Ch 18: The Heart Test Bank

2) Which of the events below does NOT occur when the semilunar valves are open? A) Ventricles are in diastole. B) Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta. C) Ventricles are in systole. D) AV valves are closed.

A) Ventricles are in diastole.

7) The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________. A) cardiac tamponade B) myocardial infarction C) pericarditis D) angina pectoris

A) cardiac tamponade

16) Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________. A) causing threshold to be reached more quickly B) blocking the action of calcium C) causing a decrease in stroke volume D) decreasing heart contractility

A) causing threshold to be reached more quickly

18) The foramen ovale ________. A) connected the two atria in the fetal heart B) is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close C) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus D) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum

A) connected the two atria in the fetal heart

10) The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________. A) coronary arteries B) coronary veins C) coronary sinus D) fossa ovalis

A) coronary arteries

14) If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________. A) decreased delivery of oxygen B) an inadequate supply of lactic acid C) a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways D) a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production

A) decreased delivery of oxygen

6) Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________. A) left atrium B) right atrium C) right ventricle D) left ventricle

A) left atrium

39) Exercise results in skeletal muscles compressing veins which encourages blood to return to the heart. In this scenario, which of the following is correct? A) preload increases B) venous return decreases C) stroke volume decreases D) end diastolic volume (EDV) decreases

A) preload increases

19) Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood from the right ventricle? A) pulmonary trunk B) aorta C) pulmonary veins D) venae cavae

A) pulmonary trunk

36) Which of the following transports oxygen-rich blood? A) pulmonary vein B) pulmonary artery C) pulmonary trunk D) superior vena cava

A) pulmonary vein

11) The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________. A) pumps blood against a greater resistance B) expands the thoracic cage C) sends blood through a smaller valve D) pumps a greater volume of blood

A) pumps blood against a greater resistance

32) Isovolumetric contraction ________. A) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers B) occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close C) occurs while the atrioventricular (AV) valves are open D) occurs only in people with heart valve defects

A) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

9) To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________. A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum C) fifth right intercostal space D) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple

A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

17) If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________. A) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute B) parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate C) the atrioventricular (AV) node would become the pacemaker of the heart D) the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract

A) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

37) What is the expected heart rate when a heart is removed from a living body? A) 75 beats / minute B) 100 beats / minute C) 50 beats / minute D) the heart would immediately stop beating

B) 100 beats / minute

33) Given an end diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 ml / beat and an end systolic volume (ESV) of 50 ml / beat, the stroke volume (SV) would be ________. A) 170 ml / beat B) 70 ml / beat C) 120 ml / beat D) 50 ml / beat

B) 70 ml / beat

23) Select the correct statement about the heart valves. A) The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. B) The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. C) Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart. D) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.

B) The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.

25) Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. A) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential. B) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts. C) The fibrous cardiac skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. D) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.

B) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

3) Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________. A) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate B) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output C) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration D) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

B) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

5) The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________. A) ventricular repolarization B) atrial depolarization C) atrial repolarization D) ventricular depolarization

B) atrial depolarization

4) Damage to the ________ causes heart block. A) sinoatrial (SA) node B) atrioventricular (AV) node C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle D) atrioventricular (AV) valves

B) atrioventricular (AV) node

27) During the period of ventricular filling ________. A) the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves are open B) blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles C) the atria remain in diastole D) pressure in the heart is at its peak

B) blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles

1) Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? A) friction of blood against the chamber walls B) closure of the heart valves C) opening of the heart valves D) excitation of the sinoatrial (SA) node

B) closure of the heart valves

28) The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A) ventricular filling B) isovolumetric relaxation C) isovolumetric contraction D) ventricular ejection

B) isovolumetric relaxation

31) During contraction of heart muscle cells ________. A) all of the calcium required for contraction comes from storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum B) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores C) calcium is prevented from entering cardiac fibers that have been stimulated D) the action potential is prevented from spreading from cell to cell by gap junctions

B) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores

15) If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, ________. A) contractions would last as long as the refractory period B) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action C) pacemaker cells would cease to spontaneously depolarize D) it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation

B) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action

13) Which of the following is NOT an age-related change affecting the heart? A) decline in cardiac reserve B) thinning of the valve flaps C) atherosclerosis D) fibrosis of cardiac muscle

B) thinning of the valve flaps

29) If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________. A) tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle B) threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase C) potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate would occur D) heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present

B) threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

30) Select the correct statement about cardiac output. A) If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased. B) Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume. C) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. D) Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases.

C) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.

24) Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells. A) The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle. B) Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate. C) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all. D) The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.

C) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.

8) The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________. A) pericarditis B) myocardial infarct C) angina pectoris D) ischemia

C) angina pectoris

22) When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________. A) tracing out where the auricles connect B) locating the base C) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls D) finding the papillary muscles

C) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

34) When does the period of atrial repolarization occur? A) during the T wave B) ventricular contraction C) ventricular depolarization D) during the P wave

C) ventricular depolarization

21) The atrioventricular (AV) valves are closed ________. A) when the ventricles are in diastole B) while the atria are contracting C) when the ventricles are in systole D) by the movement of blood from atria to ventricles

C) when the ventricles are in systole

20) Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) sinoatrial (SA) node B) atrioventricular (AV) node C) bundle branches D) atrioventricular (AV) valve

D) atrioventricular (AV) valve

26) Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________. A) has more nuclei per cell B) lacks striations C) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells D) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

D) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

12) Which of the following factors does NOT influence heart rate? A) gender B) body temperature C) age D) skin color

D) skin color

38) While auscultating heart sounds during a checkup, Andy's doctor hears a high-pitched sound during ventricular contraction. Which type of valve could cause this? A) incompetent tricuspid valve B) deficient pulmonary semilunar valve C) insufficient mitral (bicuspid) valve D) stenotic aortic semilunar valve

D) stenotic aortic semilunar valve

35) During exercise, which of the following would occur on an electrocardiogram (ECG) compared to an individual at rest? A) the T wave would decrease B) the P-R interval would decrease C) the S-T segment would decrease D) the time from one R to the R of the next heartbeat would decrease

D) the time from one R to the R of the next heartbeat would decrease