Chapter 2) 2.3 Biological Molecules

two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond

Disaccharide

A catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is complex.

Enzyme

A large lipid molecule made from an alcohol called glycerol and three fatty acids.

Fat

a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain. number of hydrogen atoms increase

Saturated fatty Acid

A storage carbohydrate in plants

Starch

A type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon ringhs

Steriod

a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond

Trans-fat

a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

Triglyceride

a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Storage carbohydrates in animals

glycogen

A monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotide

composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone

phospholipid

chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

polypeptide

long chain of monosaccharides

polysaccharide

a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Phospholipids are important components of __________. A.the plasma membrane of cells B. the ring structure of steroids C. the waxy covering on leaves D. the double bond in hydrocarbon chains

A.the plasma membrane of cells

a monomer of a protein

Amino Acid

a monomer of protein

Amino Acids

The monomers that make up proteins are called _________. A. nucleotides B. disaccharides C. amino acids D.chaperones

C. Amino acids

Broken down to simple sugars

Carbohydrate

Polysaccharide that makes up a cell wall

Cellulose

Forms the outer skeleton arthropodds

Chitin

Cellulose and starch are examples of ________. A. monosaccharides B. disaccharides C. lipids D. polysaccharides

D. polysaccharides

loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor

Denaturation

Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another.

Hormone

a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water

Lipids

A very large organic molecule made by smaller molecules

Macromolecules

A single unit of monomer of carbohydrates.

Monosaccharide

carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell

Nucleic Acid

an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature

Oil

A macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids

Protein

An example of a monosaccharide is ________. A.fructose B. glucose C. galactose D. all of the above

d. all of the above