Chapter 22 Quiz

Which of the following was true of the Industrial Revolution? (A) The distribution of wealth and power generated by the Industrial Revolution was uneven. (B) The Industrial Revolution began with the Chinese and spread to western Europe. (C) Spain and Portugal became the only colonial possessions in the New World (D) The Industrial Revolution benefited only western Europe

(A) The distribution of wealth and power generated by the Industrial Revolution was uneven.

The most dramatic environmental changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution (A) were deforestation and famine in the New World. (B) were declining crop yields and crop blights. (C) occurred in towns. (D) were unemployment and homelessness.

(A) were deforestation and famine in the New World.

Which of the following was true of industrial work in the first half of the nineteenth century? (A) It required a great deal of technical skill and led to the need for a complete education. (B) Most industrial jobs were unskilled, boring, and repetitive. (C) Only Great Britain and the United States used women and children in industrial work. (D) Better lighting for factories led to the majority of the work being done over two shifts, one at night.

(B) Most industrial jobs were unskilled, boring, and repetitive

One major impediment to Chinese industrialization in the early nineteenth century was (A) having a foreign emperor. (B) a conservative elite. (C) a lack of capital to begin industrial enterprises. (D) having only one major export crop, silk.

(B) a conservative elite.

The British government repealed the Corn Laws in 1846 in the name of "free trade"; however, the real intent was to (A) increase the numbers of workers who could be employed in factories rather than on farms. (B) lower the cost of food for industrial workers, which would allow employers to offer lower wages. (C) send cheap grain to colonies that did not have enough food. (D) manipulate the price of grain on the grain market and make big profits for the British government.

(B) lower the cost of food for industrial workers, which would allow employers to offer lower wages.

Some early industrialists, such as Josiah Wedgwood, mastered the mass production of goods through (A) using government funds to pay the workers a decent wage (B) the use of division of labor in their factories (C) using only children as labor because they were fast and efficient (D) hiring only young, unmarried women who needed to work

(B) the use of division of labor in their factories

The rapid population growth experienced by Great Britain was due mainly to (A) having fewer colonial was (B) widespread resistance to disease and increased food supplies (C) second-generation colonials returning for education (D) girls being married at a younger age than they had in the middle ages

(B) widespread resistance to disease and increased food supplies

By the early eighteenth century, which of the following was a result of the Industrial Revolution? (A) most European states had experienced bankruptcy due to inefficient monetary practices (B) Nearly all of the food had to be imported from the colonies (C) It began to create an emerging consumer economy in all of Western Europe (D) It generated common monetary practices, such as standardized exchange rates

(C) It began to create an emerging consumer economy in all of Western Europe

In the first half of the nineteenth century in Canada and the United States, the most serious environmental impact of the Industrial Revolution was (A) a lack of good farmland. (B) strip mining for mineral resources. (C) deforestation. (D) the damming of the rivers.

(C) deforestation.

The planting of new crops led to a second agricultural revolution in the early 1800s in western Europe. In great Britain, in particular, this led landowners to (A) employ many more farmers and sharecroppers than before as a way to increase their agricultural output (B) bring Irish immigrants to Great Britain because of a farm labor shortage (C) enclose their lands and force tenant farmers and sharecroppers off the land (D) plant American cotton to increase the amount of profit they made at market

(C) enclose their lands and force tenant farmers and sharecroppers off the land

One important byproduct of Watt's perfection of Newcomen's steam engine was that (A) beasts of burden were no longer needed for transportation (B) it freed up men and women to work on farms instead of factories (C) it allowed factories to be built anywhere, not just near an energy source (D) it lead to an increase in the need for coal miners in Great Britain

(C) it allowed factories to be built anywhere, not just near an energy source

The idea that government should refrain from interference in business, except to protect private property, is known as (A) mercantilism (B) neo-Confucianism (C) laissez faire (D) utopian socialism

(C) laissez faire

Which of the following is an accurate statement of Great Britain in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? (A) Great Britain's true wealth came from its farmers, who produced profits with food exports (B) Great Britain's wealth came from her army and navy, which had conquered vast territories (C) Government intervention in the economy had launched Great Britain into becoming a true world power (D) In Great Britain more people were involved in production for export, trade, and finance than in any other major country

(D) In Great Britain more people were involved in production for export, trade, and finance than in any other major country

As in Great Britain, most nations on the continent focused their first industrial enterprises on (A) cotton cloth (B) supplying cities with more meat and grain products (C) the manufacturing of steel (D) exporting finished goods to their colonies

(D) exporting finished goods to their colonies

In comparison to other European nations in the 1790s, the aristocracy in Great Britain (A) was powerful and controlled all of the major economic activities in the empire (B) made up the bulk of the British bureaucracy (C) prohibited intermarriage among social classes to preserve its lineage (D) was generally less powerful and not as centralized as in other European nations

(D) was generally less powerful and not as centralized as in other European nations