Chapter 14 AP
Hypothalamus
Maintains body tempature
Lipids
Most of what we eat from this group is classified as neutral fats (triglycerides).. Cholesterol, in the group, is used to make steroid hormones and cell membranes
Starch
Substrate for amylase
What must occur before a fatty acid can be metabolized by cellular respiration
The fatty acid must be broken down into two-carbon molecules, acetic acid.
How foods fuels cellular respiration
1. Food provides fuel and building blocks 2. Food is broken down and transported to cells via cardio system. 3. Fuel is broken down into glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (krebs cycle). 4. ATP is produced with help of electron transport chain.
Vitamins and Minerals
A balanced diet is needed to get all of these nutrients, used mostly as coenzymes. This group includes inoraganic nutrients found in legumes, milk, and some meats.
Gallbladder
Accessory organ of digestive system
Carbohydrates
Animal sources including lactose and glycogen in meat. Momosaccharides are sugars and polysaccharides including starch. This group includes the preferred fuel source for all cells of the body.
HDL
Carries excess cholesterol from body cells to liver
Secretin
Causes liver to produce more bile and stimulates pancreatic secretion.
Cholecystokin
Causes the gall bladder to contract and stimulate pancreatic secretions.
Proteins
Eggs, milk, meat, and fish provide a complete source of this nutrient. Molecules in this group are composed of amino acids
Amino acid
End product of protein digestion
Energy balance
Energy intake increases when more food is consumed. Energy balance occurs when energy intake equals energy output.
Lysozyme
Found in saliva
Glucose
Fuel preferred by most body cells to produce ATP
Gastric inhibitory peptidee
Hormone secreted by duodenum inhibits secretion of gastric juices and stimulates release of insulin
Function of saliva
Inhibits bacterial growth in oral cavity.
Liver
Produces bile
Thyroxine
Responsible for determining basal metabolic rate
Gastrin
Secreted by cells within the stomach, stimulates stomach activity
Trypsin
Secreted by pancreas
Where is most food digested
Small intestine
CCK (Cholecystokinin)
Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder
Liver
Stores and manufactures most body's glycogen as a ready source of glucose
Ileocecal valve
Struct controls movement of chyme from the small intestine to large intestine
Lack of Bile Causes what symptoms
URQ pain, fatty deposits around eyes, greasy diarrhea, and excessive menstrual bleeding.
Gluconeogenesis
When blood sugars are low, the liver can make sugar from amino acids and fats.
heat exhaustion symptoms
body temperature increases, blood pressure drops, and sweating.
Disaccharides
broken down by brush border enzymes
Cystic fibrosis
inborn error of metabolism affects pancreatic secretion of digestive fluids.