fewer than half of those with mental disorders receive any kind of treatment from mental health professionals.

5. What percentage of people who are affected with a mental disorder receive any kind of treatment from mental health professionals? a) 60% b) 50% c) Fewer than 50% d) 70%

a) Informal caregivers Pg. 260 Informal caregivers, unpaid individuals who provide care, are the largest source of long-term care services in the United States.

6. What is the largest source of long-term care services in the United States? a) Informal caregivers b) Nurses c) Nursing assistants d) Home health aides

b) Sandwich generation Pg. 259 Middle-aged parents caring for their own parents and up to two generations of children younger than them comprise what is called a "sandwich family."

7. A mother tells a nurse that she is very stressed at home. She informs the nurse that she has not only her elderly parents to look after but also her son, who recently graduated from college, is married with a baby, and has moved with his family into her home. What term best describes this scenario? a) Empty nest b) Sandwich generation c) Dysfunctional family d) Blended family

d) Anxiety Pg. 262 Diminishing estrogen levels for middle-aged females result in the cessation of menses and capacity for pregnancy. The beginning of menopause may bring unpleasant symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, fatigue, and nausea. However, most individuals experience menopause as a relief from menses, fluctuating hormone levels, and the possibility of pregnancy. A client whose view of self is based on sexual characteristics may also be prone to anxiety because of these changes. Addiction, bipolar disorder, and personality disorder are not psychosocial issues the nurse includes in the plan of care based on the client's statement.

8. The nurse plans care for a client who is informed that she is experiencing menopause. The client's states, "I feel like less of a woman because I can no longer have babies." Which psychosocial issue does the nurse include in the plan of care based on this client's statement? a) Personality disorder b) Bipolar disorder c) Addiction d) Anxiety

b) Women are more willing to seek out help for mental health problems Pg. Women come to the attention of the mental health system because of their greater awareness of health issues and willingness to seek interventions. However, women also differ in the types of mental disorders that they show. Whereas women are more prone to anxiety and depression, men tend to show problems with impulse control that result in disorders such as alcohol and drug abuse.

9. A nurse is conducting a community education program at a local clinic about gender differences and mental health. Which information would the nurse most likely include? a) Men typically face issues related to depression b) Women are more willing to seek out help for mental health problems c) Women are more likely to experience issues related to anger d) Men have a greater awareness of any type of health issue