Chapter 2-3 (Exam)

b.) The attraction between water molecules and other molecules

Define water's property of adhesion. a.) a force that allows surface water molecules to escape and vaporize b.) the attraction between water molecules and other molecules c.) the intermolecular force between water molecules d.) the force that keeps particles dispersed in water

b.) polymers

Dehydration synthesis leads to the formation of what? a.) monomers b.) polymers c.) carbohydrates only d.) water only

d.) hydrolysis

During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place? a.) condensation b.) covalent bond c.) dehydration d.) hydrolysis

c.) hydrolysis

Energy is released as a result of which of the following chemical reactions? a.) condensation b.) dehydration synthesis c.) hydrolysis d.) dissolution

a.) Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial negative charge near the hydrogen atom.

Explain why the bonds within a water molecule are described as polar covalent bonds. a.) Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial negative charge near the hydrogen atom. b.) Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atom. c.) Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial negative charge near the oxygen atoms. d.) Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial positive charge near the oxygen atoms.

a.) The mass number and atomic number of carbon-13 is 13 and 6, while that of carbon-12 is 12 and 6, respectively.

List the mass number and atomic number of carbon-12 and carbon-13, respectively. a.) The mass number and atomic number of carbon-13 is 13 and 6, while that of carbon-12 is 12 and 6, respectively. b.) The mass number and atomic number of carbon-13 is 13 and 12, while that of carbon-12 is 12 and 6, respectively. c.) The mass number and atomic number of carbon-13 is 13 and 13, while that of carbon-12 is 12 and 6, respectively. d.) The mass number and atomic number of carbon-13 is 13 and 12, while that of carbon-12 is 12 and 12, respectively.

a.) cellulose

Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance? a.) cellulose b.) glycogen c.) lactose d.) starch

c.) Shells 1, 2, and 3 are full, and shell 4 has one electron.

Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration? a.) Shells 1 and 2 are full, and shell 3 has nine electrons. b.)Shells 1, 2, and 3 are full, and shell 4 has three electrons. c.) Shells 1, 2, and 3 are full, and shell 4 has one electron. d.) Shells 1, 2, and 3 are full, and no other electrons are present.

c.) molecules sharing the same chemical bonds but are mirror images of each other

What are enantiomers? a.) hydrocarbons consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms b.) structural isomers differing in placement of atoms along a carbon-carbon double bond c.) molecules sharing the same chemical bonds but are mirror images of each other d.) molecules with the same chemical formula but different placement of their chemical bonds

amino acids

What are the monomers that make up proteins called?

d.) ions with opposite charges

What forms ionic bonds? a.) atoms that share electrons equally b.) atoms that share electrons unequally c.) ions with similar charges d.) ions with opposite charges

a.) The pH of the solution decreases.

What happens to the pH of a solution when acids are added? a.) The pH of the solution decreases. b.) The pH of the solution increases. c.) The pH of the solution increases and then decreases. d.) The pH of the solution stays the same.

b.) Both cells have cytoplasm but prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic​ cells? a.) Both cells have a nucleus but prokaryotic cells lack cytoplasm. b.) Both cells have cytoplasm but prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. c.) Both cells have DNA but prokaryotic cells lack a cell membrane. d.) Both cells have a cell membrane but prokaryotic cells lack DNA.

b.) fructose

What is an example of a monosaccharide? a.) cellulose b.) fructose c.) lactose d.) sucrose

c.) a steroid

What is cholesterol specifically classified as? a.) a triglyceride b.) a phospholipid c.) a steroid d.) a wax

c.) phosphates

What is removed during the formation of nucleic acid polymers? a.) carbon b.) hydroxyl groups c.) phosphates d.) amino acids

a.) 4

What is the maximum number of atoms or molecules a single carbon atom can bond with? a.) 4 b.) 1 c.) 6 d.) 2

b.) Isotopes

What is the term for atoms of the same element that vary in the number of neutrons in their nuclei? a.) ions b.) isotopes c.) isobars d.) neutral atoms

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

What may a nucleotide of DNA contain?

b.) diffusion

What process is used by prokaryotes to obtain some materials and remove waste? a.) cell division b.) diffusion c.) flagellar motion d.) ribosomes

b.) Hydrogen bonds in solution

Which type of bond exemplifies a weak chemical bond? a.) covalent bonds in solution b.) hydrogen bonds in solution c.) ionic bonds in solids d.) nonpolar covalent bonds in solids

d.) polysaccharides

Cellulose and starch are examples of ________. a.) disaccharides b.) lipids c.) monosaccharides d.) polysaccharides

a.) acid

How are excess hydrogen ions balanced in a solution? a.) acid b.) base c.) donator d.) isotope

b.) 54

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have? a.) 27 b.) 54 c.) 100 d.) 108

a.) Hydrolysis breaks down polymers.

In the metabolism of a cell, why is hydrolysis used? a.) Hydrolysis breaks down polymers. b.) Hydrolysis is used to form linkages in DNA. c.) Hydrolysis is used to produce proteins. d.) Hydrolysis synthesizes new macromolecules.

a.) Polymers break by separating water into hydrogen and hydroxyl group that are added to the monomers.

The word hydrolysis is defined as the lysis of water. How does this apply to polymers? a.) Polymers break by separating water into hydrogen and hydroxyl group that are added to the monomers. b.) Polymers are synthesized by using the energy released by the breaking of water molecules into hydrogen and hydroxyl group. c.) Polymers are separated into monomers producing energy and water molecules. d.) Polymers are hydrolyzed into monomers using water in the process and are called as dehydration synthesis.

b.) Electrons are transferred from OH and H ions to the monomers in dehydration synthesis. They are taken up by the H and OH ions from the monomers in hydrolysis.

What role do electrons play in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? a.) Electrons are added to OHOH and HH ion in the dehydration synthesis. They are removed from OHOH and HH in hydrolysis. b.) Electrons are transferred from OH and H ions to the monomers in dehydration synthesis. They are taken up by the H and OH ions from the monomers in hydrolysis. c.) Electrons are removed from OHOH and HH in the dehydration synthesis. They are added to OHOH and HH in hydrolysis. d.) Electrons are transferred from monomers to HH and OHOH ions in hydrolysis and from OHOH and HH to monomers in dehydration synthesis.

a.) adhere to cell surfaces

When bacteria lack fimbriae, what are they less likely to do? a.) adhere to cell surfaces b.) retain the ability to divide c.) swim through bodily fluids d.) synthesize proteins

in the nucleus

Where is the largest amount of DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?

b.) glycerol

Which fat serves as an animal's major form of energy storage? a.) cholesterol b.) glycerol c.) phospholipid d.) triglycerides

d.) sulfhydryl

Which of the following functional groups is the least polar? a.) carbonyl b.) hydroxyl c.) methyl d.) sulfhydryl

c.) ribosomes

Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? a.) mitochondrion b.) nucleus c.) ribosomes d.) centrosomes

d.) sodium

Which of the following is least likely to bond with carbon as a functional group in biological systems? a.) carbonyl b.) hydroxyl c.) phosphate d.) sodium

c.) a cell that makes steroid hormones

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? a.) a cell that secretes enzymesb b.) a cell that destroys pathogens c.) a cell that makes steroid hormones d.) a cell that engages in photosynthesis

a.) nucleic acids such as DNA

Which of the following molecules will be affected if the extracellular matrix of a cell begins to break down? a.) nucleic acids such as DNA b.) peptidoglycans c.) cellulose d.) proteoglycans

d.) In solution, ionic bonds are generally stronger than covalent bonds.

Which of the following statements is false? a.) Electrons are unequally shared in polar covalent bonds. b.) Electrons are equally shared in nonpolar covalent bonds. c.) Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds based on electrostatic forces. d.) In solution, ionic bonds are generally stronger than covalent bonds.

d.) Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth's atmosphere.

Which of the following statements is not true? a.) Water is polar. b.) Water can stabilize the temperature of nearby air. c.) Water is essential for life. d.) Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth's atmosphere.

b.) Acids and bases can neutralize each other.

Which of the following statements is true? a.) Acids and bases cannot mix together. b.) Acids and bases can neutralize each other. c.) Acids, not bases, can change the pH of a solution. d.) Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH−OH−); bases donate hydrogen ions (H+H+).

c.) To be enantiomers, a pair of molecules must have at least three different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon, but arranged differently.

Which of the following statements is true? a.) Molecules with the formulas CH3CH2OHCH3CH2OH and C3H6O2C3H6O2 could be structural isomers. b.) Cis-trans isomers are arranged about a single bond. c.) To be enantiomers, a pair of molecules must have at least three different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon, but arranged differently. d.) To be enantiomers, a pair of molecules must have four different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon, but arranged differently.

b.) microfilaments and intermediate filaments

Which of the following will disassemble and reform quickly when white blood cells need to move quickly to the site of an infection? a.) intermediate filaments and microtubules b.) microfilaments and intermediate filaments c.) microfilaments and microtubules d.) only intermediate filaments