chapter 4 test: sensation and perception
The most complex and highly developed sense for humans is
vision
the _______ refers to the smallest amount of physical energy needed to produce a sensory experience
absolute threshold
an aircraft pilot with only one eye is able to guide the plane during takeoff and landing using the depth cues of...
all of the above
what type of processing takes sensory data into the system through receptors and then sends the data to the brain for analysis of information
bottom up processing
Our sensory receptors play a key role in detecting ________ in the external world.
changes
top-down processing is also known as _________ processing
conceptually driven
It may take your favorite teacher a few seconds to recognize you when you see her in the grocery store. This experience illustrates the importance of
context
the learning perspective suggests that the most important factors in determining our ability to identify a percept are
context, expectation and perceptual sets
according to the gestalt principle of _______, even when we see a line take a 90 degree turn, we still see it as the same line
continuity
each of the senses
converts physical to neural information
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
detecting a stimulus; recognizing a stimulus
weber's law states that ____ are proportional to the stimulus intensity
difference thresholds
As you view an abstract painting, you eventually see the red as the people and the black as the background, this demonstrates
figure-ground
The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we:
interpret sensory stimuli
subliminal stimulus
is at or below the absolute threshold
Annie is working on a new perfume. Her perfume has hints of lavender and rose. She has just added enough lavender for her to detect a change. What is this an example of?
just noticeable difference
when you walk through the lafeteria at lunch, you see many people seated at tables you perceive those individuals who are sitting near each other as being friends with one another. you are demonstraing what law?
law of proximity
scientific studies of subliminal messages have thus far shown
little to no effect on behaviour
According to the philosopher ________, we learn to perceive the world.
locke
elana can hear the radio even at a much lower setting than her mother. at a given setting elana can detect that there is music playing about half of the time. at the same setting, her mother cannot hear anything. elana could be said to have a __, _______than her mother
lower; absolute threshold
weber's law states that the higher the intensity of the stimulus, the _______ it will have to be _______ to result in a noticeable difference in sensory experience
more; changed
perceptual constancy reflects the understanding of the perceiver that
objects remain the same despite changes in their appearance
the phantom limb sensation indicates that
pain involves the brain's interpretation of neural activity.
interior designers use the principle of illusions to create spaciousness in an otherwise small room by
painting it in light colours
Seeing a face is to sensation as recognizing a friend's face is to
perception
_______ is heavily influenced by an individual's expectations
perception
which term refers to the process of interpreting incoming sensory patterns
perception
As a bird flies towards you, you do not perceive it as growing larger. This is primarily due to
perceptual consistency
which of the following statements is consistent with the gestalt theory of perception?
the mind organizes sensations into meaningful perceptions
illusions are more likely in each of the following conditions except
the stimulus is clear
If you were first presented with a picture of a vase and then presented with the ambiguous image of either faces or a vase, you would be more likely to perceive the vase first. In this case the initial image of a vase served as a/an _________________.
perceptual set
a person who has the most common form of blindness will probably have the hardest time distinguishing between
red and green
the process by which sensory receptors convert stimulation
sensation
Concluding her presentation on sensation and perception, Kelly notes that:
sensation and perception blend into one continuous process
a percept consist of ________ in combination with _______
sensation; associated meaning
tasting a carrot is____ remembering that you hate the taste of carrots is _______
sensation; perception
______ refers to the loss of responsiveness in receptor cells due to constant stimulation
sensory adaptation
robbie has been sitting in a hot tub for 30 minutes. he emerges and immediately jumps into the nearby pool. robbie screams because he feels that the pool water is freezing. what phenomena has caused Robbie's surprise?
sensory adaptation
nerve impulses that carry information about the external world travel along _______ to specialized processing areas in the brains
sensory pathways
______ explains when we are likely to detect weak signals
signal detection theory
when considering how a message travels from its inception to its evaluation, select the correct order of processes
stimulation, transduction, sensation, perception
in bottom up processing, the resulting percept is determined by
stimulus features
top down processing emphasizes all of the following except
stimulus features
Your dog has been lost for three days, and you cannot stop thinking about him. When you hear a bark, you assume that it is Fuzzy because of
top-down processing
the process of ______ is responsible for the conversion of physical energy to neural impulses
transduction
benji often lifts weights. after lifting a ten pound weight, he has to add two pounds to the weight in his next set to detect the difference. according to weber's law, what would benji have to add to the weight to detect the difference if he was lifting 100 pounds of weight
20 pounds
"the whole is more than the sum of its parts"is a statement reflecting
gestalt psychology
learning-based inference is to nurture as _______ is to nature
gestalt theory
