Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny
Mexican Cession
1848 U.S. acquired Salt Lake and as part as a settlement with war, $15 million
Chinese
300 men came to California from China, first largest Asian immigrants to come to America
Rivalry in the Northeast
4 nations laid to claim land of Oregon, Britain, Spain, and Russia. Was split Oregon with British
Stephen F. Austin
After Mexico's independence, asked to confirm the land grant from his father. Began organizing colony, Invited 300 Americans to settle.
Polk's 3 Part Plan
Americans troops would drive Mexican forces out of the disputed area, done by Zachary Taylor, U.S. would then seize New Mexico and California, Take capital of Mexico city
Joint Occupation
An agreement with Britain, that Britain and U.S. could settle there
The Annexation Rejection
Andrew Jackson refused because the addition of another slave state would upset the balance between anti-slavery and slavery states
Santa Anna
Became president in 1833, agreed first request to remove ban on American settlers, but then refused, when Austin was in jail he became dictator and overthrew constitution.
Compromise of 1850
California applied for statehood, U.S. refused because of slavery, 6 months later they compromised and became a state
Bear Star Republic
Called the new country of California this is because their flag showed bear and a star with a white background
Election of 1844
Candidates were James K. Polk and Henry Clay, James K. Polk won
Missions
Captain Gaspar and Father Junipero Serra began the missions that eventually extended from San Diego to Sonoma, Key part to colonization
Sam Houston
Commander in chief if Texas forces, raised with Cherokees, fighting with Andrew Jackson, served in Congress and gov. of Tennessee
James K. Polk
Democratic Party's elective, won election of 1844, believed in manifest destiny, slogan was "Fifty Four-Forty or Fight."
William Beckneil
First American to reach Sante Fe arrived in 1821 with mules loaded with goods.
Battle of San Jacinto
Gathered 900 troops. Santa Anna had 1,300 troops. Surprised attacked on Mexicans yelling "Remember the Alamo!" "Remember Goliad!" Killed 600 and captured 700 more including Santa Anna. Signed treaty that recognized independence of Texas
San Francisco
Grew from small village to large city with 20,000
Discovery of Gold
James Marshall found the gold rush, more than 80,000 people came to California for the gold rush, 80% was American of the forty-niners, doubled world supply
Merchants
Made huge profits, could charge whatever they wanted because miners had to buy essential items
Gonzales
Mexican troops tried to seize a cannon held by texans at this town. Texans fought to keep cannon.
Tejanos
Mexican who claims Texas as their home
The Whitman Mission
Missionaries wanted to bring Christianity to Native Americans, new settlers came in with measles, became epidemic, killed a lot of children, Walla Walla Washington, Blamed whites, led to violence.
Willamette Valley
Most pioneers headed here, south of Columbia River
New Mexico
Name of a vast region sandwiched between Texas and California
Winfield Scott
Polk gave him the task of capturing Mexico City, captured Veracruz after 3-week siege
49th Parallel
Polk put boundaries at 49 degrees instead of "Fifty Four-Forty or Fight" because Britain would not agree to it.
$30 Million
Proposed this amount for California and New Mexico+Rio Grande border. Mexico denied
Zachary Taylor
Received order to march his troops across the disputed area. Built fort, Mexicans attacked small force. Completed first part of Polk's plan.
The Lone Star Republic
Sam Houston was their 1st president, along with Velaso as vice. Applied for annexation for U.S. Was independent country for 9 years
The Oregon Trail
"Oregon Fever" took 2,000 miles to get to. Many died because of getting lost, the coldness
Gadsden Purchase
$10 million, a strip of land along the southern edge of present-day Arizona + New Mexico
Utah
Where the Mormons came to settle, "The whole of this small nation occupy themselves as usefully as the working bees of a hive." Described Mormons
Henry Clay
Whig Party elective, did not take strongly on Oregon issue, made him lose.
Population 1840-1850
Settlers went in Oregon went from 500-5,000 Americans, number of Britain stayed the same
"Fifty Four-Forty or Fight"
Slogan for James K. Polk for the election, referred to the border of the line of latitude for the Oregon
California
Spanish explorers were, they were the first to settle
Alamo
Texan force barricaded inside a nearby mission called the Alamo. 180 soldiers to face several thousands men. Killed hundreds of Mexicans
Disputed area
Texas-Mexico border. U.S. thought Rio Grande, Mexico thought Nueces River
Conflicts with U.S.
The Mormons often had conflicts, in 1857 and 1858 war almost broke out, Utah did not become state until 1896
Boomtowns
The new communities that were bring built, San Francisco was a boomtown
Mountain Men
The people who spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains, trapping beavers for their skin
Santa Fe Trail
The route that Beckneil took was known as this
Mexican War
The war for the land that we wanted to fulfill Manifest Destiny, mexican would not sell. Costed U.S. $100 Million for war
San Antonio
They liberated here from the control of 1st fight of a larger Mexican force. The army included more than 100 tejanos, commanded by captain Juan Seguin, Mexican victory
Vigilantes
Were concerned citizens, took law into their own hands, acting as police, judge, jury and executioner
Fertile Land
What attracted people in Oregon
Jim Bowie
a tough Texan from Tennessee, one of the brave leaders, died at battle of the Alamo
Moses Austin
applied and received first land grant for Texas in 1821. Died from pneumonia and died before he could establish colony.
Davy Crockett
arrived with sharpshooters, on of the brave leaders of the Alamo
Prairie schooners
canvas covered wagons
John Sloat
captured ports of Monterrey and San Francisco, declared California annexed U.S.
Joseph Smith
founded church in 1830 in New York State, had visions that led to launch a new Christian Church. Property should be held in common, supported polygamy. Mormons eventually gave up belief. Was killed in Illinois while moving on in 1844
Rules of Settlement
learn Spanish, become Mexican citizens, convert to Catholicism, and obey laws, 1830 issued decree from U.S. that stopped immigration
Stephen Watts Kearney
led troops to New Mexico and California in the summer he led 1,500 troops to New Mexico, Mexican governor fled, captured Sante Fe
Mormons
members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Miners
no experience in mining, spent hours bent over in streams beds, very few achieved ever lasting wealth, most found little or no gold. Spent time free time drinking, fighting, and gambling.
Rancheros
ranch owners, treated workers like slaves
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
signed in Feb 1848 gave up all claim to Texas, gave $15 million in return
Annex
to take control
Bringham Young
took over as head Mormons, moved to Utah near Great Salt Lake