Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny

Mexican Cession

1848 U.S. acquired Salt Lake and as part as a settlement with war, $15 million

Chinese

300 men came to California from China, first largest Asian immigrants to come to America

Rivalry in the Northeast

4 nations laid to claim land of Oregon, Britain, Spain, and Russia. Was split Oregon with British

Stephen F. Austin

After Mexico's independence, asked to confirm the land grant from his father. Began organizing colony, Invited 300 Americans to settle.

Polk's 3 Part Plan

Americans troops would drive Mexican forces out of the disputed area, done by Zachary Taylor, U.S. would then seize New Mexico and California, Take capital of Mexico city

Joint Occupation

An agreement with Britain, that Britain and U.S. could settle there

The Annexation Rejection

Andrew Jackson refused because the addition of another slave state would upset the balance between anti-slavery and slavery states

Santa Anna

Became president in 1833, agreed first request to remove ban on American settlers, but then refused, when Austin was in jail he became dictator and overthrew constitution.

Compromise of 1850

California applied for statehood, U.S. refused because of slavery, 6 months later they compromised and became a state

Bear Star Republic

Called the new country of California this is because their flag showed bear and a star with a white background

Election of 1844

Candidates were James K. Polk and Henry Clay, James K. Polk won

Missions

Captain Gaspar and Father Junipero Serra began the missions that eventually extended from San Diego to Sonoma, Key part to colonization

Sam Houston

Commander in chief if Texas forces, raised with Cherokees, fighting with Andrew Jackson, served in Congress and gov. of Tennessee

James K. Polk

Democratic Party's elective, won election of 1844, believed in manifest destiny, slogan was "Fifty Four-Forty or Fight."

William Beckneil

First American to reach Sante Fe arrived in 1821 with mules loaded with goods.

Battle of San Jacinto

Gathered 900 troops. Santa Anna had 1,300 troops. Surprised attacked on Mexicans yelling "Remember the Alamo!" "Remember Goliad!" Killed 600 and captured 700 more including Santa Anna. Signed treaty that recognized independence of Texas

San Francisco

Grew from small village to large city with 20,000

Discovery of Gold

James Marshall found the gold rush, more than 80,000 people came to California for the gold rush, 80% was American of the forty-niners, doubled world supply

Merchants

Made huge profits, could charge whatever they wanted because miners had to buy essential items

Gonzales

Mexican troops tried to seize a cannon held by texans at this town. Texans fought to keep cannon.

Tejanos

Mexican who claims Texas as their home

The Whitman Mission

Missionaries wanted to bring Christianity to Native Americans, new settlers came in with measles, became epidemic, killed a lot of children, Walla Walla Washington, Blamed whites, led to violence.

Willamette Valley

Most pioneers headed here, south of Columbia River

New Mexico

Name of a vast region sandwiched between Texas and California

Winfield Scott

Polk gave him the task of capturing Mexico City, captured Veracruz after 3-week siege

49th Parallel

Polk put boundaries at 49 degrees instead of "Fifty Four-Forty or Fight" because Britain would not agree to it.

$30 Million

Proposed this amount for California and New Mexico+Rio Grande border. Mexico denied

Zachary Taylor

Received order to march his troops across the disputed area. Built fort, Mexicans attacked small force. Completed first part of Polk's plan.

The Lone Star Republic

Sam Houston was their 1st president, along with Velaso as vice. Applied for annexation for U.S. Was independent country for 9 years

The Oregon Trail

"Oregon Fever" took 2,000 miles to get to. Many died because of getting lost, the coldness

Gadsden Purchase

$10 million, a strip of land along the southern edge of present-day Arizona + New Mexico

Utah

Where the Mormons came to settle, "The whole of this small nation occupy themselves as usefully as the working bees of a hive." Described Mormons

Henry Clay

Whig Party elective, did not take strongly on Oregon issue, made him lose.

Population 1840-1850

Settlers went in Oregon went from 500-5,000 Americans, number of Britain stayed the same

"Fifty Four-Forty or Fight"

Slogan for James K. Polk for the election, referred to the border of the line of latitude for the Oregon

California

Spanish explorers were, they were the first to settle

Alamo

Texan force barricaded inside a nearby mission called the Alamo. 180 soldiers to face several thousands men. Killed hundreds of Mexicans

Disputed area

Texas-Mexico border. U.S. thought Rio Grande, Mexico thought Nueces River

Conflicts with U.S.

The Mormons often had conflicts, in 1857 and 1858 war almost broke out, Utah did not become state until 1896

Boomtowns

The new communities that were bring built, San Francisco was a boomtown

Mountain Men

The people who spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains, trapping beavers for their skin

Santa Fe Trail

The route that Beckneil took was known as this

Mexican War

The war for the land that we wanted to fulfill Manifest Destiny, mexican would not sell. Costed U.S. $100 Million for war

San Antonio

They liberated here from the control of 1st fight of a larger Mexican force. The army included more than 100 tejanos, commanded by captain Juan Seguin, Mexican victory

Vigilantes

Were concerned citizens, took law into their own hands, acting as police, judge, jury and executioner

Fertile Land

What attracted people in Oregon

Jim Bowie

a tough Texan from Tennessee, one of the brave leaders, died at battle of the Alamo

Moses Austin

applied and received first land grant for Texas in 1821. Died from pneumonia and died before he could establish colony.

Davy Crockett

arrived with sharpshooters, on of the brave leaders of the Alamo

Prairie schooners

canvas covered wagons

John Sloat

captured ports of Monterrey and San Francisco, declared California annexed U.S.

Joseph Smith

founded church in 1830 in New York State, had visions that led to launch a new Christian Church. Property should be held in common, supported polygamy. Mormons eventually gave up belief. Was killed in Illinois while moving on in 1844

Rules of Settlement

learn Spanish, become Mexican citizens, convert to Catholicism, and obey laws, 1830 issued decree from U.S. that stopped immigration

Stephen Watts Kearney

led troops to New Mexico and California in the summer he led 1,500 troops to New Mexico, Mexican governor fled, captured Sante Fe

Mormons

members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Miners

no experience in mining, spent hours bent over in streams beds, very few achieved ever lasting wealth, most found little or no gold. Spent time free time drinking, fighting, and gambling.

Rancheros

ranch owners, treated workers like slaves

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

signed in Feb 1848 gave up all claim to Texas, gave $15 million in return

Annex

to take control

Bringham Young

took over as head Mormons, moved to Utah near Great Salt Lake