Chapter 2) 2.3 Biological Molecules
two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
Disaccharide
A catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is complex.
Enzyme
A large lipid molecule made from an alcohol called glycerol and three fatty acids.
Fat
a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain. number of hydrogen atoms increase
Saturated fatty Acid
A storage carbohydrate in plants
Starch
A type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon ringhs
Steriod
a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond
Trans-fat
a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule
Triglyceride
a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Storage carbohydrates in animals
glycogen
A monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotide
composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone
phospholipid
chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
polypeptide
long chain of monosaccharides
polysaccharide
a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Phospholipids are important components of __________. A.the plasma membrane of cells B. the ring structure of steroids C. the waxy covering on leaves D. the double bond in hydrocarbon chains
A.the plasma membrane of cells
a monomer of a protein
Amino Acid
a monomer of protein
Amino Acids
The monomers that make up proteins are called _________. A. nucleotides B. disaccharides C. amino acids D.chaperones
C. Amino acids
Broken down to simple sugars
Carbohydrate
Polysaccharide that makes up a cell wall
Cellulose
Forms the outer skeleton arthropodds
Chitin
Cellulose and starch are examples of ________. A. monosaccharides B. disaccharides C. lipids D. polysaccharides
D. polysaccharides
loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
Denaturation
Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another.
Hormone
a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water
Lipids
A very large organic molecule made by smaller molecules
Macromolecules
A single unit of monomer of carbohydrates.
Monosaccharide
carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
Nucleic Acid
an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature
Oil
A macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
Protein
An example of a monosaccharide is ________. A.fructose B. glucose C. galactose D. all of the above
d. all of the above
