Chapter 10 Multiple Choice

Serfs differed from slaves in that (A) serfs were largely commercialized artisans while slaves were agricultural. (B) serfs were ethnically Europeans while slaves were Muslims, pagans, and Africans. (C) they could not be bought or sold, and owned some of the land they farmed. (D) serfs could serve in the military, while slaves could not. (E) slaves frequently were better educated and lived in towns.

c

Although western society was not as tolerant of merchants as were Muslim and Indian societies, (A) weak governments allowed merchants to assert considerable power in semi-independent trading cities. (B) the Roman Catholic Church encouraged profits. (C) western merchants amassed greater lated trade or commerce. (E) Christian merchants married easily into the aristocratic elites.

a

Benedict of Nursia was responsible for what accomplishment in the 6th century? Select one: a. The creation of a set of rules for monasteries b. The banning of lay investiture among kings c. Victory over the Muslims at Tours d. The conquest of Constantinople e. The conversion of the Franks in 596

a

During the 11th century, what new architectural style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses became dominant in western Europe? Select one: a. Gothic b. Baroque c. Structuralism d. Romanesque e. Turkic

a

In the 12th century, what Parisian scholar, the author of Yes and No, utilized logic to examine ecclesiastical doctrine? Select one: a. Peter Abelard b. William of St. Thierry c. Thomas Aquinas d. William of Ockham e. Jacques Coeur

a

In what way was the educational system of the medieval West different from that of China? Select one: a. The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system. b. The West abandoned its classical heritage. c. University education was secular-based. d. The West lacked a formal system of education. e. In the West, there were no state bureaucracies to hire university graduates.

a

In what way was the educational system of the medieval West different from that of China? Select one: a. The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system. b. University education was secular-based. c. In the West, there were no state bureaucracies to hire university graduates. d. The West abandoned its classical heritage. e. The West lacked a formal system of education.

a

Pope Gregory VII decreed the practice of investiture invalid. What was investiture? Select one: a. The practice of state appointment of bishops b. The practice of trying clerics in secular courts c. The practice whereby aristocrats dressed in bishops' robes and attempted to rule in their place d. Loaning money at excessive interest to the church e. The state's power to tax the clergy

a

Relationships between members of the military elite based on a reciprocal exchange of land for military service and loyalty were called Select one: a. feudalism. b. manorialism. c. capitalism. d. the guild system. e. monasticism.

a

The Fourth Crusade was manipulated by merchants in Venice, who turned it into an attack on Select one: a. Constantinople b. Alexandria c. Jerusalem d. Athens e. Rome

a

The moldboard was Select one: a. a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil. b. a technological innovation, a water-driven mill for grinding grain. c. a nickname for the first school established by Charles Martel in France. d. the peasant council that determined the division of land and labor in a peasant village. e. a system of justice common to the manorial regime of the medieval West.

a

Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Crusades? Select one: a. The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world. b. The Crusades helped to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East. c. As far as the Muslims were concerned, the Crusades had little impact on the Islamic world d. The Fourth Crusade resulted in the temporary conquest of Constantinople. e. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was established and controlled by the West for nearly a century in the Holy Land.

a

Which of the following statements about feudalism is most accurate? Select one: a. Although it inhibited the development of strong central states, some kings were able to use feudalism to build their own power. b. Feudalism produced centralized monarchies by the 8th century. c. Although it provided initial political stability, feudalism was rapidly replaced by a western European imperial system. d. Feudalism represented only a brief, and largely unsatisfactory, attempt to create political stability in western Europe. e. Feudalism caused rapid economic gains in all parts of Europe including England.

a

Which of the following was NOT a benefit of the monastic movement in western Europe? Select one: a. Their political organization provided the foundation for the political order established in France, Germany, and England. b. Monks exemplified holy lives for church members and church leadership. c. By copying ancient texts, monks preserved classical culture for later intellectual inquiry. d. Many monasteries helped improve the cultivation of the land. e. They disciplined the intense spirituality of the medieval West in order to promote Christian unity.

a

Which of the following was NOT a threat to the sources of Western vitality at the end of the Middle Ages? Select one: a. The economic tail-spin and impending depression b. The Black Death c. Manufacturing and technology developed more quickly d. The increasing inability of agriculture to keep pace with population growth e. New social disputes, involving both peasants and landlords and artisans and their employees.

a

Which of the following was NOT typical of the challenges to typical medieval institutions in the 15th century? Select one: a. A single imperial government replaced the smaller kingdoms of the Middle Ages b. The medieval intellectual and artistic synthesis was breaking down c. The landowning aristocracy lost its dominance as the chief military force d. The balance between church and state began to favor the dominance of the state e. Parliaments limited the power of kings and provided major support to the merchant class

a

Who were the Scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval West until the 10th century? Select one: a. Vikings b. Muslims c. Mongols d. Turks e. Chinese

a

Agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of aristocratic landowners were called Select one: a. artisans. b. serfs. c. fiefs. d. bourgeoisie. e. guildsmen.

b

Following the fall of Rome, where was the center of the post-classical West? Select one: a. The British Isles b. The central plains of northern Europe c. Greece d. In Italy, particularly Rome e. In the former Roman colony of Spain

b

Manorialism was characterized by all of these conditions EXCEPT: (A) most peasants were serfs. (B) manors and peasants depended on merchants for most necessities. (C) peasants were obligated to give their lord a portion of their produce. (D) the lords protected the peasants. (E) levels of production and technology were low and limited.

b

Many scholars in the Middle Ages (A) disputed Biblical writings. (B) attempted to assimilate Christian faith with Greek philosophy and reason. (C) organized themselves into guilds. (D) increased conflict with the church, which protected the serfs. (E) advocated against slavery

b

The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century, Select one: a. William of Ockham. b. Thomas Aquinas. c. Geoffrey Chaucer. d. William of St. Thierry. e. Peter Abelard.

b

The major lasting result of the Crusades was the (A) conversion of eastern Europe to Roman Catholicism. (B) establishment of cultural and economic contacts between western Europe and the Middle East. (C) conquest of the Holy Land and Jerusalem. (D) destruction of the European nobility and military class. (E) creation of a new Holy Roman Empire ruling many Mediterranean lands.

b

The members of the military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called Select one: a. benefices. b. vassals. c. fiefs. d. serfs. e. lords.

b

The post classical period in Western history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century is referred to as the Select one: a. Modern Era. b. Middle Ages. c. Baroque. d. Age of Discovery. e. Renaissance.

b

The system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers was called Select one: a. capitalism. b. manorialism. c. feudalism. d. slavery. e. monasticism.

b

Which of the following areas was NOT one of the regions into which expansion from western Europe took place? Select one: a. Iceland and Greenland b. Northern Africa c. Poland d. Eastern Germany e. Spain

b

Which of the following statements concerning the medieval economy is most true? Select one: a. Medieval economics, overall, tended to discourage merchant activity and technical innovation. b. Medieval economics was a combination of capitalistic and feudal practices c. Medieval economic thought and practice was of no consequence to later Western economic thinkers and actors. d. Medieval economic systems were based on global trade with China and India. e. Medieval economics simply repeated the thought and practice of earlier economic thinkers.

b

During the Middle Ages, effective political and military power in Europe was (A) wielded by the Roman Catholic church. (B) the domain of the national monarch such as the King of France. (C) local in nature with regional aristocrats holding the greatest influence. (D) furnished by mercenary armies supported by the rich towns and cities. (E) shared by the peasants, urban dwellers, and the church.

c

In what year was Charlemagne able to establish a substantial, if temporary, empire in France and Germany? Select one: a. 500 b. 1000 c. 800 d. 1100 e. 900

c

Medieval universities and schools (A) were established to train bureaucrats to run the government. (B) were hesitant to study the Greek classics and Arab sciences. (C) trained students mainly in theology, medicine, and law. (D) arose in rural settings around the larger, more famous monasteries. (E) welcomed members of all classes including women, provided they passed the entrance exams.

c

Relationships between members of the military elite based on a reciprocal exchange of land for military service and loyalty were called Select one: a. manorialism. b. the guild system. c. feudalism. d. capitalism. e. monasticism.

c

The Hanseatic League is an example of (A) a guild. (B) a military triumvirate. (C) a commercial alliance. (D) the growth of cultural institutions in the late Middle Ages. (E) the educational collaboration of the era.

c

What Frankish king was responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks? Select one: a. Louis IX b. Charles Martel c. Clovis d. Charlemagne e. Pepin III

c

What belief did the conversion of Germanic kings create among Western religious leaders, particularly the pope? Select one: a. That the Church was subordinate to the secular monarchs b. That such conversion represented a danger to the papal hierarchy c. That the Church was superior to the secular rulers d. That the church should fear powerful kings e. That the Church should avoid conversion of northern Germanic kings

c

What dynasty took over the Frankish monarchy in the 8th century? Select one: a. Saxon b. Capetian c. Carolingian d. Norman e. Merovingian

c

Which of the following statements about the manorial system is NOT true? Select one: a. It had originated in the Roman Empire. b. Its obligations bore heavily on serfs. c. It was technologically sophisticated. d. Agricultural productivity was low. e. It was practically self-sufficient.

c

As had Hammurabi's Code (Mesopotamia), Justinian's Code (Byzantine) a. led to internal disruptions and faced harsh opposition b. dealt primarily with church law and religious issues c. deviated sharply from previous legal traditions d. became the basic law code for his state, and influenced future law codes e. greatly influenced the laws of Islam

d

How did the introduction of feudal monarchy into England compare to the political experience of France? Select one: a. English feudal monarchy developed more gradually and slowly in response to the improving economy. b. England never developed a strong feudal monarchy similar to what happened in France. c. French feudal monarchy arose almost immediately in the 10th century as a result of the defeat of the Normans. d. English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed more slowly. e. France failed to develop feudal monarchy until the 15th century unlike England.

d

In what year did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade? Select one: a. 1236 b. 1453 c. 1066 d. 1095 e. 1130

d

Because of its base in the universities of western Europe, the dominant medieval philosophical approach was referred to as Select one: a. rationalism. b. corporate theology. c. social contract theology. d. existentialism. e. scholasticism.

e

By what century did France achieve a complete feudal monarchy? Select one: a. 15th b. 12th c. 11th d. 10th e. 13th

e

The period known as the Middle Ages in Europe (A) was an era in which European culture and civilization dominated the Mediterranean region. (B) was a period of isolation and stagnation for European society. (C) began with feudal kings in control and ended with the Roman Catholic church the dominant power in Europe. (D) began with the fall of Rome and ended with the decline of Europe's feudal and religious institutions. (E) saw Christianity confined to a few lands in western Europe.

d

The reforming monastic orders founded in Assisi in the 13th century were created by Select one: a. St. Bernard and Abelard b. St. Clare and St. Benedict. c. St Francis and Charlemagne. d. St. Francis and St. Clare. e. St. Benedict and Clovis.

d

What 12th century monk stressed the importance of mystical union with God over logic and philosophy? Select one: a. Duns Scotus b. Simeon of Durham c. Marsiglio of Padua d. Bernard of Clairvaux e. Augustine

d

Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization after the 10th century in Europe? Select one: a. Spain and Poland b. England and Scandinavia c. France and the Holy Roman Empire d. Italy and the Low Countries e. England and France

d

Which of the following regions achieved feudal monarchy prior to the end of the Middle Ages? Select one: a. Holy Roman Empire b. Italy c. Spain d. England e. Low Countries

d

Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is NOT true? Select one: a. They received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords. b. They were obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land. c. They had heavy obligations to their lords. d. They could be bought and sold by their landlords. e. They retained essential ownership of their houses.

d

Which of the following was NOT a positive development that introduced new sources of strength by the 9th and 10th centuries to western Europe? Select one: a. Towns served as trade centers b. New agricultural techniques c. Greater regional political stability d. Development of imperial government e. End of Viking raids

d

Which of the following was NOT a power of the papacy immediately after 500? Select one: a. Sponsorship of missionary activity b. Excommunication c. The ability to send directives and receive information d. The appointment of all bishops e. Regulation of doctrine or dogma

d

After the collapse of Charlemagne's empire, the pattern of political life in western Europe (A) was dominated by the strong empire, that his sons and heirs established. (B) was modeled on the Byzantine Empire. (C) returned to small tribes and clans with regional or local loyalties. (D) focused on religious control of states and politics. (E) consisted of regional monarchies with strong aristocracies

e

All of the following were functions of the merchant and artisan guilds EXCEPT Select one: a. guaranteeing good workmanship in their products. b. limitation of membership. c. giving its members an equal share in resources. d. regulation of apprenticeship. e. ensuring a free-market economy.

e

What was the impact of the improved economy after the 10th century on the social system of western Europe? Select one: a. The merchants lost considerable power to the monarchs. b. The improvements in the agricultural system retarded the development of towns and restricted social mobility. c. Despite the improved economy, the rigid social system associated with feudalism continued to dominate western Europe. d. Harsh serfdom became the rule throughout western Europe. e. The increased pace of economic life created a less rigid structure.

e

Which of the following developments was NOT a result of the improved economy of the High Middle Ages? Select one: a. A money economy began to replace the traditional barter system used throughout western Europe. b. Urban growth allowed more specialized manufacturing and commercial activities, including banking. c. Rising trade permitted the redevelopment of commerce within the Mediterranean and beyond. d. Some peasants were able to throw off the most severe constraints of manorialism, becoming almost free farmers. e. Conflicts between peasants and the landlords became rare, if they did not disappear altogether.

e

Which of the following statements concerning the Holy Roman Emperors after the 10th century is most accurate? Select one: a. Building on a feudal framework rather than the Carolingian Germanic foundations, the Holy Roman emperors created a strongly centralized government. b. Discarding much of the former Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman emperors reestablished a centralized government in northern Italy. c. They built upon the Carolingian foundations to establish the most centralized government found in the medieval West. d. Dukedoms and city-states yielded political authority to the Holy Roman Empire throughout western Europe. e. The rule of the Holy Roman emperors became increasingly hollow, because they did not build a solid monarchy from regional foundations.

e

Which of the following statements concerning the impact of Christianity on polytheistic religions in western Europe is most accurate? Select one: a. Few polytheistic religions existed in Europe during the Middle Ages, but their influences grew. b. Small islands of polytheistic belief remained, but most Europeans converted from polytheistic faiths in the initial post-classical centuries. c. Although Christianity made inroads, many areas of Europe retained polytheistic beliefs and rejected the new religion. d. Christianity eradicated all traces of those earlier religions as the new religion became universal in western Europe. e. The process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity.

e

Which of the following statements concerning the intellectual activity of the medieval West prior to the 8th century is most accurate? Select one: a. Universities rapidly created a new intellectual climate in which logic was applied to matters of Christian doctrine. b. All literacy and contact with the ancient culture was lost in the centuries following the fall of Rome. c. Western scholars achieved more during this period than their Islamic counterparts. d. Classical rational traditions were actively united with Christian mysticism to carve out a new intellectual world. e. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts.

e

Which of the following statements concerning the three-field rotation system is most accurate? Select one: a. The three-field system removed fallow fields and replaced them with nitrogen-bearing crops. b. The three-field system was rapidly replaced after the 8th century by the two-field system that offered greater flexibility in terms of crop rotation. c. It represented a net increase in productivity where it was used because although crops were rotated, no fields were left fallow. d. The three-field system removed more land from production than before by reserving one-third for fallow. e. Introduced in the 8th century, the three-field rotation left a third of the land unplanted to regain fertility.

e

Which of the following was NOT true of the career of Jacques Coeur? Select one: a. He used his wealth to arrange for his 16-year-old son to become an archbishop. b. He had the largest fleet ever owned by a French subject. c. He was tortured, admitted to various crimes, and had his property confiscated. d. Coeur built an elaborate palace at Bourges. e. He died a rich and honored advisor to the king of France.

e

Which of the following was a result of the Hundred Years War during the 14th and 15th centuries? Select one: a. An English victory, but only after an invasion of France by Richard the Lionhearted b. Physical destruction of both France and England, with loss of trade as well c. Mounted knights continued their dominance over foot soldiers and archers d. Major battles resulted in enormous loss of life over the course of the war e. Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies

e