Chapter 10 Anthropology Homework

When comparing family relationships in the United States and Brazil, we notice which of the following?

Brazilians do not regard their spouse as a member of their family, whereas Americans do. Because middle-class Americans normally lack a readily available extended family support system, marriage assumes more importance. A Brazilian's family includes his/her parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and children

Which of the following are true in the Muslim zadruga family system of Bosnia?

Possessions were shared by the entire family, even a bride's wedding garments. The household included the senior couple's unmarried sons and daughters. Several married couples lived in the house of the husbands' father.

Which of the following is an example demonstrating the modern form of bifurcate collateral kinship terminology?

Sachiko has a Japanese mother and an Anglo father. She calls her mother's sister "obachan" and her father's sister "aunt."

Which of the following describe an extended family?

Typically the members get together for occasional family gatherings. It includes three or more generations. It includes relatives who might not live in the same house.

A clan believes that all its members are descended from an intelligent coyote or another animal or plant. This is an example of

a totem.

The family of procreation includes which of the following?

an individual's children an individual's spouse

What is the term for the ancestor who stands at the top of a common genealogy?

apical

Which of the following are the main ways of classifying kin on the parental generation?

bifurcate collateral lineal bifurcate merging generational

What is the kinship terminology that splits the mother's side and the father's side but combines same-sex siblings of each parent?

bifurcate merging kinship terminology

If people can name their forebears in each generation from the apical ancestor through the present, they have what kind of descent?

demonstrated

Among nonindustrial food producers (e.g. farmers and herders), a common and widespread unit of social organization is the

descent group.

In North American society, which of the following is often the only well-defined kin group?

family of procreation

The _____ associated with industrialism works to fragment kinship groups larger than the nuclear family.

geographic mobility

Setting up a residence some distance away from parents ("neolocality")

is a common pattern for middle-class couples in the United States. often results from moving to where a desirable job is located. is characteristic of many industrial societies.

In a matrilineal society, the man does which of the following?

is often concerned that his wife might be promiscuous depends on his sisters' children to continue his family lineage cares for his sisters and their children as well as for his own wife and children

The social construction of_____ illustrates considerable diversity and understanding its systems has become an essential part of anthropology because of the importance of those systems to the people we study.

kinship

The basic rule for inclusion in a unilineal descent group is that

lifetime membership is automatically given to each child born to a parent who belongs to that group.

The difference between a clan and a lineage is

lineage membership is demonstrated, whereas clan membership is only claimed (stipulated).

Anyone on the direct line of descent that leads to and from ego, such as an ancestor or descendant, is known as a(n) ______ relative.

lineal

The kinship classification system used in societies such as the United States and Canada, in which the nuclear family is the most important group based on kinship, is known as the

lineal system.

Any branch of a descent group that lives in one place is a _____ descent group.

local

What is the term for your closest female relatives on your mother's side?

matrikin

If married couples live in the wives' mothers' communities, they are practicing what?

matrilocality

A taxonomy developed over generations by the people who live in a particular society is known as which type of taxonomy or typology?

native

A kin term is

often used in a broad sense that encompasses several individuals. a word that describes a relative. less specific than a genealogical kin type.

A married couple resides in the community where the husband's father lives, so that their children can grow up there. This is an example of

patrilocality.

In a patrilineal society, a woman typically does which of the following?

raises her children in her husband's community has reduced responsibility toward her parents and siblings, compared with toward her husband, children, and in-laws leaves home when she marries

Which of the following reflect trends in the United States, Canada, and other industrial nations since 1980?

smaller families smaller living units

Who uses the bifurcate merging kinship system?

societies with unilineal descent rules and unilocal postmarital residence rules

Of the four kin classification systems, bifurcate collateral kinship terminology is the most

specific.

A man belongs to a clan that says all its members are descended from a fabled king who lived ten thousand years ago and was the son of a mermaid. This is an example of ______ descent.

stipulated

What is the term for residential compounds in the Nayar society of southern India?

tarawads

As used in anthropology, ego means

the person whose family is being shown.

North Americans may lack close ties with relatives beyond their nuclear families because

they are geographically mobile, living near their jobs instead of family.

Statistics suggest that the growing isolation from kin in the United States might be

unprecedented in human history.

Who is a collateral relative?

your uncle

Which of the following are traits of a foraging society such as the Shoshoni?

Couples and families can move from one band to another. A married couple joins a band in which at least one of them has relatives. Married couples don't usually reside neolocally.

True or false: Membership in an ambilineal descent group is automatic, based on the father's line of ancestry.

False

Which of the following describe a nuclear family?

It includes parents. Usually its members live together in the same household. It includes children.

Which of the following are true of generational kinship terminology?

It merges the mother's and father's sides, for example using just one term for father, father's brother, and mother's brother. It uses only two terms for the parental generation. It uses the same term for parents and their siblings.

Which of the following are true of the Nayar society of India?

Men spent most of their time on military expeditions or living in a compound operated by their female relatives. People lived in large compounds overseen by women. Children were raised by everyone in the compound.

Anthropologists have discovered that there is a limited number of patterns by which people classify their kin. How many main ways are there of classifying kin on the parental generation?

4

Which is the best rationale for the bifurcate merging kinship system?

Father and father's brother belong to the same descent group and live in the same patrilocal group.

What does "ego" mean in Latin?

I or me

Which of the following statements regarding bifurcate collateral terminology are true?

Many of the societies that use it are offshoots of the same ancestral group. It is not as common as the other kin classification systems. It has separate terms for each of the six kin types of the parental generation.

Which of the following are reasons anthropologists study kinship systems?

The world's cultures display an interesting diversity in their kinship systems. Kinship is important to the people being studied. Many societies are organized mainly by kinship.

Which of the following are true about the Moso of southwestern China and their tisese system?

Their dominant form of sexual and reproductive union is a visiting system. Moso marriages occur mostly in sparsely-populated mountain areas. The Moso are matrilineal and prefer to live in matrilocal extended-family households.

Compared with industrial societies, foraging societies

also emphasize the nuclear family. are also geographically mobile. are less socially complex.

Middle-class Americans usually consider which of the following to be their "family"?

children spouse or partner

Which of the following factors have contributed to the decline in traditional nuclear family households in the United States?

More parents are raising children without a spouse. More people are living alone. More women are working at paid jobs and delaying marriage, or not marrying at all.

Which of the following societies is correctly matched with the named custom?

Moso and tisese

Which of the following apply to ambilineal descent groups?

People can belong to the descent group of any or all of their grandparents. Membership is by choice. All members of the group descend from a common ancestor.

Because culture affects the way kinship is calculated, which of the following are true?

Some societies believe a child can have more than one biological father. Some societies do not consider all blood relatives to be part of the family. People who are not blood relatives can sometimes be regarded socially as kin.

Because culture affects the way kinship is calculated, which of the following are true?

Some societies do not consider all blood relatives to be part of the family. Some societies believe a child can have more than one biological father. People who are not blood relatives can sometimes be regarded socially as kin.

Which of the following statements about bifurcate merging kinship terminology are true?

The mother's side and father's side are split. Mother and mother's sister are merged under the same term.

Which of the following illustrate how a descent group typically manages its ancestral estate?

Unilineal descent and unilocal postmarital residence ensure that about half the people born in each generation can spend their lives on the estate. Descent and residence rules require some members to continue living on the estate after marriage. The descent group passes its estate down through the generations.

What might one expect in a generational kinship system?

You would refer to your aunt and your mother by the same term.

Relatives by marriage, whether of lineals or of collaterals, are known as . (Watch your spelling!)

affinals

In which of the following types of societies is descent-group organization characteristic?

agricultural pastoral horticultural

Generational kinship terminology would likely be found in societies with

ambilineal descent.

In the Bible, Jews and Arabs both descended from Abraham. This makes Abraham the ______ of both Jews and Arabs.

apical ancestor

To endure, descent groups need to keep at least some of their members

at home.

People who belong to the same descent group

claim to have the same ancestors. can live in more than one community.

A is usually larger than a lineage.

clan

In the Nayar matrilineal society of India,

descent was traced through the family of the mother, not the father.

A genealogical kin type is

designated by letters and symbols on genealogical charts. a way of specifying the exact relationship between two people in a family. more specific than a kin term.

With unilineal descent, groups typically trace their ancestry through

either the female or the male line.

What is the term for a family household that includes three or more generations?

extended family household

What is the term for a family that consists of a spouse and children?

family of procreation

The kinship terminology that uses the same term for parents and their siblings and uses just two parental kin terms is known as

generational kinship terminology.

A person's family of orientation

is the family in which that person is born and grows up.

In the United States, most people believe in bilateral kinship, which means

kin links are traced equally through males and females, with each perceived to be similar or equivalent.

The system that people in a particular society use to recognize and categorize kinship relationships is called

kinship calculation.

Unlike middle-class couples in industrial nations, foragers don't usually reside___.

neolocally

Which of the following are the basic social units of traditional foraging societies?

nuclear family band

Although the nuclear family remains a cultural ideal in the United States, approximately how many U.S. households actually fall into this category?

one in five

How long does a nuclear family last?

only as long as the parents and children remain together

In a Muslim zadruga family system, people were most apt to socialize with

others of the same age and gender.

If people claim they are descended from certain people, but they don't try to specify actual genealogical links generation by generation, they are claiming what kind of descent?

stipulated

In North America, when several people who are related but not a nuclear family live together in one house, it is most often because

they cannot afford to maintain individual, independent homes.

In the lineal kinship system, the number 3 and the color light blue stand for the term

uncle.

In bifurcate collateral kinship terminology, the residence rule is

varied.

Matrilateral skewing most often takes place in which of the following situations?

when the wife manages more of the family's affairs than the husband does when children are raised by the mother without the father

Which is NOT a lineal relative?

your brother