Chapter 14 Mexican History

Pedro Garibay

A senile field marshall, replaced Iturrigaray

Father Clavijero

Accurately described New Spain's geography, flora and fauna and extolled the region's positive characteristics and achievements.

José de Gálvez

Agreed with Charles III to set limits of criollo participation in the government

Viceroy José de Iturrigaray

Allowed criollos to form juntas. Was removed from his palace and sent to Veracruz to wait a passage to Spain where he was later imprisoned.

Mexicanidad

The spirit of an inclusive Mexican cultural society

Conde or Marqúes

Titles granted to mining barons, along with some wealthy ranchers and merchants in exchange of gifts to the crown

Cabildo

a former Spanish municipal administrative unit governed by a council

Sánchez Navarro family

amassed huge holdings, involved in mining, agriculture and commerce as well as ran sheep, cattle and horses. Had largest ranch in Spanish America

Conspiracy of the Machetes

ill-conceived conspiracy of criollos, their plan was so naive that their cache of arms consisted only of machetes (1799)

Patria Chica

local world

Manuel de Godoy

provincial guardsman, maneuvered his way into rank of prime minister. Made unwise alliances which caused invasion of Spain by troops of Napoleon Bonaparte

marqués de Aguayo

purchases 222,000 acres from the crown for only 250 pesos.

Americanos or mexicanos

this group called themselves this, shunning the socially tainted designation of criollo

Act of Consolidation

Required church to call in all loans it made using charitable funds. Constrained the activities of the church

The Casa de Alfeñique

Sugar-Candy House, showplace in Puebla

Second count of Revillagigedo

Among his many intelligent innovations was the lighting of streets, paved streets and authorized the first public transportation system, set speed limits, restricted parking and issues laws against shrill whistling and shouting imprecations at pedestrians and riders. Also improved the postal service

Joseph Bonaparte

Brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, ruled Spain

Criollo grievances

Criollos had been forced into a secondary position. They lent themselves to more coordinated expression through local societies and literary clubs

Pueblo Revolt

Drove out Spaniards for more than a decade. Occurred in northern province of New Mexico

Count of Bassoco

Elevated to count only after a gift to the government of 200,000 peso

Pedro Romero de Terreros

Future Conde de Regla, began as an apprentice to his merchant uncle. Used family connections to build up capital and invest in mining, hitting the bonanza with Real del Monte in Pachuca, eventually becoming the wealthiest man in the colony, perhaps in the world at the time. Founded Monte de Piedad

Latifundio

Huge holdings of land. The Sanchez Navarro family held one almost as large as the country of Portugal

Count of Valenciana

In the late 18th Century this person sometimes took a net profit of more than a million pesos annually

Ferdinand VII

King without a throne

Frenchified

Later aristocrats were wealthier and more cosmopolitan. They adopted continental fashions and wore powdered wigs on formal occasions. Therefore to some extent the Mexican high society had become ______________

Hidalgo

Leader of conspiracy in Querétaro (1810)

Charles III

Limited Criollo participation in government

Jacinto Canek

Maya insurrection led by this person threatened Yucatán in 1761

Don José de la Borda

Mining Baron; financed what is considered the most complete example of Mexican baroque: church of Santa Prisca in Taxco

House of Tiles

Once the residence of conde del Valle de Orizaba, it is today a restaurant. Covered on the exterior and interior with tiles

Juntas

Provisional bodies

Marqués de Branciforte

Replaced Viceroy Revillagigedo