Ch. 19 & 20 test

as a platelet plug forms at an injury site platelets become activated and their cytoplasm

degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2

Contraction of the right ventricle pushes blood against the bicuspid valve forcing it closed, and also against the pulmonary semilunar valve, forcing it open

false

When the heart beats, the right side of the heart contracts before the left side of the heart

false

rupture of a blood cell is called hematopoiesis

false

a person with B blood

has anti-A antibodies

pulmonary veins

left atrium

Aorta

left ventricle

The right side of the heart pumps blood through vessels to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through the ________ circulation

pulmonary

what type of material is transported by the blood

blood gases, nutrients, lactic acid, and hormones

blood enters the heart from the pulmonary circulation which returns blood from all the tissues of the body

False

cardiomyocytes contain few mitochondria, obtaining their ATP from T tubules

False

the conditions characterized by the over production of erythrocytes is called

erythrocytosis

During platelet plug formation,

platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels.

the total blood volume in the average adult is about ________ in males and _______ in females.

5-6L; 4-5L

in the platelet release reaction,

ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated

when the atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, the ____ valves open

AV

Taking antihypertensive, vasodilating drugs can be expected to ____________ afterload

Decrease

Globulin

Transport and immunity

Blood flowing through the aorta is taken to all parts of the body except to parts of the lungs supplied by the pulmonary blood vessels

True

Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence

activation of factor XII formation of prothrombinase prothrombin --> fibrin fibrinogen --> fibrin

The most abundant plasma protein is

albumin

in hemolytic disease of the new born,

antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus

The pressure a heart must exert to open the ___________ is called _______________. This is generally a value of about _____ mmHg. Afterload is therefore determined by diastolic ______________

aortic valve; afterload; 80; blood pressure

When ventricular pressure is lower than _______ pressure, arterial blood holds the SL valves closed

arterial

monocytes

become macrophages

what materials are transported by the blood

blood gases, nutrients, lactic acid, and hormones

the combination of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide is

carbaminohemoglobin

When the ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure, the blood in the ventricle pushes the AV valves ________

closed

During exercise, blood is diverted to the skeletal muscles in support of providing energy and oxygen for movement. Skeletal muscle contraction during exercise ___________________, pushing blood more rapidly to the heart. This will ________ preload and cardiac output

compresses veins; increase

what may be affected if the enzyme carbonic anhydrase was not made in the body

conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion

The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is called

diapedesis

which of the following formed elements do not have chromosomes?

erythrocytes and reticulocytes

The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is

fibrinogen

The ________ is a low-pitched sound caused by vibration of the atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid as the valves close at the beginning of ventricular systole

first heart sound

Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

increased erythropoietin

erthropoietin

is a product of the kidney.

plasma

is the liquid matrix of the blood

Plasma proteins

maintain blood osmotic pressure; involved in clotting

billirubin

may build up in circulation and cause jaundice

During __________ the AV valves open, and blood flows from the atria into the ventricles.

passive ventricular filling

knowing the location of the heart is important for

positioning a stethoscope to hear heart sounds, placing electrodes to record an electrocardiogram, and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation

If the right ventricle begins to pump an increased amount of blood, this soon arrives at the left ventricle, stretches it more than before, and causes it to increase its stroke volume and match that of the right. This is an example of

preload

The extent to which ventricular walls is stretched at the end of diastole is called _________. Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiomyocytes are not stretched to the point at which they contract with maximal force

preload

Red blood cells will develop from

proerythroblasts

leukocytes

protect against diease

functions of plasma proteins include

regulation of osmotic pressure

If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be compromised?

regulation of pH

inferior and superior vena cava

right atrium

pulmonary trunk

right ventricle

The _________ is a higher-pitched sound resulting from closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves, at the beginning of ventricular diastole

second heart sound

We describe the heart as having left and right sides. Anatomically the heart is titled , and the left side of the heart is located more __________, relative to the right side of the heart

superiorly

The left side of the heart pumps bood through the __________ circulation, which delivers oxygen and nutrients to all remained tissues in the body

systemic

An increase in hemoglobin increases

the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues.

The __________ is occasionally heard in some normal people, particularly those who are thin and young and is caused by blood flowing in turbulent fashion into ventricles

third heart sound

When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform a:

white blood cell differential count

erthrocytes

transport oxygen

each hemoglobin molecule

transports four oxygen molecules

Electrical signals are conveyed between cardiomyocytes through gap junctions

true

cardiomyocytes are organized in spiral bundles of sheets

true

during depolarization, calcium enters the intracellular fluid from both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the extracellular fluid

true

intercalated disks serve to increase surface area between cardiomyocytes

true

the loose association between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the T tubules is partly responsible for the slow onset of contraction and the prolonged contraction phase in cardiac muscle

true

This give the heart ability to respond to changes in _______ return by adjusting cardiac output in terms of ____________ and contractile force

venous; stroke volume

In the SL valves, when the pressure in the ________ is greater than the pressure in the arteries, the SL valves are forced open

ventricles

the epicardium is also known as the

visceral pericardium