Chapter 22-virtualization

private cloud

Cloud networks built and maintained by or explicitly for a specific company or organization. Often on-site, but may be provided by a third party.

on-demand

Cloud resources, such as servers, storage, or databases, can be set up and modified when they want by the user, allowing them to adapt quickly to changing needs or demands.

measured service

Cloud services that are typically billed in small increments based on the computing resources you consume.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Cloud-based service to store, distribute, and update programs and applications. This model provides access to necessary applications wherever you have an Internet connection, often without having to carry data with you or regularly update software. The subscription model of many of these providers makes it easier to budget and keep hundreds or thousands of computers up to date.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Cloud-based virtual server(s). These virtualized platforms give programmers tools needed to deploy, administer, and maintain a Web application.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Cloud-hosted provider of virtualized servers and networks to minimize idle hardware, protect against data loss and downtime, and respond to spikes in demand.

resource pooling

Consolidating resources from many systems into a smaller number of more powerful systems, reducing power, maintenance, and hardware costs.

What is VMware's bare-metal hypervisor, originally introduced in 2001, called? What is VMware's newest hypervisor that is small enough to be loaded via a thumbdrive?

ESX ESXi

The entire hypervisor market is dominated by two players.

ESX (it is created by VMWARE) Hyper-V

name hypervisor for different OS

Linux: KM Switch (free) Windows: hyper-v (free), this feature was added in windows 10 mac: Parallels Desktops (created by MAc) and VMware Fusion ( it is created by VM Ware) VMWare: costly

Which operating system, when added as a virtual machine, requires a separate, licensed copy?

Microsoft windows. linux is free

The number of running virtual machines on a single host is limited by what factor?

Physical RAM

What are some key benefits of virtualization?

Power saving, reduces physical machines or hardware consolidation, system management and security, research & benefits of VMs as files

hardware virtualization support

Processor features that speed up and simplify virtualization. Required for some hypervisors to function. Intel's VT-x and AMD's AMD-V are examples

Apart from hardware virtualization support, the secon and most important concern is ____________________.

RAM

Which of the following is not a good reason for virtualization?

Reduced hardware costs

What are two advantages of Software as a Service (SaaS)?

Subscription model for easier budgeting no need to schedule or purchase regular software updates

What are three ways you would be able to install an OS on a virtual machine?

The host machine's optical drive, a USB thumb drive, or an ISO file.

guest

These environments are also known as virtual machines (VMs), this is an operating system running inside a virtual machine.

community cloud

This is like a private cloud paid for and used by more than one organization. Cloud network that serves a community or group with shared needs and interests, such as hospitals or defense contractors.

emulator

This is software or hardware that converts the commands to and from the host machine into an entirely different platform.

Powerful hypervisors like ESX are often booted from _______________.

USB thumb drives

What is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

Uses virtualization to eliminate requiring hardware Note: user still responsible for OS & software

client-side virtualization

Using a hypervisor installed on a client machine to run a virtual machine. The VM may be created and stored on the client machine or accessed over the network.

A complete environment for a guest operating system to function as though that operating system were installed on its own computer

VM

Which company was one of the earliest to make hypervisors, and arguably the one that put PC virtualization on the map?

VMWare

snapshot

Virtualization feature that enables you to save an extra copy of the virtual machine as it is exactly at the moment the you select. Also known as a checkpoint.

virtualization

Where a single computer running specialized software called a host can create environments within unique single files that replicate other computers.

Tom is installing a Windows 10 virtual machine onto a copy of VMware Workstation. Which of the following does he need?

a valid windows 10 installation media. trap: a valid esxi key

when you create and run virtual machines on a local system, what its called.

client-side virtualization

What term refers a large number of networked, virtualized servers combined with a powerful front end?

cloud computing

When a virtual machine is not running, how is it stored?

files.

A machine running a hypervisor is a(n) what? a computer running multiple virtual machines is called what? A program that runs multiple operating systems simultaneously is called a(n) __________________.

host host hypervisor.

a virtual machine running on hypervisor is also called?

.guest.

hybrid cloud

A combination of cloud resources from more than one other cloud type, such as community, private, or public.

thin client

A system designed to handle only very basic applications with an absolute minimum amount of hardware required by the operating system. Meets minimum requirements for selected OS.

virtual desktop

A traditional desktop OS installed in a VM. A local system could run its own VM containing a one of these, or just connect to one of these running on a remote server.

checkpoint

Also known as a snapshot, this saves the virtual machine's state at that moment, allowing us to quickly return to this state later. They're great for performing maintenance with a safety net, but they aren't a complete backup, and many snapshots can slow a VM down.

hypervisor

An extra layer of sophisticated programming to manage the vastly more complex interactions that enables a single computer to run multiple operating systems simultaneously.

What is a Type-1 hypervisor? type 2

Bare-metal" / does not require an OS to run on Installed on client. Works between host OS & guest

rapid elasticity

Because cloud servers are powered by virtual machines, customers can add or remove capacity quickly by starting or shutting down new instances of the VM or moving the VMs to more powerful hardware. Using Cloud-based features, you can easily expand the number of servers, even spread them out geographically, with just a click of the switch.

public cloud

Cloud networks built and maintained by large companies for use by any individual or company who wants to create an account and start paying for services.

BigTracks is a successful Bigfoot-tracking company using an internal service to manage all of its automated Bigfoot monitoring stations. A Bigfoot migration has caused a massive increase in the amount of audio and video sent back from their stations. In order to add short-term capacity, they can create new servers in the public cloud. What model of cloud computing does this describe? A) Public cloud B) Private cloud C) Community cloud D) Hybrid cloud

hybrid

Virtual application streaming

makes Office applications available for smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktops.

Cloud computing companies provide ________________ or -------------------that bills users for only what they use.

metered service ( when they charge for cpu usage) compare: measured service ( traffic in or out from the service for this blank, use both , as used in summary of the book.

Which hypervisor runs in Windows, macOS, and Linux hosts?

oracle virtual box.

After the unforeseen failure of her Bigfoot-picture-sharing service, bigFootr— which got hacked when she failed to stay on top of her security updates—Janelle has a great new idea for a new service to report Loch Ness Monster sightings. What service would help keep her from having to play system administrator?

platform as a service.

to restore a virtual machine , you need a ?

restore or check point.

Cloud file storage services, like Dropbox and Box allow people to move to the cloud for some of their storage needs. These services include _______________ with their desktop versions, so that you can easily have the same version of every file in multiple places (desktop, laptop, onlin

synchronization apps

What is one important reason to implement virtualization? a) Online access b) Resource duplication c) System management d) Hardware installation

system management

John's hypervisor enables all five of the virtual machines on his system to communicate with each other through the ______________ without going outside the host system.

virtual switch.

The virtual version of a hardware switch, made by a hypervisor in order to network virtual machines.

virtual switch.

What is one of the advantages of Software as a Service?

you do not have to install the software. trap: your data is secured.